Indida enkulu yokuvukela okuholwa yintsha emazweni ase-Arab ukuthi impumelelo emibili egqamayo, iTunisia ne-Egypt, phambilini bekuyizibonelo ezinhle zenqubomgomo ye-neoliberal.
I-Egypt yayenze uhlu lweBhange Lomhlaba oluhamba phambili oluyi-10 โlwabaguquliโ iminyaka emine kwemihlanu edlule. Umqondisi we-IMF (kanye nomdlwenguli osolwayo) u-Dominique Strauss-Kahn wancoma i-Tunisia ngo-2008 โnjengesibonelo esihle samazwe asafufusa.โ
Kodwa ukungakwazi kwemodeli yezomnotho esekelwe ekwenziweni kwangasese, ukuhoxiswa kwemithetho kanye nokukhululwa kwezimali ukuze kuhlinzekelwe intsha kanye nenani labantu ngokubanzi kuye kwakhuliswa kuphela yinkinga yezomnotho yomhlaba wonke. Ngakho-ke i-Neoliberalism yakha amanxusa enguquko yezenhlalo eyaketula omashiqela ababesekelwa iNtshonalanga eTunisia naseGibhithe.
Ngakho-ke ngenkathi i-Arab Spring yemibhikisho enokuthula ivuleke ehlobo elichitha igazi, umbhikisho wentsha ngeke udambe noma nini maduze noma uhlale uvalelwe ezweni lama-Arab. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-capitalism yomhlaba wonke namuhla ayikwazi ukunikeza abantu abasha uhlobo lwekusasa eliqhakazile abalifunayo futhi elibafanele. Okwenezela ebuhlungwini wukungabi bikho ngisho nezinhlaka zezikhungo zentando yeningi emazweni amaningi.
Ngokwe-International Labour Organization, ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kwentsha emazweni amaningi omhlaba kukhula cishe ngamaphesenti angu-20 lapho โintsha . . . E-Tunisia, amaphesenti angama-46 abantu abaneziqu zasekolishi abanayo imisebenzi emkhakheni wabo. E-Egypt, uMnyango Wezokutshalwa Kwezimali wehliselwa ekukhangiseni emalini yangaphandle ukutholakala kwabafundi basenyuvesi abangu-325,000 abangena emakethe yemisebenzi minyaka yonke. ENigeria, izinga lokungasebenzi kwentsha lilinganiselwa kumaphesenti angu-49, okuholela enye intatheli lapho ukuba ilibize ngokuthi โibhomu lesikhathi esilindele ukuqhuma.โ E-Italy izinga lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi entsheni lingamaphesenti angama-28, eFrance lingamaphesenti angama-25 kanti eSpain lingamaphesenti angama-40. E-United States, izinga lokungasebenzi elisemthethweni entsheni eneminyaka engu-16 kuya kwengu-24 lingamaphesenti angu-19, kodwa izinga langempela okungenani lingamaphesenti angu-25.
Njengoba sekubangele ukwanda kokuntuleka kwemisebenzi kwentsha, abaklami be-neoliberalism base beyisebenzisa njengezaba โzezinguqukoโ ezivikela abasebenzi emathunjini namalungelo, ziqinisekise ukuthi abantu abasha abathola umsebenzi othile bazobhekana nokuxhashazwa okuqinile. I-New York Times inikeza indaba yaseNingizimu Yurophu, lapho amabhizinisi โekwenyanya ukuqasha izisebenzi ezintsha ngokugcwele, ngakho abantu abasha baya ngokuya benikezwa ama-internship angakhokhelwa noma akhokha kancane, abaqeqeshelwa umsebenzi noma izinkontileka zesikhashana ezinganikezi izinzuzo ezifanayo izivikelo.โ
Intsha eningi engasebenzi nengasebenzi ifunde kakhulu, futhi hhayi emazweni ama-Arabhu naseNingizimu Yurophu kuphela, lapho โisizukulwane esifunde kakhulu emlandweni weMedithera sihlasela enye yezimakethe zaso zemisebenzi ezimbi kakhulu,โ ngokwe- Times. Ngisho nasemnothweni wobungxiwankulu obuguquguqukayo njengeShayina, isibalo sabafundi abaphothule ekolishi besilokhu sikhula ngokushesha kakhulu kunokuba imakethe yezemisebenzi ingabathola. Njengoba isibalo sabantu abasha sizizwa sishiywe ngaphandle kwekusasa labo, imibhikisho yentsha iyanda eYurophu nase-United States. Intatheli uPeter Coy ubhala kuBusinessWeek ukuthi isiphithiphithi salo mbhikisho sakhathaza i-World Economic Forum ka-2011. Amahholo omhlangano agcwele โizinkulumo ezingenziwa mayelana nokuthuthukisa amathuba emisebenzi entsheni,โ kodwa u-Coy uvuma ngokukhulu ukuzithoba, โ[c]ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kwentsha okungapheli kungase kungalungiseki.โ
Okunye okubangela imibhikisho yentsha emazweni aseNtshonalanga, ngaphezu kokuntuleka komsebenzi ngendlela ehlelekile, umbuzo wokufinyelela kanye nezinga lemfundo ephakeme. Coy uyabhala, โEmazweni athuthuke kakhulu, imakethe yemisebenzi iye yahlukana phakathi kwemisebenzi eholela kakhulu izisebenzi eziningi ezingayifanelekeli kanye nemisebenzi eholela kancane ezingenakukwazi ukuphila ngayo.โ Ukuxhaswa ngezimali okwengeziwe namathuba emfundo ephakeme kungase kubhekane negebe, kodwa inqubomgomo kahulumeni eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika ikhomba okuphambene. Izicukuthwane zezombangazwe ziphoqelela izinguquko eziqinile kanye ne-neoliberal ukuze zenze intsha, njengabantu abasebenzayo, bakhokhele inkinga abangayibangelanga. Abacebile bathola i-bailouts eklanyelwe ukuhlenga inani lamasheya namabhondi, futhi intsha ithola imali yokufunda ephakeme kakhulu ngemfundo enciphayo ngezinga njengoba ukuncipha kwesabelomali kuthatha kancane.
