Ivoti elenziwe eBrithani ngokushiya i-European Union kanye nokunqoba kukaDonald Trump okhethweni lukamongameli wase-US kuyingxenye yenqubo efanayo hhayi izehlakalo ezivele zenzeka nje. Esikubonayo wuguquko oluya kwesokudla emhlabeni wonke, olumelelwe nguTrump, ukukhuphuka kwalabo ababizwa 'ngo-populist' e-Europe, nguModi eNdiya, ngokuncipha kanye nokuwohloka 'kokuhlalisana kwabantu ekhulwini lama-21'. eLatin America kanye nezimo ezimbi njengokuvuka kuka-Isis noRodrigo Duterte ePhilippines, uhulumeni weqembu lokufa obala.
Njengazo zonke izikhathi zobunzima obukhulu kukhona ukuhlukana kwezombusazwe kanye nokuvela kwamandla abalulekile ngakwesobunxele, amelwe eYurophu umkhuba waseCorbyn kuLabour Party, Podemos eSpain, amandla aqhubekayo ePutukezi Left Bloc kanye neQembu LamaKhomanisi. , iSyriza eGreece nangendlela ehlukile uBernie Sanders e-United States.
Ngale kwalawo mandla ahlelwe emaqenjini ezepolitiki angakwesokunxele, siphinde sabona ukuvela kwezinhlangano ezibalulekile zomphakathi ezilwa ngezindikimba ezithile. Mhlawumbe okubaluleke kakhulu kulokhu emhlabeni wonke ukunyakaza kwezemvelo - okugxile kakhulu ekuphikisaneni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Lokhu kunokubonakala okuhlukile ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba - ngokuvamile okuhambisana nokunyakaza kwabantu bomdabu ngokwesiko e-Latin America nase-Asia, kodwa kuya ngokuya kuba njalo eNyakatho Melika.
Siphinde sabona ukukhula kabusha okukhulu kokugqugquzela abantu ukuba bavikele abafuduki - lapho iGreece ne-Italy bedlala indima ebalulekile futhi bemelene nokucwasa kombuso; ngokuqhuma kwe-Black Lives matter movement e-USA.
Inhlangano elwela inkululeko yabesifazane emhlabeni jikelele ibone ukukhula nokuqiniswa okukhulu ngenxa yemizamo eminingi yokulwa noTrump emavikini asanda kwedlula. Futhi uma kubhekwa ukuthi ukuhlaselwa kwamalungelo abesifazane kuyisizinda se-ajenda kaTrump - futhi ngempela nabanye abaholi bophiko lwesokudla emhlabeni jikelele, lokhu kungenzeka kuqhubeke njengokunyakaza okuqiniswa kabusha kunokuthi kube umzuzwana nje.
Kuyacaca ukuthi siyawavuna amaqembu angakwesokunxele, esikhulume ngawo phambilini, angenelele kule nhlangano futhi alwele izimfuno zawo. Asihambisani nokho ukuthi ukunyakaza kuhambisane nezidingo zokhetho noma zamasu zalawo maqembu.
Futhi i-polarization ayisho ukulingana. Namuhla i-polarization ingakwesokudla kakhulu futhi ibeka izinsongo ezinkulu esigabeni sabasebenzi nabacindezelwe.
E-Europe kukhona cishe ukwanda ngasikhathi sinye kokusabela kuyo yonke indawo. Uhulumeni ka-Theresa May umele ukuketulwa umbuso kohlangothi lwesokudla ngaphakathi kwe-Conservative Party kanye nokunqoba kwe-Eurosceptics. E-Austria, uNorbert Hofer we-Freedom Party waphuthelwa ngokulambisa ukuwina isikhundla sikamongameli; I-Geert Wilders' Freedom Party e-Netherlands isezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu; I-Alternative yase-Germany yenza intuthuko eqinile futhi sekukhona ohulumeni abaphiko lwesokudla abanegunya e-Poland nase-Hungary.
UFrancois Fillon, ikhandidethi eliphikisayo lamaKhatholika elimele ilungelo leRiphabhulikhi eFrance uthi "iFrance ayikaze ibe luphiko olufanele kangaka". Ngisho noma yena noma u-Emmanuel Macron egcina ephumelele ukuwina omongameli baseFrance ngoMeyi, kungenzeka ukuthi u-Marine Le Pen akhombise amandla amakhulu futhi asondele ekuwineni.
Ezinye izingxenye zesokunxele kanye nenhlangano yabasebenzi zazibona lezi zingozi. Ukwethulwa kwe-Enye Europe Kungenzeka kwakuyisinyathelo esibalulekile futhi esihle. U-Corbyn noMcDonnell, i-Momentum, i-Left Unity kanye no-Ken Loach, iningi labaHlaza futhi ikakhulukazi u-Caroline Lucas basebenze kanzima ukunqanda i-bile yobandlululo. Iningi labaholi bezinyunyana bathatha umbono oqondileโi-UNITE kanye ne-UNISON babeka izinto ezibalulekile ngokumelene nokucwasa nokuvikela abasebenzi bokufika. U-Matt Wrack we-FBU kanye no-Manuel Cortez we-TSSA badlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Lokho kungenxa yodumo lwabo olukhulu. Nokho ubudlelwano bamandla buye benza kwaba nzima kakhulu ukuthi lo mkhankaso ufinyelele izilaleli eziningi.
