Isiphetho senkampani yabezindaba okuwukuphela kwayo eVenezuela ezothathwa ngabasebenzi bayo manje kusezandleni zikaMongameli uHugo Chávez kanye nabaphathi bakhe.
Zidudulelwa odongeni isinqumo sabaqashi bazo sokuyeka ibhizinisi—ngemuva kokuhlala izinyanga ezine bengaholi—izisebenzi zamaphephandaba amabili amancane aphuma nsuku zonke anyatheliswa eMérida zenza okuwukuphela kwento ezaziyicabanga. Abasebenzi abayishumi nesikhombisa ku I-Cambio de Siglo futhi I-Diario El Vigía bathathe indawo yabo yokusebenza ngo-Okthoba 4. Baphanyeka isibhengezo esenziwe ekhaya simemezela ukuthi “Lawula i-Obrero” (ephethwe isisebenzi) esitezi sesibili samahhovisi amaphepha ku-Ave. 5 enkabeni yedolobha, futhi waqala umsebenzi oqhubeke imini nobusuku kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Ekupheleni kukaNovemba, baqala ukukhipha izinhlelo ezihlangene zamasonto onke zamaphephandaba amabili.
I-Venezuela inamabhizinisi aphethwe abasebenzi emikhakheni eminingi, kodwa lesi senzo “asakaze sibe khona,” ngokusho kukaHugo Peña weNational Workers' Union (Unete), ongomunye wemifelandawonye yezinyunyana zaseVenezuela. "Awekho amanye amacala eqembu labasebenzi elithatha isinqumo sokulawula umsakazo," kusho uPeña, umxhumanisi we-Unete weMérida.
Cishe bonke abasebenzi e I-Cambio de Siglo /I-Diario El Vigía bayagcizelela ukuthi abafuni ukubona isenzo sabo "sinepolitiki" futhi sisetshenziswa abaphikisayo kanye nabezindaba bamazwe ngamazwe ukubhebhethekisa imizwa emelene noChávez. Bamane bafuna ukubona amalungelo abo ehlonishwa, futhi bathole inkokhelo nezinzuzo okufanele bazikhokhe.
“Sithathe isinyathelo sokwenza isimo sethu saziwe,” kusho umhleli wekhophi uKira Fuentes. “Sifuna abantu baseseke njengabasebenzi nangabantu abadlule ezintweni eziningi ngokungaholelwa, futhi kufanele ukuthi amalungelo ethu ahlonishwe.”
Noma kunjalo, ngaphansi kokulawula kwabo abasebenzi baye bashintsha I-Cambio de Siglo/DiarioEl Vigia kusuka ezinhlakeni zamaqembu aphikisayo kuya ephepheni elilodwa lomphakathi elinesibopho elethula uhla olugcwele lwezindaba nezemidlalo zendawo, zezwe kanye nezwe, kanye nokuphawula okuzwelana nenqubo yase-Bolivarian.
“Nsuku zonke, I-Cambio de Siglo bekuwumthombo wolwazi oluphikisana noguquko,” kusho uJavier Montsalve, intatheli kanye nomqondisi wezokuxhumana esiShayamthetho Sesifunda SaseMérida. "Manje seseka uguquko, futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni abantu benolwazi," esho.
Abanikazi be I-Cambio de Siglo futhi I-Diario El Vigía, u-Julio Marcolli kanye no-Alcides Montsalve, bangosomabhizinisi abakhulu nabaphikisi ngezwi likaMongameli uChávez nezinqubomgomo zakhe. UJulio Marcolli uyingcweti yokwakha kanye nezakhiwo ezithengiswayo eVenezuela nasePuerto Rico, kanti u-Alcides Montsalve ungumqondisi wophiko lwesokudla nsuku zonke. Umngcele.
“[Abanikazi] basebenzise iphepha [I-Cambio de Siglo] njengendlela yokungcolisa uChávez nohulumeni,” kusho uJavier Montsalve.
Eminyakeni emibili edlule, abanikazi ababili nabo baphule cishe zonke izigatshana zomthetho wezabasebenzi waseVenezuela, La Ley Organica del Trabajo. Kusukela ngo-2007, baye bahluleka ukukhokha ohlelweni Lokuvikeleka Komphakathi, nakuba bethathe imali ebanjwayo emalini ekhokhwa abasebenzi. Baphinde bayeka ukukhokha esikhwameni somhlalaphansi sabasebenzi, nokwenza amadiphozithi adingekayo ngaphansi kwe I-Ley de Política Habitacional, okuyinto isiza abasebenzi ukuthi bathenge izindlu. Ngo-2009, bayeka ukukhokhela “ama-cestatickets,” noma izinzuzo zokudla zabasebenzi, futhi abazange bahole ngemva kukaJuni 2010.
Abasebenzi bateleka izinsuku ezingu-12 ngoMeyi 2010 kwathi ezinye eziyisishiyagalombili ngoJuni kodwa baqhubeka nokucisha amaphepha kwaze kwaba uSepthemba bengaholi. Ngemva kohlelo lwango-September 6, abanikazi bawo bavala amaphepha ngaphandle kwesaziso, incazelo, nanoma iyiphi inkulumo yokuthi bahlela ukukhokhela kanjani izisebenzi lokho okwakufuneka. Abamele abanikazi babelokhu bethembisa izinkokhelo ezingazange zenzeke. U-Alcides Monsalve, ongumnikazi wedlanzana, uthe uzimisele ukukhokhela abasebenzi amaphesenti angama-25 emali abayiholayo uma beyeka umsebenzi, kodwa kuphelele lapho. Njengendlela yokugcina, abasebenzi banqume ukuthatha imboni ngomhlaka-4 Okthoba.
