Umthombo: Uhlelo lwaseMelika
Abalweli bepayipi bomdabu baseTurtle Island sebephenduke isithandwa senhlangano yomhlaba wonke yobulungiswa besimo sezulu. Okuholele eminyakeni engaphezu kweshumi yokungalaleli komphakathi ukuze kumiswe ukwakhiwa kwezingqalasizinda ezizimele ezisabisayo, emoyeni, emanzini, nasezindaweni, abantu basezindaweni zasemakhaya baseNyakatho Melika babe phakathi kwabokuqala nabashaywe kabi kakhulu yile miklamo emikhulu.
Izinkulungwane zidutshuliwe, zaqhunyiswa ngamabhomu, zashaywa ngegesi, zashaywa, zaboshwa, zahlubulwa, zaboshwa futhi zahlawuliswa ukuze kuthathwe isinyathelo esiqondile sokuphoqa ohulumeni ukuthi balalele ezabo isivumelwano nemithetho yezemvelo. Ukusuka eCanada ukuya e-United States kuya eMexico, abavikeli bebelokhu bephambili, bekhuluma noma befakaza ngokusinda kwamasiko, uMama Wemvelo kanye naye ongakazalwa.
Ukuhlukumezeka okutholwa abavikeli bamanzi ngokuthula kanye nemiphakathi ezimisele ngokuthandaza ezandleni zophiko lukahulumeni oluqashwe ukulwa nezinxushunxushu luyakhula njengoba umzabalazo uya ujula. Amalungu emithombo yezindaba adalula ukungqubuzana afaneleka njengabaphathi bezinga okufanele baphathwe njengezigebengu enkundleni nasezinkantolo. Ukuba sengozini kwemiphakathi ekude ezifweni eziwubhubhane ezethulwa yizindawo zabasebenzi bangaphandle kudala ingozi yezempilo yomphakathi. Izinkambu zabo zesikhashana zamadoda ziletha ucansi olungekho emthethweni kanye nokushushumbiswa kwezidakamizwa.
Okubi kakhulu ubungozi bekusasa obusheshisa umjaho uze ufike phansi esikalini sezinga lempilo. Amaphrojekthi amakhulu angaqhubeka ngaphandle kokubonisana kwendawo - iresiphi yokwehluleka ekufuneni ukusimama. Ukuqhekeka kukawoyela okwengeziwe kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa emhlabeni wonke kungangcolisa isimo. Ukuchitheka okunobuthi okwengeziwe kungakhuphula izinga lokushabalala kwezinhlobo zezilwane eliphindwe izikhathi eziyi-1,000. Izingosi ezingcwele kakhulu kanye namagugu omlando azochithwa unomphela.
Inhlangano emelene namapayipi emazingeni aphansi imela ukubuyiselwa kumagugu enhlonipho nokuzwana nendawo esizungezile. Ikhuthaza amasu angokomthetho asezingeni eliphezulu ukubuyisela ubudlelwano obuhlonishwayo bokulinganisa phakathi kwabantu nezinye izinto eziphilayo. Ibonisa izindlela ezilungele imvelo zokuqina ezithembele ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli okunomthelela omncane kanye nokunciphisa imfucuza. Yamukela ukuhlakanipha kwendabuko, ingokomoya, kanye ne-cosmology yomdabu. Njengoba ikhishwe osopolitiki, ilandele indlela egqugquzelwe nguGandhi yokungena emigwaqweni. Sekuguqukile ukuthi kugxilwe emikhankasweni yokuhlukanisa imali emabhange axhasa ngezimali amapayipi.
Kodwa-ke, ngisho nangemva kokumelana nezikhundla ezinqunyelwe zokuphatha zombuso ezimelene namalungelo kanye nokuletha ohulumeni bezwe abathuthukayo ezwenikazi elisenyakatho, isisekelo sokusekelwa kokuvikelwa kwemithombo yemvelo kanye nabantu ekubhujisweni okubangelwa amapayipi kubhekene nobudlelwano bamandla obungalingani kakhulu. ekulweleni ubulungiswa bezemvelo.