Kulo lonke elaseYurophu imfundo ephakeme yamahhala isiba yinto yesikhathi esidlule njengoba ukubhaliswa kwabafundi kuye kwanda kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. NgoDisemba odlule, ama-Conservatives eNgilandi aphindaphindeka kathathu inani lemfundo, kuyilapho uhulumeni wase-Italy wase-Berlusconi ophiko lwesokudla enqamula amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-425 ohlelweni lwenyuvesi, abafundi ababhikisha ngokuhlala eLeaning Tower of Pisa kanye neColiseum eRome. Amanye amazwe amaningi aseYurophu aqala inqubo efanayo yokusungulwa kancane kancane kwezinkampani ezizimele ebilokhu yenzeka e-United States amashumi eminyaka.
Ukwenziwa ngasese kwemfundo ephakeme e-United States okukhulayo kuholele ekuqophelweni kwamazinga esikweletu semalimboleko yabafundi amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-830, edlula isamba sesikweletu samakhadi esikweletu. Bebhala ku-CommonDreams.org, abacwaningi u-Alan Nasser noKelly Norman baphawula ukuthi isikweletu โsikhula ngesilinganiso samaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-90 ngonyakaโ futhi โamaphesenti angu-40 kuphela aleso sikweletu abuyiselwa ngenkuthalo.โ Baxwayisa isikweletu semalimboleko yabafundi singase sibe ibhamuza elilandelayo elizoqhuma, kube nzima nakakhulu noma yikuphi ukusimama komnotho. Kunokuba kubhekwane nale nkinga, izinqubomgomo zokunciphisa izindleko ziyayibhebhethekisa.
Njengoba abantu baseMelika belahlekelwa yimisebenzi futhi bebona iholo labo lehla, bathola ukuthi amakolishi omphakathi agcwele amakhono njengoba eqhubeka nokukhulisa imali yokufunda. Abafundi abaningi baphendukela kumakolishi okwenza inzuzo avame ukudla abafundi abavela ezizindeni ezincane, akhokhise amanani okufunda aphezulu ngezinhlelo ezivame ukuholela emisebenzini ekhokha kancane kunaleyo etholakala kwabaphothule ekolishi lomphakathi. Ngenxa yalokho, abafundi abafunda emakolishi okwenza inzuzo maningi amathuba okuthi bangakhokhi imali ebolekiwe yabafundi kunalabo abafunda ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme zikahulumeni.
Imibhikisho yokuqala emikhulu emelene nenkinga yezomnotho e-United States yayihilela abafundi baseNyuvesi yaseCalifornia abaphikisana nezinqubomgomo zokungabi namali. NgoSepthemba 2009 abafundi, ubuhlakani kanye nabasebenzi bahlela ukuhamba kanye neziteleka ohlelweni lwamakhempasi ayi-10 ngemuva kokushaywa wukudilizwa, ukuncishiswa kanye nokwenyuka kwezifundo okungamaphesenti angama-32. E-Wisconsin, kwaba ukuhamba kwabafundi eMadison okwabangela ukuphikiswa okukhulu kwabasebenzi lapho kanye nezwe lonke. Kuyamangaza ukuthi abafundi baseNyuvesi yaseWisconsin-Milwaukee bazibandakanya emsebenzini wezinsuku ezingama-66 ngokumelene nokuncishiswa nokukhushulwa kwezimali ohlelweni lukahulumeni ngaphambi kokuba bakhishwe ngoMeyi 7.
Izimpi ezimangalisayo zenzeke ePuerto Rico, lapho abafundi basenyuvesi yomphakathi ababebhikishela ukunganaki bavala amakhampasi ayi-10 kwangu-11 ngonyaka odlule. U-Gov. Luรญs Fortuรฑo ukhuphule izinga ngo-December odlule ngokubeka imali yokufunda ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-50 futhi wathumela amaphoyisa ukuthi azohlala ekhampasi enkulu e-San Juan. Lokhu kuholele ekwandeni kwemisebenzi, isiteleka sobuhlakani nabasebenzi, kanye nombhikisho womphakathi wabantu abangaphezu kuka-15,000 nokwaholela ekuhoxisweni kwamaphoyisa ngoFebhuwari.
Ubumbano phakathi kwentsha, abafundi kanye nabasebenzi bekungumgogodla wokunyakaza okukhulayo eYurophu, emhlabeni wama-Arab kanye naseNyakatho Melika. Ibhekene nekusasa elifiphele, intsha emhlabeni wonke ichitha inkolelo-ze yokuthi ayinandaba futhi ayivuthiwe kwezombangazwe.
UCostas Panayotakis ufundisa iSociology eCUNY's New York City College of Technology futhi ungumbhali we Ukulungisa Kabusha Ukushoda: Ukusuka Ekungasebenzini Kobungxowankulu kuya kuNtando Yeningi Yezomnotho, ezoshicilelwa ngabakwaPluto Press ngoSepthemba 2011.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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