Iningi labashisekeli kwesokunxele, nokho, lisekele ivoti lokuphuma kanye nalokho okubizwa ngomkhankaso we-Lexit - owawungenawo umthelela ongekho kuyo yonke inhlolovo. Yakha inkohliso yokuthi ukuphuma kwesokunxele bekukhona lapho ingekho, futhi yaqamba amanga ukuthi uCameron uzoxoshwa kuzovula amathuba kwesokunxele. Ngisho nangemva kokunqoba kukaFarage kanye neTory right, labo abakuLexit njenge-SWP bathi โbekuwukuvukela abacebile nabanamandlaโ nokuthi ingozi yokucwasa ngokwebala โikude ngokungenakugwemekaโ.
Bahlulekile ukubona izingozi imikhankaso yokuphuma evamile, eholwa abokufika abangakwesokudla, emelwe. Babenganakile ubandlululo nenzondo eyayizodalwa yibona, umthelela wokusabela lokhu okwakungaba nawo esimweni sezombangazwe kanye nokulingana kwamandla ezigaba, kanye nezingozi ezihilelekile zokuhlotshaniswa nganoma iyiphi indlela naboโikakhulukazi esimweni sokuphuma. ivoti.
Dlulela kwesokudla eminyakeni eyi-15 edlule
Isokudla elikhuphukayo kanye nesobunxele elivinjezelwe lihluke kakhulu esimweni seminyaka engu-15 nje edlule, ngesikhathi se-European Social Forum eFlorence ngoNovemba 2002. Khona-ke uChris Nineham wayengabhala ngombukiso wokuvala isithangami:
โNgaphezu kwanoma yini enye uMgqibelo eFlorence ukhombise okungenzeka. Umbhikisho wokuvala ubungajwayelekile. I-Florentines ibiklelile emzileni ishaya izandla futhi kwamanye amafulethi ezindaweni zabasebenzi bekubonakala sengathi iningi lemindeni ibivayiza futhi ihalalisa. Inani elimangalisayo lemizi lilungise izibhengezo ezibingelela idemoโฆ. Kwaba sengathi le nhlangano ihlangana nesigaba sabasebenzi baseFlorence. Ngokuphazima kweso thina esasicula ngokumelene nempi, ngokumelene neo-liberalism kanye nokucwasa ngokwebala sazizwa singabaningi. " (1)
Sikude kakhulu nalolo hlobo lwesimo, lolo hlobo lwentshiseko eshiywe namuhla, hhayi okungenani e-Italy uqobo lapho isithembiso se-Rifondazione sipheshulwe khona sathathelwa indawo yi-populist kodwa hhayi ngempela ukunyakaza kwe-Five Star. Lokhu kwenzeka naphezu kwemibhikisho yezikhathi ezithile yokuvukela umbuso efana ne-Occupy, i-indignados kanye ne-Nuit Debout, okuxoxwa ngayo ngezansi.
Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu okubonakala kuyisimangaliso emhlabeni wonke? Imelelani ngezisekelo zezombangazwe nezomnotho?
Yiqiniso kunezici eziningi ezahlukene esimweni ngasinye sezwe, kodwa njengoba uTrotsky abonisa "Isimo ezweni ngalinye siyinhlanganisela engalingani yezakhi zenqubo yomhlaba". Izici ezivelele emhlabeni jikelele zisukela ekuwohlokeni komnotho ngo-2007-2008, okungazange kubonwe kusengaphambili izazi ze-neoliberal globalization kanye nohulumeni be-neoliberal.
Imiphumela yalokho kuphahlazeka yazalwa kanzima kakhulu yisigaba sabasebenzi kanye nezingxenye ezimpofu zonxiwankulu kuwo wonke amazwe ama-impiriyali nangale kwawo. Isibonelo, inkinga ye-sub-prime mortgage crisis (ukuqala kwayo yonke inqubo) kanye nomphumela wokuthathwa kabusha kwamashumi ezinkulungwane zezindlu e-US, kwaba ukuhlehla okukhulu kwezomnotho umphakathi wase-US Afro-American owake wabhekana nakho (okuvame ukuyiqiniso. okukhohliwe odongeni kuya odongeni ukumbozwa kokwehla kwezimboni ezimayini ezimhlophe kanye nezinhliziyo zokukhiqiza).
Ukuwohloka komnotho kwangemva kwenhlekelele kwahlanganiswa nemithelela yokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke okwaxosha imisebenzi ezindaweni ezaziyizimboni, ngokuvamile eya ezindaweni ezihola kancane zase-Asia naseLatin America. Ngaso leso sikhathi i-neoliberal capitalism, ibhekene nenkinga yokusetshenziswa kwezimali kanye nemiphumela emibi ye-globalism, ayikwazanga ukwakha isivumelwano esisha sobungxiwankulu bangemva kwentsha entsha. Ukuqagela phakathi kwe-mid noughties mayelana nokwenzeka kokuvela kabusha kwe-Keynesianism kubonakale kungenasisekelo. Konke lokho abaholi bezombusazwe besigaba sonxiwankulu bomhlaba ababengakwenza kwakuwukuhlela ibheyili enkulu emabhange futhi bashayele phansi isigaba sabasebenzi ngokulawulwa okuqinile kwamaholo kanye nokujula kwemibuso ye-neoliberal efana nezinkontileka zamahora angu-0.
Njengoba uThomas Picketty asho (2), kule nkathi kunoguquko olukhulu lomvuzo oya kubunikazi bengcebo kunemali engenayo. Futhi lokhu kuphumela ekwenyukeni njalo kokwehlukana phakathi kwabacebile nabampofu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezazinezimboni lapho ukwehla kwezimboni kushiye umsebenzi omncane futhi 'evalekile' imiphakathi enengqalasizinda ewayo, abantu asebekhulile kanye nezinsizakalo zezenhlalakahle ezimpofu noma ezingekho.