Kulo lonke izwe laseNdiya, imiphakathi iyazivikela ekuhlaseleni ngezikhali nokungekho emthethweni - kusukela ezinkundleni eziqhekeziwe zehlathi lezihlahla zeNative Athabascan eSifundazweni sase-Alberta eCanada, kuya ezindaweni zokwakha zomugqa wesi-3 e-Mississippi River Headwaters endaweni yesivumelwano sase-Anishinaabe; ukusuka ku-Line 5 emanzini asemngceleni we-US-Canada e-Straits of Mackinac, ukuya e-Dakota Access Pipeline ewela uMfula i-Missouri emazweni aseLakota; ukusuka ekugejeni kwepayipi Lebhuloho i-Bayou e-St. James Parish, e-Louisiana eGulf of Mexico, ukuya ezindaweni ezisemngceleni we-Texas-Mexico kanye nogu lwe-Pacific ne-Atlantic. I-Sonora. Kulesi sifundazwe saseMexico emngceleni osenyakatho, abavikeli bamalungelo abantu abaphikisana namapayipi kufanele bakhethe phakathi kokuzixosha noma umphumela okungenzeka wokuboshwa, ukuthumba, ukunyamalala, nokubulala. Njengoba abalimele banda esikhathini esingaphezu kweshumi leminyaka impi yamanzi, amaYaqui abe isizwe esihamba phambili kunqubo ye-UN yokuthi amazwe emhlabeni jikelele afune "imvume yamahhala, yangaphambili, nenolwazi" kubantu boMdabu ababhekene namaphrojekthi amakhulu.
Ngeshwa, lokho akusho ukuphepha phansi. NgoJulayi, i-Indigenous Peoples Rights International wabiza "ukuphela komlilo" ngemuva kokunyamalala kuka-20 kwaphoqa i-Yaqui. "Abantu baseYaqui bebengesinye sezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu emizabalazweni yabantu bomdabu eMexico ukuze bavikele amalungelo abo ahlangene ... futhi, sekuyiminyaka eminingana manje, bebhekene nodlame olwandayo," kusho inhlangano engenzi nzuzo.
Isicelo esibhekiswe kuhulumeni waseMexico kanye nomphakathi wamazwe omhlaba siqondane nesimemezelo seHhovisi Lommeli Jikelele Wesifunda saseSonora sokuboshwa kwalo umsolwa wesibili ecaleni lokubulala okwakuhloswe ngalo isihlabani esithandwayo saseYaqui kanye nomkhulumeli wesizwe, uTomรกs Rojo Valencia, owanyamalala ngoMeyi 27. Umshushisi weSonora uClaudia Indira Contreras Cรณrdoba umemezele ukutholwa kwesidumbu sakhe ngoJuni 21, umsolwa wokuqala wokubulala waboshwa ngoJulayi 5. Isando esasibhekwa njengesikhali sokubulala satholwa nomufi ethuneni elicashile eduze nomgwaqo.
Izigodi eziyisishiyagalombili zama-Yaquis - ezifakwe emlandweni wokungalokothi zamukele ukunqotshwa yinoma yimaphi umbuso wamakoloni - bezibambe ipayipi lamanzi kanye nepayipi legesi phakathi nemibuso emibili edlule yeminyaka eyisithupha. Endabeni yepayipi lamanzi, i-Independence Aqueduct, isizwe sanikeza isimemezelo sikamongameli sango-1940 esiqaphela amandla e-Yaqui kanye namalungelo kumaphesenti angama-50 amanzi oMfula i-Yaqui. Ngo-2013, lesi sizwe sathola ukuhoxiswa kweNkantolo Ephakeme yombuso yokugunyazwa kwephrojekthi enkulu. . Inkantolo ephakeme yayala ukuthi ukwakhiwa kumiswe okungenani kuze kube ngemva kokubonisana okufanele ngenqubo yesitatimende somthelela kwezemvelo.
