Syd Lindsley
If
ka bude jarida a Iowa wannan bazara, watakila ka ci karo da wani
tallan da ke cewa: “Yaya kuke ji game da shimfidawa a kan raƙuman ruwan amber na
hatsi, da jajayen duwatsu masu daraja, da fili mai 'ya'ya? Idan kun karanta
ƙananan bugu, ba ku sami saƙon muhalli da ake tsammani ba, amma shawara
don rage yawan shige da fice zuwa Amurka zuwa mutane 200,000 a shekara. Tallan
ya ce: “… a kowace shekara a Amurka muna shimfida yanki daidai da yanayin
Delaware…Me yasa? Domin yawan al'ummar kasarmu na karuwa a wani yanayi da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba
ƙimar, saboda da farko don manufar shige da fice wanda ke canza yanayin yanayin
Amurka."
Iowa
isn’t the only state besieged by anti-immigrant media campaigns. Local and
national anti-immigrant groups, such as Negative Population Growth (NPG), the
Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR), ProjectUSA, and the
California Coalition for Immigration Reform (CCIR), suna kafa allunan talla da
sanya tallace-tallacen bugawa, TV, da rediyo a cikin yankuna a cikin ƙasa.
wannan
sake farfado da shirin yaki da bakin haure ya fara ne a shekarun 1990, kamar yadda yawancin ‘yan siyasa,
kungiyoyi, da daidaikun mutane suna dora zargi kan bakin haure a matsayin tushen
matsalolin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, da muhalli na al'umma.
Duk da yake
deepening economic inequality in the U.S. has set the stage for the resurgence
of anti-immigrant scape-goating; economic matters alone are not enough to
explain the force with which anti-immigrant opinion has taken hold in the public
arena. The recent revival of nativism is also motivated by white U.S.
damuwar mazauna garin game da sauye-sauyen alkaluman kabilanci da suka haifar
ci gaba da shige da fice na baƙi ba farare ba. A cikin shekaru talatin da suka gabata, da
yawancin bakin haure ba farare ba ne; galibin bakin haure a yau
ko dai Asiya ko Latino.
The
ƙaura da yawa waɗanda ba fararen fata ba zuwa ƙasar na barazana ga
ɓata ainihin haɗin kai tsakanin fari da “Amurka” - kasancewar wannan
ya ƙunshi tatsuniyar tatsuniyar “Amurka” ta asali ta ƙasa, a
hasashen da ya sanya farar fata mazauna Amurka da yawa a kan gaba. Hakika, da
"barazana" na mafi yawan wadanda ba farar fata ba a Amurka ya haifar da babba
kuka. A cikin 1994, dan takarar shugaban kasa Pat Buchanan yayi gargadin, “Wanda ba fari bane
Yawancin ana hasashen idan aka ci gaba da shige da fice a yau." Ganin wannan
Hasashen, ya yi iƙirarin cewa Amurka na buƙatar "lokacin fita" daga shige da fice.
In
wannan kalaman kyamar bakin haure, 'yan siyasa da "gyara" shige da fice
ƙungiyoyin suna ɗaukar manufa musamman mata da yara baƙi. A matsayin uwaye,
Matan ƙaura suna da haɗari musamman a idanun masu kishin zamani na yau
saboda karfin da suke da shi na haihuwar ‘ya’yan da ba farare ba. Na
Tabbas, yawancin 'yan siyasa da kungiyoyi masu adawa da baƙi sun musanta irin wannan wariyar launin fata kuma
dalilai na jima'i, sun fi son ƙarin muhawarar tattalin arziki da muhalli.
Baƙi
Mata da yara kuma ana kai musu hari saboda dalili na biyu. Gwamnatin Amurka
kuma masu daukan ma'aikata sun dogara da ma'auni na wucin gadi mai rahusa na maza masu ƙaura da
matan da ba su da alhakin samar da ilimi, inshorar lafiya, ko
sauran ayyuka. Matsalolin iyalai baƙi, gami da yara, suna canzawa
farashin haifuwa (duka na halitta da zamantakewa) daga ƙasar da aka aika
zuwa Amurka Yayin da gwamnati da ma'aikata ke son samun riba daga bakin haure
aiki, ba sa so su ɗauki nauyin haifuwar ma'aikata.
The
abin da ake kira "muhalli" anti-baƙi hangen zaman gaba da'awar cewa shige da fice
kuma yawan yawan haihuwa na bakin haure yana haifar da yawan jama'a don haka
lalacewar muhalli. An kai harin "kore" kan baƙi
amintacce a cikin tsarin sarrafa yawan jama'a wanda ke kiyaye wannan dakatarwa
haɓakar yawan jama'a shine mabuɗin kawar da talauci, lalata muhalli, da
ko da yaki. Kalaman kyamar bakin haure na Amurka na zargin bakin haure da 'ya'yansu
dawwamar da fatara, da ƙara ƙunci, da lalata muhalli. Domin
Misali, wani talla na 1996 daga NPG yana karanta: Shige da fice shine abin da ke motsa shi
bayan karuwar yawan jama'a da ke lalata muhallinmu da inganci
na rayuwar mu. Da farko saboda shige da fice da muke yi da sauri a karya wuya
zuwa bala'i na muhalli da tattalin arziki [an haɗa da mahimmanci].
FAIR’s
The Environmentalist’s Guide to a Sensible Immigration Policy evokes the
threat of immigrant women’s reproduction in a section heading:
“Immigration’s Invisible Multiplier: Offspring.” FAIR and other
Ƙungiyoyi masu adawa da baƙi sukan yi magana game da haɗarin abin da ake kira "sarkarwa
ƙaura,” wato shige da fice ta hanyar dokokin haɗa dangi. FAIR yayi kashedin
cewa “baƙi guda ɗaya wanda aka shigar da shi don ƙwarewar aikin da ake buƙata, ko kuma ya fita
matsalolin jin kai, ko don wani dalili, na iya zama hanyar haɗin gwiwa a cikin wani
jerin hijirar iyali da ba za a karye ba.” FAIR da sauran kungiyoyi suna fafutuka don
dokokin da za su hana haɗuwa da iyali. Mata za su zama na farko
wadanda ke fama da irin wannan doka, tun da yawancin mata baƙi sun zo
ta hanyar dokokin shige da fice na dangi. Bugu da ƙari, irin waɗannan gyare-gyare za su haifar
unnecessary hardship by prolonging the separation of immigrant families.
In
the economic realm, immigrants and their children are blamed for depleting
social services budgets, especially in areas where there is a concentrated
population of foreign-born residents, such as California. In the 1990s, many
immigration “reform” proponents began suggesting legislation aimed at
decreasing the availability of social services to immigrants, especially
undocumented ones. Although undocumented immigrants were never eligible for most
types of welfare and Medicaid, recent legislation has attempted to reduce the
few services available to all types of immigrants even further. Much of this
legislation directly targets and affects immigrant women and children.
Ma
Misali, a farkon shekarun 1990, dan majalisar California Elton Gallegly ya ba da shawarar a
gyaran tsarin mulkin da zai hana yaran da aka haifa a cikin ƙasar zama ɗan ƙasa
Amurka ga iyayen da ba su da takardun izini, shawarar da wasu ke adawa da baƙi
ƙungiyoyi a halin yanzu sun amince.
In
wani misali, California's Proposition 187, wanda ya bayyana a 1994
kuri'a, da ya haramtawa hukumomin gida da na jihohi bayar da tallafi ga jama'a
taimakon jin kai, ilimi, jin daɗi, da kula da lafiya ba na gaggawa ga kowa ba
mutumin da ba su tabbatar da matsayin ɗan ƙasar Amurka ba ko baƙon da aka shigar da su bisa doka.
Magoya bayan Prop 187 sun jaddada mashawarcin tallafin jama'a don kula da haihuwa
mata marasa izini. Kalmomin, “Biyu daga cikin jarirai uku da aka haifa a Los
An haifi asibitocin gundumar Angeles ga matan da ba su da takardar izini,” ya zama taron gangami
kukan yakin neman zabe na Prop 187, duk da cewa wannan kididdigar tana da matukar tambaya.
A bayyane yake, masu ba da shawara 187 sun ba da ƙima kaɗan akan haifuwa
lafiyar matan da ba su da takardun shaida da 'ya'yansu. An gabatar da shawara 187
haramcin kudin ilimin jama'a ga yaran da ba su da takardun shaida shi ma wani yunƙuri ne na
keɓe waɗannan yara na dindindin daga shiga cikin al'ummar Amurka.
just
shekaru biyu bayan Shawarar 187 ta kai hari kan baƙi marasa izini a ciki
California, Majalisar Dokokin Amurka ta zartar da wani kudurin doka wanda ya cika da yawa iri ɗaya
burin, wannan karon a matakin kasa. Kudirin shine Hakki na Kai
da Dokar Sasanci Dama Aiki na 1996 (PRWORA), wanda aka fi sani da
Dokar sake fasalin jin dadin jama'a. Dokar ta yi tasiri sosai kan yadda aka rubuta duka biyun
kuma baƙin haure da ba su da takardun izini na iya amfani da sabis na jama'a. Dokar ta sanya
hane-hane kan amfani da sabis na bakin haure “hakaka”, da kuma hana su
“ba bisa doka ba” amfani da baƙi na yawancin ayyukan jama'a gaba ɗaya. Dokar kuma
ya bai wa jihohi ikon hana tallafi na jihohi da na gida ga marasa izini
bakin haure. Nan da nan bayan aiwatar da PRWORA, tsohon California
Gwamna Pete Wilson ya sanya kulawar haihuwa a matsayin manufa ta farko na yakin neman zabensa
kafa dokar tarayya ta hana tallafin jihohi da na gida zuwa “ba bisa doka ba”
bakin haure.
Ko da yake
An ayyana shawara 187 ba bisa ka'ida ba, kuma an haramtawa Wilson
ba da takardar shaidar samun kulawar mata masu ciki a ƙarshe ya rushe da shi
magaji, Grey Davis, waɗannan matakan suna ci gaba da yin tasiri sosai
lafiyar haifuwar mata baƙi da samun damar yin ayyuka. Garin kwanan nan
Binciken cibiyar yana nuna alamar "tasirin sanyi" akan baƙi'
yarda don samun damar kula da lafiya da sauran fa'idodi. Mawallafa sun gano cewa
raguwar samun damar baƙi ga irin waɗannan shirye-shiryen ya ragu a duk faɗin ƙasar
ainihin cancanta ya canza fiye da tsoron baƙi da zato game da amfani
wadannan shirye-shirye-“sakamakon sanyi” na sake fasalin jindadi.
In
fact, the attacks on immigrant women’s ability to reproduce and maintain their
families form the root of the recent assault on immigrants. Attacks on legal and
illegal immigrants’ rights to public services, including prenatal care,
schooling for immigrant children, Aid to Families with Dependent Children, and
non-emergency health care are all attempts to regulate and control immigrant
aikin haihuwa na mata.
The
'yancin zabar ko haihuwa ko a'a shine tushen asali
Haihuwa da 'yancin ɗan adam ga dukan mata. Siyasar kyamar baki ta zamani
yunƙurin sanya takunkumin gwamnati kan ikon mata baƙi
yi nasu zabin haihuwa.
Bugu da ƙari,
a cikin yanayi na kishin ƙasa, kyamar baƙi na zamantakewa da siyasa.
Harin da aka yi wa haifuwar mata masu hijira babban hari ne
'yancinsu na ba da gudummawa ga 'yan ƙasa na gaba. Ƙoƙari ne
don sarrafa wanda za a iya la'akari da "Ba'amurke" da kuma ware marasa izini
Baƙi, musamman Latinos da Asiyawa, daga haƙƙoƙin da aka ba su
'yan ƙasa.
Ko da yake
California was a hotspot for anti-immigrant activism and legislation during the
1990s, campaigns to foster anti-immigrant feeling and drastically cut
immigration are well underway in all regions of the nation. More and more often,
the message they are sending relies heavily on population control ideology, and
perpetuates racist ideals of a homogenous white “America.”
The
abubuwan da ke faruwa a bayyane suke: akwai "masu waje" da yawa a cikin wannan ƙasa, kuma
"mu" dole ne mu yi duk abin da za mu iya don rage adadin su. A anti-baƙi
farfaganda, nassoshi ga "mafi girman haihuwa" na bakin haure na baya-bayan nan
bayar da shawarar cewa yawan haihuwa na baƙin haure wani abu ne da za a sa ido sosai
da sarrafawa. Irin waɗannan saƙonni ba kawai suna da sakamako mai haɗari ga baƙi ba
Lafiyar haifuwar mata da haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haifuwa, sun kuma bayyana a sarari cewa kwanan nan
Latino and Asian immigrants are unvalued members of U.S. society.
Littafi
Hare-haren da ake kaiwa bakin haure na da matukar hadari na tauye hakokin bakin haure,
ciki har da lafiyar haifuwar mata baƙi da haƙƙoƙin haƙƙinsu. Al'ummar da
yana rera yabo na "'yanci da adalci ga kowa," a fili ya kasa tabbatarwa
samun damar baƙi zuwa waɗannan haƙƙoƙin asali.
Syd
Lindsley shine Mai Gudanar da Shirin Jama'a da Ci Gaba, Hampshire
Jami'ar Cibiyar Mata ta Kwalejin, kuma mai gwagwarmayar mata.