Ukufakwa kwenani elingakaze libonwe lemali kahulumeni emabhange azimele kwazinzisa uhlelo lwezezimali lomhlaba wonke Inzuzo yahlala iyimfihlo, kodwa ukulahlekelwa 'kwakhishwa ezweni'. Abaqapheli baqhubekile nokushanela ama-chips awinile, kodwa abakhokhi bentela kwadingeka bavale ukubheja okubi.
Lokhu akuzange kuyixazulule inkinga. Ukuphahlazeka kwango-2008, okungakaze kubonwe esikalini, kunciphise izimali ezigciniwe zezifundazwe, izinkampani, kanye nemizi, futhi kwafaka umnotho womhlaba kokunye ukuwohloka komnotho okuzayo.
Izimali zombuso ezifakwe ngamafosholo emabhange zivele zanyamalala emgodini omnyama wezikweletu ezimbi. Kusukela ngo-2008, ngaphezu kwalokho, abacebile bebeceba ngokukhulu ukushesha kunakuqala. I-casino-economy iphinde ithuthuka ngokugcwele. Ibhamuza elilandelayo likhuphuka ngokushesha futhi umhlaba usonqenqemeni lokunye ukuphahlazeka.Umnotho wangempela ugcwele ukuntengantenga kwesikhathi eside. Esikhundleni sokutshala izidingo zomuntu kanye nenguquko eluhlaza, sinomnotho osekelwe esikweletini, ukuqagela, kanye nokuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe kwe-1%.
Yize kunjalo yonke inhlangano yezepolitiki - kusukela kuma-conservatives endabuko kuya kuma-social-democrats - iyaqhubeka nokukhuluma amazwi e-neoliberal futhi iphoqelela ukuqina okufunwa omabhange. Akekho onombono noma isibindi sokuphakamisa elinye isu lomnotho elifanele izinga kanye nesimo senhlekelele. Wonke umuntu uyabambisana ukuze asekele uhlelo olungenamali ngokutakula abacebile futhi alahle abampofu.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngemuva kuka-2011 kwaba nochungechunge lokuhlulwa okubhekana nokushaywa kwesando ku-anti-austerity resistance. Okokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu kwaba ukuchithwa kwe-Arab Spring, ngenhlanganisela yobu-Islam esabelayo, ingcindezelo kanye nokungenelela kwama-impiriyali. Futhi ukunqotshwa kwe-anti-austerity insurgency eGreece kwaba igalelo elikhulu: ngisho noma sicabanga ukuthi ubuholi baseSyriza bamukele isu elingamanga, into eyinhloko kwakuwukuzimisela okuphelele kwabaholi be-EU ukungavumeli uhulumeni omelene ne-austerity ukuba anqobe. izivumelwano ezinkulu, ebezingase ziqhubekisele phambili amandla afana namaPodemos emandleni kwenye indawo ezwenikazi. Futhi inhlangano ye-Occupy, naphezu kokusabalala kwayo kanye nokusabalala kwendawo yagcina ibhekane nombuzo wesu - manje usudlulela kanjani ngale kokubhikishela ukwakha enye indlela yezepolitiki, umbuzo ongazange uphendulwe ngempumelelo amandla amakhulu enkululeko eScotland.
Yile nqubo eyadala isisekelo sokunqoba kukaTrump kanye neBrexit. Kodwa kwafinyelelwa kanjani lokhu? Kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi emazweni afana ne-US, France kanye neBrithani ukwehla komnotho kanye nokwehla kwezinga lokuphila kwesigaba sabasebenzi livune kakhulu ilungelo?
Ukwakha imifelandawonye yokusabela
Umnyakazo okhulayo wophiko lwesokudla wobushiqela ekuqaleni wawusekelwe ngaphakathi kwezigaba zonxiwankulu abancane noma ngisho nonxiwankulu uqobo (cf Aaron Banks kanye ne-UKIP). Nokho-ke i-UKIP, i-Trump kanye ne-Front National bonke bakhombisa umugqa wemashi wokwakhiwa kwezinhlangano zezwe ngempela - ukuhlanganisa umfelandawonye wamalungelo endabuko avela konxiwankulu abancane abanethezekile nezigaba zesigaba sabasebenzi abaphucwa umhlaba. Kwenziwa kanjani lokho? Ngokususa inkulumo engokwengqondo ye-radical kusukela ekushiseni izwe ngokwezomnotho noma kwezamasiko, iye ekuzondeni kwabokufika okubukhali, okumelene nowezizwe, okumelene nabokufika, nokucwasa ngokwebala. Kwase kuyithuba le-UKIP ngo-2009-11 ukubeka phambili ukucwasa kwabantu bokufika esikhundleni sokumelene ne-EU kuphela okwayenza yaba imbangi ezindaweni ezazikade ziqinile zabasebenzi.
Amanye amandla 'amasha' aphiko lwesokudla angama-fascist noma anengxenye ye-fascist, iningi lawo alikho, noma okungenani alikakafiki. Kodwa banokufana okuqinile ekucwaseni kwabo abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe, ngokumelene nezizwe ezincane, kanye nemifelandawonye yabo yesigaba nokunyakaza kwe-fascist kanye ne-semi-fascist ngawo-1930.
Ngaphezu kwalokho iningi lamaqembu amasha aphikisayo angakwesokudla kanye nezinhlangano zinenkulumo emelene nokusungulwa, ezizenza izingqwele zabantu (okungenani abantu abamhlophe) ngokumelene nenkululeko, izikhulu zasemadolobheni amakhulu. Impela lokhu kuwukungahloniphi, njengoba uTrump ecishe ekhombisa ibhiliyoni kuphela. Kodwa kuthinta umuzwa phakathi kwezigaba zesigaba sabasebenzi ukuthi amaqembu endabuko kokubili kwesokunxele nakwesokudla awalahlile. Nakulokhu futhi lokhu kuyisici ilungelo elisha elithi 'populism' elabelana ngalo ne-fascism yama-1930s.
Kufanele siqaphele lapha ukuthi ngeshwa kukhona ubudlelwano be-symbiotic phakathi kwelungelo lokuphendula kanye namaqembu amaphekula afana ne-Isis. Isenzo sobuphekula ngasinye esibulala amakhulukhulu ezakhamuzi zaseFrance, eJalimane naseSpain ikakhulukazi eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, siqhubezela abantu abaningi ezingalweni zakwesokudla futhi sisiza ukujula kwe-Islamophobia, okuwumphetho oyinhloko wokucwasa ngokwemibono namuhla, nokufana okuqinile nokulwa nobandlululo. - Semitism ngawo-1930. Siyazi-ke ukuthi isibalo sezakhamuzi emazweni angama-impiriyali abulawa noma akhutshazwa amaphekula amancane maqondana nokubulawa kwabantu okucishe kubulawe e-Iraq, eSyria naseLibya. Kepha umyalezo wemibono omelene nabafuduki owethulwa yimithombo yezindaba uqhutshwa ngendlela emangalisayo yizidumbu eParis, Nice naseBerlin. Ukuza ngesikhathi esifanayo nenhlekelele yababaleki yethula osopolitiki abasabelayo kanye nabezindaba abaphiko lwesokudla namathuba angenakulinganiswa okuphusha umugqa wokucwasa ngokobuhlanga, nokucwasa kwabokufika.
Akufanele nanini siyeke ukuveza ukuthi inkinga yababaleki idalwe yizizwe zama-impiriyali ngokwazo, ngezinqubomgomo zabo zomnotho futhi ikakhulukazi izimpi ezenzeke eminyakeni eyi-15 edlule. Amaphuzu okugxilwe kuwo ekufudukeni kwababaleki kube yi-Iraq, iLibya kanye ne-Afghanistan, wonke amazwe acekelwe phansi ngenxa yemiphumela eqondile nengaqondile yokuhlasela kwaseNtshonalanga kanye nokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu emoyeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, isimo sengqondo esinonya ngokuphelele kubabaleki, ukuvumela lokho manje osekungamashumi ezinkulungwane ukuba acwiliswe eMedithera, kungenye yezinkinga ezinkulu zokuziphatha zaseYurophu kusukela ekuQothulweni Kwesizwe. AmaSocialists akumele nakancane avumele wona noma inhlangano yabasebenzi ngokubanzi ukuthi incindezelwe yilungelo elimelene nabokufika.
Kodwa mancane amathuba okuthi ilungelo lokugunyazwa libe nempumelelo enjalo ukube bekungengenxa yokuhlulwa yisigaba sabasebenzi nezinhlangano zaso kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1980 kuya phambili. Uma sibheka emuva okubaluleke kakhulu kulokhu kuhlulwa kwaba isiteleka sabavukuzi e-UK sango-1984-5. IBrithani ne-US kwakungamazwe amabili abalulekile ekubekeni i-neoliberalism futhi ukwehlulwa kuka-Thatcher phezu kwabavukuzi kwakungase kwehlise uhulumeni wakhe futhi kuguqule izinto eYurophu yonke ngisho nasemhlabeni wonke.
Kodwa futhi kuyinkinga enkulu yemibono yenhlangano yabasebenzi, ikakhulukazi ukuwohloka ngokuphelele kwentando yeningi yenhlalo okushiye inkundla ivulekele ilungelo elikhulu.
Ukuqina kanye nokuntengantenga kwemodeli yezomnotho ephazamisekile kudala inkinga ebanzi yohlelo lomhlaba jikelele. Ukungalingani nokungabi nabulungisa kubhidliza inkundla yezenhlalo. Uhlelo lwamazwe ngamazwe luyawohloka. Impi isigubuzele imiphakathi yonke futhi yasusa amashumi ezigidi. Intando yeningi igetshengwa futhi kucekelwa phansi nenkululeko yomphakathi. Ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kusongela iplanethi naso sonke isintu ngenhlekelele yesimo sezulu.
Lapho sibhekene nakho konke lokhu intando yeningi yezenhlalakahle yamazwe ngamazwe ayinakusho lutho. Ukuwohloka okushaqisayo, kwehliswe kuphela ukuvela kwesimo sase-Corbyn eBrithani, nakuba lokho kufanelana kangcono kakhulu nohlobo olusha lwe-Podemos olusele kunentando yeningi yezenhlalo yesimanje.
Iphrojekthi kaTrump - I-Post-Neoliberalism?
Ukuphahlazeka kuka-2007-8 kubonise ukuqothuka kwe-neoliberalism, umbuso omusha wokuqongelela owavela (kancane kancane) enkingeni ye-Keynesianism maphakathi nawo-1970. Abantu abaningi babeqagela phakathi ne-noughties ukuthi kungase kube nokubuyela ku-Keynesianism, kodwa lokhu kwavinjwa, ikakhulukazi onxiwankulu bezezimali, abagcwele 'quantitative easing' cash bebengenanhloso yokubulala ihansi legolide ngenxa yabantu abaningi. . Ngakho-ke banquma ukuqiniswa okwengeziwe, ukujula kwe-neoliberalism okwaholela ekuhluphekeni kwezigidi, njengoba iminyaka eyalandela yabonisa, ikakhulukazi eGreece, eSpain naphakathi kwabantu abamnyama e-US.
Umbuzo ophakamayo manje owokuthi ingabe uTrump ngempela unalo yini iphrojekthi entsha yezepolitiki nezomnotho, esho ukubuyiswa kokuvikela ukuvikela kwawo-1930 - into engaholela ekwehleni kokuhwebelana komhlaba wonke kanye nenhlekelele emiphakathini eminingi yabasebenzi. Nakuba u-Trump ememezele ukuthi uvumelana 'nokuvikela' ekugcotshweni kwakhe, ukuphikisa noma yikuphi ukwenqaba okukhulu kwe-neoliberal globalization kungaba kubi phakathi kwezigaba ezinkulu zesigaba sonxiwankulu baseMelika. Ezinkampanini ezifana ne-Apple, i-Amazon, iMicrosoft kanye ne-Nike - phakathi kwezinkampani ezinenzuzo enkulu emhlabeni - ukufinyelela emisebenzini eshibhile yase-Asia naseLatin America kuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yamamodeli abo ebhizinisi. Okufanayo kuyiqiniso kumakhulu ezinkampani zase-US, European, Japanese - kanye namaShayina - izinkampani.
Kodwa lapha sifika kokuthile okubalulekile ekuqondeni ukukhuphuka kwelungelo elikhulu. Awukwazi ukufunda ngokuqondile ku-Trump, Marine Le Pen noma enye i-Alternative yaseJalimane izintshisekelo eziqondile zenhloko-dolobha yabo kazwelonke, ingasaphathwa eyebonxiwa bomhlaba wonkana. Lawa mandla aqinile alungile ngezindlela eziningi ukuqubuka kokungabi nangqondo kwezombusazwe, okuhlala kunokwayo okuguquguqukayo kude nomqondo osemthethweni.
Uma ukubuyiselwa kukho konke ukuvikela emhlabeni wonke kufanele kungatshazwe, akungabazeki ukuthi uTrump uhlose ukuqhubekisela phambili izici eziqinile zokuvikela kanye ne-'America First' kwezinye izimboni. Ukuhambisana nokuvikela umnotho kuwubuzwe obuqinile, okubonakala kulesi simo ikakhulukazi njengenkulumo emelene namaShayina. Cishe into eyingozi kakhulu ukuthi noma yibaphi abaqokelwe uTrump kwikhabhinethi yakhe, ukuphawula kukaRex Tillerson ukuthi ukufinyelela kweChina eziqhingini zaseSpratly 'ngeke kuvunyelwe' nguhulumeni ozayo. Mhlawumbe lokhu bekuyibhomu, kodwa noma yimuphi umzamo onjalo ungaholela kalula ekuxabaneni kwezempi neChina. Ngeke bavume ukukhishwa eSouth China Sea, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iningi lezicelo zabo zendawo zikude.
Okukhombisa ukuphawula kukaTillerson ukuthi ubuzwe obuqinile bezomnotho nezepolitiki buvamise ukuhambisana nokukhula kwezempi. Inkulumo yokugcotshwa kukaTrump iphinde isithembiso sakhe sokwakha amasosha. Ukusetshenziswa kwezimali kwezokuvikela ngo-2010/11 kufinyelele cishe ku-$700 billion, kodwa manje kuncipha emalini elinganiselwa ku-$587 billion ngo-2016. Mancane amathuba okuthi amasosha aqinisiwe angeke asetshenziswe, futhi ngokushesha lapho ethatha isikhundla uTrump ucele i-Joint. IChiefs izodweba uhlelo lokubhidliza u-Isis ngokushesha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukungenelela okukhulu kwe-USD e-Iraq futhi mhlawumbe neSyria. Lezi yizindaba ezimbi ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikhululiwe zamaKurd zaseRojava enyakatho yeSyria. Kude namasosha ase-US asebenzisane namaKurdish fighters, i-US manje kungenzeka ukuthi ibe lula ukuhlasela kweTurkey kubo.
Emazweni omhlaba ukunqoba kukaTrump kubonakala njengokunqoba kwamabutho aphikisayo yonke indawo, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi awasekele wonke. Ngaphezu kokusekelwa okuqinile kuka-Erdogan eTurkey, siyazi kakade uhlose ukuqinisa ukusekelwa kwe-US ku-Israyeli, ngokomfanekiso ukuhambisa i-ambassy yase-US eJerusalema futhi enqabe ukuphikiswa kwe-US ezindaweni ezintsha zakwa-Israyeli eWest Bank. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukuvulwa okusha kuka-Obama eCuba kuzohlehliswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho i-US cishe izosebenza kakhulu ekusekeleni amandla okusabela kwenye indawo eLatin America, ikakhulukazi eVenezuela naseBolivia, futhi ithuthukise ubudlelwano obufudumele nohulumeni omusha ophiko lwesokudla eBrazil.
Ukumisa lo mbhalo ukuthi ube mude kakhulu lapha sifingqa nje izinhlelo ezingahle zenzeke esigabeni sokuqala sobumengameli uTrump, osekusaziwa kakhulu.
Okokuqala kumenyu ye-Trump udonga olune-Mexico kanye nokucindezela kanzima kwabokufika 'abangekho emthethweni'. Kakade ngaphansi kuka-Obama inani elikhulu ngakho ukuxoshwa kwenzeka. Phakathi kuka-2009 no-2015 abaphathi bakhe basuse abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-2.5 ngemiyalo yokuthuthela kwelinye izwe, okungabandakanyi inani labantu "abazixosha" noma abaxoshwa futhi / noma babuyiselwa ezweni lakubo emngceleni yi-US Customs kanye. Ukuvikelwa Kwemingcele (CBP). Manje uTrump uthi uzoxosha ezinye izigidi ezi-3. Noma ngabe iyiphi inombolo eqondile cishe izophehla uphethiloli nokuzingelwa kwabathakathi kanye nokuhlukunyezwa okungapheli kwemiphakathi yaseLatino. Cishe abaphathi abasha bazoqeda uhlelo lwe-Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals oluvumela abantu abafika beyizingane ezingenazo izincwadi ukuthi bathole imvume yokuhlala evuselelwe iminyaka emibili kanye nemvume yokusebenza. Cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyi-1.7 bafune lesi simo, futhi manje basengcupheni yokudingiswa uma i-DACA iqedwa.
* UTrump uhlose ukushintsha okukhulu ngamafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, futhi lokhu kusho ukwakha kabusha imboni yamalahle neziteshi zokuphehla amandla ngamalahle, kanye nokuphokophela phambili ngepayipi i-Dakota Access kanye nepayipi le-Keystone XL okuhloswe ngalo ukuletha uwoyela we-shale osuka eCanada uyiswe ezindaweni zokuhluzwa. iGulf coast. Ngesikhathi esifanayo i-US kungenzeka ibambe iqhaza elivimbelayo ezingxoxweni zamazwe ngamazwe zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.
* Ukuphatha okusha kuzoqhubeka nokuzama ukukhawulela ukuhushulwa kwezisu nokufinyelela kwamalungelo okuzala, osekuvele kunqunyelwe kakhulu kwezinye izifundazwe. UTrump uzongena esikhundleni samanye amajaji eNkantolo Ephakeme aphumayo afake amanye esikhundleni sokulwa nokuhushula izisu. Ngokombono ukuphatha kukaTrump kuyizindaba ezimbi zamalungelo abantu besifazane ebhodini lonke. Ukucindezela kwabesifazane kokulingana namalungelo alinganayo kuzophikiswa ngokubanzi. Futhi imiphumela yemibono yokuba nomuntu ozikhangisayo ehlukumeza abantu besifazane ehhovisi likamongameli izoba mibi kakhulu.
* UTrump uhlela ukuncishiswa okukhulu kwezintela zezinkampani nabacebile, okungaholela kuphela ekuncipheni ekusetshenzisweni kwemali kombuso ezinsizeni zezenhlalakahle. Ingxenye yalokho kuzoba ukushintshwa kwe-Obamacare, yona ngokwayo uhlelo lomshwalense wezempilo olulinganiselwe lwabampofu.
* Ukufika kukaTrump kanye neTrumpism kungenzeka kukhuthaze futhi kuqinise amasosha ase-US acishe abe yingxenye yezempi, aqiniswe ngempahla yezempi engabiza u-$4bn eyinsalela yempi yase-Iraq. Lokhu kuzoba yingxenye yokuhlaselwa kwamalungelo abantu kanye nemiphakathi yabaNsundu kuyo yonke ibhodi. Kakade, ilungelo lokubonisa nokuhlela imibhikisho livinjelwe kakhulu.
* Ukukhethwa kukaTrump, njengeBrexit e-UK, kubangele ukwanda kokuhlaselwa nokucwasa ngokwebala. Ngesikhathi somkhankaso wokhetho kwaba nokuhlukunyezwa nokusatshiswa okukhulu kwabavoti abaMnyama. Ukwesekwa okusemthethweni kwesinyathelo sokuqinisekisa kuzohoxiswa. Ngokuhambisana nombono wokuncishiswa okusha 'kokubulawa kwabantu' emadolobheni aseMelika, inani leziboshwa, ikakhulukazi iziboshwa eziNsundu, kungenzeka likhuphuke kakhulu.
Ubuthakathaka bephrojekthi kaTrump ukuthi ingakwazi yini ukuletha noma yiziphi izinguquko ezibalulekile kwezomnotho kubavoti besigaba esimhlophe sabasebenzi ezindaweni ezingenazo izimboni ababemeseka. Izilinganiso zokugunyazwa kukaTrump zisezingeni eliphansi ngokomlando kumongameli ozayo, futhi usevele ebambe iqhaza kwezepolitiki ngobukhulu kanye nobubanzi bemashi yabesifazane ngomhla zingama-21 kuJanuwari. Kepha uTrump ugcina inhlokodolobha yezepolitiki ephendulayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukushaywa kwesigubhu samasosha esizwe kuzosetshenziswa ukuhlanganisa abavoti abakwesokudla. Masingakhohlwa ukuthi ngaphambi kwempi yaseFalklands uThatcher wayengathandwa kakhulu futhi engemuva kukaMichel Foot okhethweni. Kwakuwukushisekela ubuzwe okwaqubuka phakathi nempi, (kanye nokungenelela kweSDP/Liberal Alliance) okwaphuca uNyawo ukunqoba.
Ukulwa okuzayo
Ukubuthana kwabantu e-Washington naseduze ne-United States - nasemhlabeni jikelele - kumele izehlakalo ezingokomlando ezibonisa impindelo ezayo. Izinga lokugqugquzela lidlule konke obekulindelwe, e-US, e-UK nakwezinye izindawo. Cishe ukuphela kwenhlangano yomhlaba wonke engaqhathaniswa nayo kwaba imibhikisho yangoFebhuwari 15 2003 yokulwa nempi. Futhi imiphumela izoba mikhulu kakhulu, kunhlangano ephikisana noTrump iyonke kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha nokuqinisa umbutho wabesifazane emhlabeni wonke.