Owake waba nguHulumeni u-Guillermo Padrรฉs Elรญas, esekelwa owayenguMongameli wangaleso sikhathi u-Felipe Calderon, wakhuthaza umsele wokunweba izimboni zasemadolobheni zamabhizinisi amakhulu njenge-Apasco, Ford, Tecate, Coca-Cola, Big Cola, ne-Pepsi. Umthelela wayo olandelanayo uzoba ukujabulisa abadayisi bamazwe angaphandle ngokumisa isigodi saseYaqui, esikhiqiza amaphesenti angu-30 okudla kwaseMexico. Umkhulumeli wesizwe saseYaqui uMario Luna Romero utshele iziphathimandla zezwe ukuthi ukuphambukiswa okuhleliwe kwamanzi acishe abe yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-20 ngonyaka kuzodala ukulahlekelwa ngaphezu kwengxenye yokukhiqizwa kukakolweni waseYaqui, ingasaphathwa eyokucekelwa phansi kwamanzi okuphuza ngenxa yokuncipha kokugcwala kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Lapho abaphathi bakwaPadrรฉs bengasinaki isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme, i-Yaqui isizwe sivinjiwe I-Federal Highway 15, umthambo omkhulu wezohwebo ogijima emazweni abo usendleleni ephakathi kweMexico City kanye nokuwela umngcele wamazwe ngamazwe weNogales. U-Rojo Valencia wayesebenza e-Yaqui Defence Brigade eyasungula izindawo zokukhokhelwa imali ukuze ixhase ukumelana kwaze kwaba yilapho uPadrรฉs emkhiphela incwadi egunyaza ukuba akhokhe. Esaba ukuthi uzophucwa inqubo efanele yomthetho, ngokudangala wakhosela eDolobheni laseMexico.
Umbusi omusha kanye nomongameli omusha nokho behlulekile ukumvikela - kanye nabanye abameleli bomdabu bamalungelo omhlaba ezweni lonke. Kusukela ngoJanuwari, bangu-14 abavikeli bomdabu bomhlaba namanzi asebebulewe . Ngaphezu kukaRojo Valencia, abaholi boMdabu abahlangabezane nokufa kwabo emacaleni angakaxazululwa maphakathi no-2021 nguSimรณn Pedro Pรฉrez Lรณpez, uJaime Jimรฉnez Ruiz, uFidel Heras Cruz, uRaymundo Robles Riaรฑo, uNoรฉ Robles Cruz, uGerardo Mendoza Reyes, uMarรญa Eufequiel UVicente Guzmรกn Reyes, Ambrosio Guzmรกn Reyes, Josรฉ Luis Chรกvez Mondragรณn, Manuel Carmona Esquivel, Agustรญn Valdez, kanye noLuis Urbano Domรญnguez.
Iqembu labesifazane baseYaqui edolobhaneni laseLomas de Bรกcum licela ukwesekwa empini yalo esemthethweni kanye nomkhankaso wokubuyisela amadoda ayisikhombisa endawo ayelahlekile abagcine ukuwabona ngoJulayi esendleleni yokwenza umcimbi wenkolo waminyaka yonke. Abameli beziboshwa zaseGrassroots ePhiladelphia benze umcimbi wokubhala incwadi ngoJuni ukuze Ukukhululwa kusukela ejele laseSonoranFidencio Aldama Pรฉrez. Ubaba wezingane ezimbili uYaqui, 33, usedonse izinyanga ezingu-55 ejele leminyaka engu-15 ngamacala umkakhe nabanye abathi ngamanga ngamacala akhe. ukuphikisa komphakathi ekwakhiweni kwepayipi legesi. Ukunqoba enkantolo kuphinde kwehlulekile ukumisa ukwakhiwa ngokungemthetho kwepayipi legesi okuyingxabano endaweni yaseYaqui. Inkantolo yombuso ikumise ukwakhiwa kwe-megaproject ye-gas-line megaproject ye-Sempra Energy, ngenxa yokushoda kwemvume yakwa-Yaqui. Kodwa-ke, inkampani yase-US iyaqhubeka nokuyakha noma kunjalo.