"Kwakungamukelekile ukuthi sikhiphe iphepha emgwaqweni nsuku zonke ngokuzikhandla okukhulu, umsebenzi nokuzidela, futhi abanikazi bamane bawashaya indiva amalungelo ethu njengabasebenzi nabantu," kusho uLisbeth Barrotea, omunye wabaculi abadwebayo.
Ngosuku lokuqala lokuthatha izintambo, abasebenzi babehlangana njalo ngemva kwamahora amathathu noma amane, kusho uBarrotea. Bazihlele baba amashifu amathathu ukuze bahlale bekhona embonini.
“Kwakungakhululeki ngalobo busuku bokuqala,” kusho yena. “Sasingenayo imicamelo futhi sasilala kosofa nasezihlalweni.” Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezalandela zomsebenzi, baletha omatilasi nemicamelo, ukudla okuphekiwe nge-hotplate kanye ne-microwave.
“Silungiselela futhi sihlanganyele ukudla, sicule futhi silalele umculo,” kusho uJudith Vega, intatheli eyodwa esebenzela abasebenzi. “Siwumndeni lapha.”
Abasebenzi abangu-16 abasele kulo msebenzi—abesifazane abayisishiyagalolunye nabesilisa abayisikhombisa—nabo bahlanganyela ngayo yonke imisebenzi yephepha, kusukela kwezokuphatha kuye ekunyatheliseni, futhi benza zonke izinqumo mayelana nesiqondiso nokuqukethwe kwephepha ngokuhlanganyela. Benza isabelomali, futhi nakuba behlanganise izindleko, bakwazile ukuzinika amaholo amancane.
Ukwakha ukwesekwa kwempi yabo kube nzima kakhulu kunalokho abebekucabanga.
“Abaningi esasingakaze sicabange ukuthi bangabangane abakaze bangqongqoze emnyango,” kusho uVega, “kodwa abaningi esasingabazi bayasiza.” Abafundi baseBolivarian University of Mérida, okuhlanganisa nabaningi abenza izifundo zobuntatheli neVega, basize ngakho konke kusukela ekubhaleni nasekudayiseni iphepha. UMkhandlu Wedolobha laseMérida usekele umzabalazo wabo. U-Alexis Ramírez, ngaleso sikhathi owayengumongameli weSishayamthetho Sesifunda SaseMérida, futhi manje oyisekela leSishayamthetho Sikazwelonke, uye wasiza ekuhleleni ukusekelwa kwezomthetho, iminikelo yokudla nolunye usizo lwezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi walethela izingane zabasebenzi izipho ngoKhisimusi.
Nokho asikho esinye isikhulu eqenjini elibusayo i-United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), okuhlanganisa nombusi wezwe, esiwuvume ngokusemthethweni lo mzabalazo. INational Association of Journalists, ehlanganisa abaningi abathi bazinikele ku-Bolivarian Revolution, ithule cwaka mayelana nokuthathwa kwayo. Manje ukusekelwa okubaluleke kakhulu abangakuthola kuzovela kuhulumeni kazwelonke.
"Sicela uhulumeni ukuthi angenelele axazulule le nkinga," kusho u-Edgar Sáenz, inhloko yezokukhiqiza kuleli phepha. “Siyethemba ukuthi bazosisiza kwezomnotho ukuze siqhubeke nokukhiqiza iphepha, sivikele umsebenzi wethu futhi sithole namaholo esikweletwa wona.”
Abasebenzi babhalele uMnyango Wezokuxhumana eCaracas ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, bechaza isimo sabo futhi bacela nomhlangano. Balindele impendulo ngethemba. Ukuthi bayaluthola yini usizo oludingekayo noma cha kuyoba uvivinyo lokuzimisela kukahulumeni ukulandela izinkulumo zakhe ezikhuthaza ukulawulwa kwabasebenzi.
“Sinesiqiniseko sokuthi sizothola ukwesekwa esikudingayo ezingeni likazwelonke,” kusho uVega. “Abantu baye bathi, ‘Uma nifuna ukubona uguquko lwangempela, wozani lapha, lapho izisebenzi zithathe khona izintambo futhi ngeke zihambe zize zihlonishwe amalungelo azo, lapho abasebenzi sebethathele khona abezindaba okokuqala ngqa lapha eVenezuela. '”
Isizindalwazi esisha se-Cambio de Siglo /I-Diario El Vigía isakhiwa. Ukuze uhlale uxhumene nabasebenzi okwamanje, ungabathola ku-Facebook njengeI-Cambio Vigia.
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UMarcy Rein ungumbhali nomhleli ozisebenzelayo oseneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-25 ebika ngokunyakaza komphakathi. Umsebenzi wakhe wakamuva uyavela kumagazini Ubuhlanga, Ubumpofu kanye Nemvelo, www.urbanhabitat.org/rpe. Angatholakala ku-marcyrein(a)yahoo.com.
UClifton Ross uqondise ifilimu ethi, “Venezuela: Revolution from the Inside Out.” Incwadi yakhe yezinkondlo, ethi, "Translations From Silence" iwine i-Josephine Miles Award for Literary Excellence evela ePEN, Oakland. Angatholakala ku-clifross(a)gmail.com.
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