Okuphawuleka kakhulu phakathi kwababhikishi baseMelika, nezikhulumi emibuthanweni, ukuqonda okusabalele ukuthi i-ajenda kaTrump igcwele yonke indawo futhi isongela imiphakathi eminingi. Umlingisi wefilimu u-America Ferrara wakuveza kahle lokhu; โ'Mnu. Trump, siyenqaba. Siyakwenqaba ukwenziwa kwamadimoni kwabafowethu nodadewethu abangamaSulumane. Sifuna kuqedwe ukubulawa ngendlela ehlelekile nokuboshwa kwabafowethu nodadewethu abamnyama. Ngeke siliyeke ilungelo lethu lokukhishwa kwezisu okuphephile nokusemthethweni. Ngeke sicele imindeni yethu ye-LGBTQ ukuthi ibuyele emuva. Ngeke sisuke ekubeni yisizwe sabokufika, siye esizweni esingazi lutho.โ
Izinga likaJanuwari 21 lifakazela izinga lokuhlukaniswa komphakathi waseMelika. Imibiko eminingi ye-anecdotal ikhuluma ngokuzimisela kanye nesimilo esiphezulu samandla amakhulu e-US.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, nakuba yonke imibono ingeyesikhashana, ukwembulwa ngokushesha kobumongameli bakaTrump mancane amathuba okuthi kungenzeka kakhulu: Abaphathi baseMelika banezinsiza ezinkulu - ezombusazwe, izinto ezibonakalayo, ezezimali, ezempi, nemibono - okwenza kube nesiqiniseko sokuthi lokho okuzodlala I-United States iyimpi yezombangazwe ende futhi enokhahlo. Kodwa-ke, manje sekuseduze nokuthi imiphakathi ehlukunyeziwe namandla ahlukahlukene e-radicalization e-United States ngeke idlule futhi ikuthathe. Ngokuphambene nalokho, impi eqhubekayo kungenzeka, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabesifazane, imiphakathi yabaNsundu kanye nabokufika.
Inkinga isalokhu iwukuthi ukuhambisana kwezombusazwe kanye nobuholi: njengoba njalo isithiyo esikhulu yiDemocratic Party ngokwayo. Kusazobonakala ukuthi ngabe ikhona yini enye indlela yezepolitiki enamandla okuhlala ivela emabuthweni azungeze uBernie Sanders.
Ekulwisaneni nokuqonda indima yemithombo yezindaba kanye neminye imithombo yezindaba kubalulekile. Umphakathi wonxiwankulu uhlale ugcwele imibono yonxiwankulu eba yingxenye 'yomqondo ovamile' wansuku zonke. Kodwa ukulawulwa kwemithombo yezindaba - ingxenye noma ephelele - kuhlale kuyinqubomgomo esebenzayo yosopolitiki bonxiwankulu kanye nemibono yabo. Ezikhathini zobunzima kanye nokuhlukana okukhulu kwezombusazwe, osopolitiki abanobushiqela bazama ukumemeza noma ukwesabisa zonke izikhungo zokuphikisa nokucabanga okugxekayo. Izibonelo ezimbili ezicacile namuhla i-Egypt, lapho umbuso wobushiqela we-al-Sisi uhlukumeza, ubopha futhi ubulala izintatheli ezibucayi kanye nezishoshovu eziphikisayo ngokujwayelekile, kanye nobushiqela bamaphoyisa aseTurkey amaSulumane lapho u-Erdogan ephikisana nokuvukela umbuso nangemva kokuba amaphephandaba neziteshi ze-TV zivaliwe. , amakhulu noma izintatheli zaxosha noma zavalela ejele futhi kwabhebhetheka ukuhlaselwa kwezifundiswa nezihlakaniphi ezibucayi ezenziwe.
Nakuba kungekho okufana nalezi zibonelo ezimbili ezimbi, isimo sengqondo e-United States ngokubuka imidiya emikhulu siyasongela. Lapho uSteve Bannon etshela abezindaba base-US ukuthi 'bavale umlomo', lapho uTrump ebiza izintatheli ngokuthi 'abanye babaqambimanga abakhulu emhlabeni' futhi kunokukhathazeka okukhulu ngokunikeza 'amaqiniso ahlukile', ungatshela abaphathi ukuthi bafuna ukulawula nokugxeka ngokujulile. abezindaba. (Okuxakayo ukuthi kukhona izintatheli ezingamanga amakhulu esitshalweni, futhi iningi lazo liyi-pro-Trump). E-US manje sinecala lezintatheli eziboshwe ngenxa nje yokubhala izibhelu eziphikisana noTrump eWashington futhi okungenzeka zibhekane nezigwebo ezinde ejele. Lokhu kulandela umzamo wokushushisa u-Amy Goodman kanye nabanye ngombiko wabo mayelana nokungqubuzana kwamapayipi e-Dakota Access.
Ukukhathazeka kophiko lwesokudla ngobuntatheli obubucayi kudlulela nasezinkundleni zokuxhumana, okuthi uma kunobushiqela obuvulelekile buvalwe njalo. Emazweni ama-imperialist ilungelo eliqinile linemithombo yezokuxhumana enkulu, kodwa amabutho e-left-liberal kanye ne-left wing nawo anobukhona obubalulekile. Esikhathini esilandelayo singaba nesiqiniseko sokuthi izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu zizoba ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokuthi i-censor kwesokunxele bese kuba nengozi yokubekwa kwe-inthanethi 'yezigaba ezimbili' lapho izinkampani kanye 'nemithombo ethenjwayo' ifika kuqala kakhulu kunamanje. . Uphiko lwesokunxele nobukhona obubucayi be-inthanethi nenkundla yezokuxhumana akukhona nje ukuzijabulisa, kodwa kuyingxenye yempi esebenzayo yemibono.
Imithombo yezindaba iyindawo eyodwa nje lapho ubunzima obukhona budale ukuhlaselwa okukhulu kwamalungelo abantu nawentando yeningi kuwo wonke umhlaba. Inkulumo evuselelwe mayelana nokuhlukunyezwa, ukuhumusha okungavamile kanye namajele 'asendaweni emnyama' eyimfihlo kuwuphawu olulodwa lwalokhu. Namuhla i-Universal Declaration of Human Rights ayinakwa futhi ifundeka njengombhalo wenguquko, omemezela njengoba kwenza amalungelo abo bonke abantu inkululeko yokuboshwa nokujeziswa ngokungafanele, ukuba nomsebenzi nendawo ethile yokuhlala, ukujabulela ukuhamba ngokukhululekile nokufuna ukukhoseliswa kwelinye izwe, ukuphathwa ngokulinganayo โngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo, njengobuhlanga, ibala, ubulili, ulimi, inkolo, ipolitiki noma omunye umbono, ubuzwe noma inhlalo, impahla, ukuzalwa noma esinye isikhundlaโ, ezijezisweni ezinonya nezingajwayelekile njengokuhlushwa, ukungashadi ngempoqo nokunye nokunye. I-Neoliberal capitalism iya ngokuya ingahambisani hhayi nentando yeningi kuphela, kodwa nokuhlonishwa kancane kwamalungelo abantu.
Umthelela Womhlaba
Okokuqala okumele kushiwo ukuthi ukukhethwa kukaDonald Trump kuyizindlela eziningi ukwehlulwa konxiwankulu baseMelika. Kubuhlungu kabi isithunzi se-United States ukuthi umuntu onjalo angaba ngumengameli waseMelika. Kungenzeka kudale ubutha obukhulu bomphakathi emhlabeni wonke ezinhlelweni zase-US mayelana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, impi kanye nobuzwe bezomnotho.
Nakuba ngokungangabazeki amabutho amaningi aphikisayo akhuthazekile ngokunqoba kukaTrump, iphrofayili yakhe yamazwe ngamazwe yenza uxhaso lwakhe lube isibusiso esixubile: uNigel Farage angase azisole ngokuncoma kwakhe uTrump. Ngaphezu kokungqubuzana nezigaba zonxiwankulu baseMelika, umugqa kaTrump 'America First' nakanjani uzoholela ekushubeni okukhulu kwezombusazwe nabaholi bonxiwankulu baseYurophu. Kungenzeka sibone inkathi yezinxushunxushu ezinkulu zezombangazwe nezomnotho, umphumela onembayo kanye nobubanzi esingeke sikwazi ukubikezela ngokuqondile. Okuguquguqukayo okukhulu kufaka phakathi ukuthi ilungelo elidlulele e-Europe liyazuza yini enye inzuzo enkulu, izinga lokungqubuzana kwe-US ne-China, noma ngabe kukhona ukungezwani no-Vladimir Putin nokuthi, futhi ngasiphi isivinini, umnotho womhlaba uyakhubeka.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ingxenye yokuthuthela kwesokudla emhlabeni wonke cishe kuyinhlekelele ebulalayo 'yokuhlalisana kwabantu ekhulwini lama-21' eLatin America. Uhulumeni we-PT uwile, uhulumeni waseMaduro eVenezuela usenkingeni enkulu futhi u-Evo Morales uvinjezelwe eBolivia. Ukuwa kwalezi zinhlelo zenguquko ezinqala kuzoba yinto edabukisayo enxele emazweni ngamazwe, ikakhulukazi eLatin America. Kufanele sithumele idokhumenti ebucayi e-Latin America kwesokunxele futhi sibe nengxoxo kuyo yonke inhlangano ngaphambi kokuthi kwenziwe noma yiziphi izahlulelo ezisheshayo nezilula.
Ukungena kukaTrump emandleni kuyingxenye yenqubo yokuvela kwamadoda angakwesokudla, amadoda anamandla (ikakhulukazi amadoda) emhlabeni wonke, isici esisobala salesi simo - uModi ENdiya, u-Erdogan eTurkey, uDuterte ePhilippines kanye no-al-Sisi. eGibhithe ziyizibonelo ezisobala. Lokho uGilbert Achcar (emva kweGramsci) akubiza ngokuthi Izimpawu Ezibuhlungu 'ziningi futhi akhulume ngobuqaba bonxiwankulu akuselona ihaba, kodwa lapha namanje.
Kufanele silandele ukulwa kwe-United States ngokuningiliziwe futhi sihlanganise ngokubambisana. Kodwa ekuhlaziyeni kokugcina ngeke kuphele usizi nokusabela ngaphandle kokwakhiwa kwendlela eqinile, emelene nonxiwankulu e-United States nasemhlabeni jikelele. Naphezu kobunzima balo msebenzi, siyazi kusukela ngoJanuwari 21st ukuthi kukhona izethameli zomhlaba wonke zale phrojekthi.
amanothi
(1) http://www.resist.org.uk/global/social-forums/esf-florence-2002/lessons-of-success/
(2) http://biblio.co.uk/book/capital-twenty-first-century-piketty-thomas/d/925710540?aid=frg&utm_source=google&utm_medium=product&utm_campaign=feed-details&gclid=CJrWkeCR2NECFQMM0wodyysL5w
(3) http://biblio.co.uk/book/morbid-symptoms-achcar-gilbert/d/882662905
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Nikela