UMario Luna Romero, oqhubeka njengomkhulumeli wesizwe samaYaqui ngemuva kokuchitha isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka ejele ngaphansi kombuso kaPadrรฉs, wabhalisa ejele. federal Protection Mechanism for Human Rights Defenders and Journalists ngo-2017. Izigameko ezimbili ezehlukene lapho unkosikazi wakhe nendodana yakhe bephoqwe khona umuntu ngamunye emgwaqeni lapho bebeshayela khona kwenze ukuthi afune ukuvikelwa. Nokho, lokho kwaba usizo oluncane. Umndeni wakhe wahlaselwa ekhaya ngasekupheleni konyaka ofanayo ngesikhathi abahlaseli beshisa imoto emgwaqeni. Kusukela lapho, uLuna useqalile Namakasia Radio, ngokujoyina uhlu lwezintatheli ezisesimweni esibucayi kakhulu e-Mexico - abasakazi bomdabu bomdabu. Udadewabo wanyamalala izinsuku ezinhlanu kulo nyaka.
UPadrรฉs wakhipha ibheyili ka-$2.1 million ngo-2019, ngemuva kweminyaka emibili ebhadla ejele ngamacala okushushumbisa imali, ukukhwabanisa intela kanye nobugebengu obuhleliwe, okusamele kuthethwe amacala. Umndeni kaRojo wabeka isidumbu sakhe ngo-2021 ngomkhuleko nengoma yesintu endaweni yokukhonzela amaqhawe ezizwe e-Sierra del Bacatete.
"Siyawubona futhi siyawazisa ... umzabalazo onokuthula wenhlalo kaTomรกs wethu othandekayo, ogxilise kithi ... ngesasasa elikhulu nothando ngegazi lakhe loMdabu ... umbono wakhe omkhulu wokuqinisekisa amalungelo ethu njengabantu boMdabu besizwe samaYaqui," kusho umndeni. kwerekhodiwe isitatimende.
Kuyisibopho kubavikeli bamalungelo abantu ukuthi bahloniphe lowo mhlatshelo futhi baqede isimo sokuvinjezelwa endaweni yaseYaqui. Abavikeli bamanzi kumele bahlangane futhi bathathe izinyathelo ngemuva kwezidingo zezinhlangano zikazwelonke nezamazwe ngamazwe ezivezwe ku-UN yakamuva ucingo "ukwenza uphenyo oluphuthumayo noluphelele lwamaqiniso, nokwenza izinyathelo ezifanele zokusesha ukuze kutholwe abantu baseYaqui abalahlekile."
Ngokunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqinisa indlela yokuvikela nokuvikela yaseMexico ngezindlela zokuphepha eziguqulelwe ngokwesiko. Kudingeka uxhaso oluthe xaxa lwenhlangano, kanye nokubambisana okuqinile emazingeni asemthethweni wesifunda nawendawo - okuyikhona okuhloswe ngakho kweziningi zezikhalazo zabahlomuli bohlelo.
Nokho kuphela ngokuthola ukuphoqelelwa kwelungelo lemiphakathi yoMdabu loku imvume yamahhala, yangaphambili, nenolwazi kumaphrojekthi amakhulu ukuhlukunyezwa kuzoqala ukuncipha.
U-Talli Nauman ungumhlaziyi wezindaba zezemvelo kanye nokufinyelela olwazini lwe-Americas Programme kanye nomqondisi weJournalism to Raise Awareness Environmental.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela