Fonte: Globetrotter
With the money she earns cleaning houses in the morning and an office at night, Virgen Elena Pupo, a 47-year-old Cuban migrant, has managed to raise her family in Washington, D.C., but has not been able to help her parents in Holguín, Cuba. She is separated from her parents by more than 1,246 miles. In Cuba’s eastern region, Holguín has been hit hard by an increase in COVID-19 cases, but Pupo cannot visit or send money to her parents due to the restrictions on voos remesas dos Estados Unidos como consecuencia das políticas do expresidente estadounidense Donald Trump que ten o presidente Joe Biden continuou.
On October 27, 2020, a week before the U.S. presidential elections took place on November 3, Trump issued his final sanción contra a illa. Trump incluíu á empresa financeira cubana Fincimex, principal socio de Western Union no país, na Lista restrinxida de Cuba. O pretexto era que iso pertence á corporación empresarial cubana, Grupo de Administración Empresarial SA
Esta medida cortou as canles para o envío de remesas a Cuba e os pais anciáns de Pupo non puideron recibir ningunha axuda no medio da pandemia como consecuencia deste traslado.
Fincimex emitiu a afirmación on August 27, 2021, announcing delays in the delivery of remittances that arrive in Cuba from third countries due to the difficulty of finding financial institutions willing to authorize operations. The inclusion of this company in the list of restricted entities by the U.S. Treasury Department “continues to generate fears in the international banking sector about accepting operations directed to… [Fincimex] and tendencies to limit the scope of these transactions,” said the Fincimex afirmación.
A política de EE.UU. relativa ás remesas vai en contra de toda lóxica. As remesas chegaron ao rescate de familias afectadas polo coronavirus en todo o mundo. Segundo ao Banco Mundial, o diñeiro enviado polos migrantes ás súas familias en "países de ingresos baixos e medios superou a suma de IED [investimento estranxeiro directo] (259 millóns de dólares) e a axuda ao desenvolvemento no exterior (179 millóns de dólares) en 2020". Por exemplo, as remesas creceron historicamente en México nos primeiros seis meses de 2021, como La Jornada recentemente informar. Alcanzaron 23.6 millóns de dólares, o que supón un 22 por cento máis que as remesas recibidas durante o mesmo período de 2020.
“As COVID-19 still devastates families around the world, remittances continue to provide a critical lifeline for the poor and vulnerable,” dito Michal Rutkowski, global director of the Social Protection and Jobs Global Practice at the World Bank. The regular remittances that poor Latin American migrants send to their families have become vital to many of the region’s economies. Generally, it’s the working poor who send small sums of money, sometimes up to eight times a year, usually sending more money than they earn during the year. For years, remittances have been one of Mexico’s fontes principais de divisas, e as remesas forman preto de ou máis de 20 por cento of the gross domestic product of Honduras, El Salvador and other countries in Central America. They protect millions of people. But why do migrants do it? Why do they make sacrifices and send money back to their home countries? Surveys say that the explanation for this grand gesture of solidarity, with enormous macroeconomic impact, lies above all in supporting the institution of family. Migrants send money out of moral inspiration and loyalty to their parents, siblings, children, and nieces and nephews.
Nun 2006 estudar sobre as remesas e a súa pegada na familia cubana, a investigadora Edel Fresneda Camacho recoñeceu que este tipo de axudas non están destinadas a investimentos produtivos. "Constitúe unha importante fonte de ingresos para as familias receptoras, [pola] súa capacidade de consumo e aforro, e implica unha mellora das condicións de vida", que no caso de Cuba inclúe a posibilidade de investir nun pequeno comercio privado.
Camacho and other researchers have given an account of the manipulative forays of the U.S. government on this front. In the 1990s, during the crisis known in Cuba as the “Período Especial,” the United States reinforced the economic siege. The former U.S. President Bill Clinton prohibited remittances from August 1994 to 1998 except under strictly humanitarian conditions: illness or in cases of people with official immigration permission. Bush imposed even more cruel restrictions, allowing only visits to the island once every three years if the person visiting had very close relatives in Cuba—aunts, uncles, and cousins were not considered “family.”
Aínda así, as remesas conseguiron seguir chegando á illa. É dicir, ata agora. Sen oficinas de Western Union, sen posibilidade de envíos por DHL, cos bancos intimidados e os voos suspendidos a todas as provincias, agás as moi limitadas á Habana, Pupo só pode esperar que os seus pais anciáns poidan sobrevivir á pandemia sen axuda dela. . E reza todos os días para que prevaleza o sentido común entre os que fan políticas na Casa Branca, que está situada a só dúas cuadras da oficina que limpa polas noites coa teimuda vontade de manter a flote aos seus seres queridos.
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