Isazi-mlando uHoward Zinn usitshela ukuthi amadoda nabesifazane base-Arawak, benqunu, becwathile, futhi begcwele ukumangala, baphuma kanjani emadolobhaneni abo bangena ogwini lwesiqhingi futhi babhukuda baphumela ngaphandle ukuze basibukisise lesi sikebhe esikhulu esiyinqaba. Lapho uColumbus namatilosi akhe befika ogwini, bephethe izinkemba, bekhuluma ngendlela engavamile, ama-Arawak agijima eyobabingelela, abalethela ukudla, amanzi, nezipho. Kamuva uColumbus wabhala ngalokhu ohlwini lwakhe. Nakhu akubhalile:
โBasilethele opholi namabhola akotini nemikhonto nokunye okuningi abakushintsha ngobuhlalu bengilazi nezinsimbi zoklebe, badayisa ngokuzithandela ngakho konke ababenakho, bakhiwe kahle, benemizimba emihle futhi bebukeka kahle. bangaphathi izikhali, futhi abazazi, ngokuba ngababonisa inkemba, bayibamba ngosiko, bazisika ngokungazi, abanansimbi, imikhonto yabo yenziwe ngomoba, benza izinceku ezinhle. Amadoda angama-50 singawanqoba wonke futhi siwenze enze noma yini esiyifunayo."
Futhi ngakho-ke ukunqoba kwaqala, futhi i-Thanotocracy - umbuso wokufa - yavulwa ezwenikazi amaNdiya abizwa ngokuthi "Turtle Island."
Cishe usuyazi kakade ingxenye enhle yendaba: Indlela Ibutho Lezempi likaColumbus elathatha ngayo abantu base-Arawak neTaino iziboshwa futhi laphikelela ukuthi limyise emthonjeni wegolide labo, ababelisebenzisa emihlotsheni emincane esezindlebeni zabo. Futhi kanjani, ngokudelela okukhulu nonya, uColumbus wathatha amanye amaNdiya amaningi iziboshwa wawafaka emkhunjini i-Nina ne-Pinta - i-Santa Maria ekhungathekile esiqhingini sase-Hispaรฑola (namuhla, iDominican Republic neHaiti). Lapho abanye benqaba ukuboshwa, bajeziswa ngezinkemba futhi bopha baze bafa. Khona-ke i-Nina ne-Pinta bahamba ngomkhumbi baya e-Azores naseSpain. Phakathi nohambo olude, iziboshwa eziningi zaseNdiya zafa. Nansi ingxenye yombiko kaColumbus kuNdlovukazi u-Isabella kanye neNkosi uFerdinand yaseSpain:
"AmaNdiya awanangqondo futhi akhululekile ngezinto zawo kangangokuthi akekho noyedwa ongakaze azibonele ongakholwa. Uma ucela okuthile anakho awalokothi akwenqabe. Kunalokho, athembisa ukwabelana nanoma ubani." UColumbus waphetha umbiko wakhe ngokucela usizo oluncane eNkosini neNdlovukazi, futhi ngokubuyisela wayezobaletha "igolide eliningi abalidingayo, nezigqila eziningi njengoba becela."
UColumbus wabuyela eNew World - "entsha" kubantu baseYurophu, okungukuthi - enemikhumbi engu-17 namadoda angaphezu kwe-1,200. Umgomo wabo wawucacile: Izigqila, negolide. Bahamba besuka esiqhingini baye kwesinye esiqhingini saseCaribbean, bethumba amaNdiya. Kodwa izwi lasakazeka phambi kwabo. Ngesikhathi befika eFort Navidad eHaiti, amaTaino ayesevuke abulala wonke amatilosi ayeshiywe ohambweni lokugcina, ngemva kokuba ezulazule esiqhingini ngamaqembu ezigelekeqe edlwengula abesifazane futhi ethatha izingane nabesifazane njengezigqila. Kamuva uColumbus wabhala: โMasiqhubeke egameni likaZiqu-zintathu Ongcwele sithumele zonke izigqila ezingathengiswa. AmaNdiya aqala ukulwa, kodwa awazange afane nabanqobi baseSpain, nakuba babebadlula kakhulu. Eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili, amadoda kaColumbus abulala amaNdiya angaphezu kuka-100,000 3 eHaiti kuphela. Sekukonke, befa njengezigqila ezimayini, noma babulawa ngokuqondile, noma bebulawa izifo ezalethwa eCaribbean ngabaseSpain, abantu baseNdiya abangaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu babulawa phakathi kuka-1494 no-1508.
Lokho uColumbus akwenza kuma-Arawak aseBahamas namaTaino aseCaribbean, uCortez akwenza kuma-Aztec aseMexico, uPizarro kuma-Inca asePeru, kanye nezifiki ezingamaNgisi zaseVirginia naseMassachusetts kumaPowhatans namaPequots. Izigidi ezingokoqobo zabantu bomdabu zabulawa. Futhi igolide, izigqila nezinye izinsiza zasetshenziswa, e-Europe, ukukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho omusha wemali okhuphuka ngenxa ye-feudalism. UKarl Marx kamuva uzokubiza lokhu "ukuqoqwa kwezimali zokuqala." Lezi kwakuyiziqalo ezinodlame zohlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwezobuchwepheshe, ibhizinisi, ezombangazwe namasiko olwaluzobusa umhlaba eminyakeni engamakhulu amahlanu ezayo.
Konke lokhu kwakuyimibandela ye-Thanksgiving yokuqala. Emakoloni amaNgisi aseNyakatho Melika, iphethini yamiswa kusenesikhathi, njengoba uColumbus ayeyibeke eziqhingini zaseBahamas. Ngo-1585, ngaphambi kokuba kube khona indawo yokuhlala yamaNgisi unomphela eVirginia, uRichard Grenville wafika lapho nemikhumbi eyisikhombisa. AmaNdiya ahlangana nawo ayenomoya wokungenisa izihambi, kodwa lapho elinye lawo lintshontsha inkomishi encane yesiliva, uGrenville wawuchitha futhi wawushisa wonke umuzi wamaNdiya.
I-Jamestown colony yasungulwa eVirginia ngo-1607, ngaphakathi kwendawo ye-Indian confederacy, eholwa yinduna, uPowhatan. UPowhatan wabuka amaNgisi ezinza emhlabeni wabantu bakubo, kodwa akazange ahlasele. Futhi amaNgisi aqala ukulamba. Abanye babo babaleka bazihlanganisa namaNdiya, lapho babezophakelwa khona okungenani. Ngempela, phakathi nezikhathi zokubusa kwamakoloni amashumi ezinkulungwane zezinceku, iziboshwa nezigqilaโezivela eWales naseScotland kanye nase-Afrikaโzabaleka ukuze ziyohlala emiphakathini yamaNdiya, ziganiselana, futhi zikhulisele izingane zazo lapho.
Ehlobo lika-1610 umbusi wase-Jamestown koloni wacela u-Powhatan ukuthi abuyise ababalekile, ababehlala ngokugcwele phakathi kwamaNdiya. UPowhatan ushiye ukukhetha kulabo ababalekile, futhi akekho owayefuna ukubuyela emuva. Umbusi waseJamestown wabe esethumela amasosha ukuba ayoziphindiselela. Behlela emphakathini wamaNdiya, babulala amaNdiya ali-15 noma ali-16, bashisa izindlu, bagawula ummbila owawutshalwa endaweni, bathatha umholi wesifazane wesizwe nezingane zakhe babafaka ezikebheni, bagcina ngokujikijela izingane emanzini badubula izingane zabo. ubuchopho emanzini. Umholi wesifazane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wehliswa esikebheni wagwazwa washona.
Ngo-1621, izenzo zonya ezenziwa amaNgisi zase zikhulile, futhi izindaba zasakazeka kuwo wonke amadolobhana aseNdiya. AmaNdiya alwa, abulala amakoloni angama-347. Kusukela lapho kwaba yimpi ephelele. Engakwazi ukugqilaza amaNdiya izikhulu zamaNgisi zanquma ukuwaqeda.
Kwabe sekufika amaPilgrim.
Lapho amaPilgrim efika eNew England nawo ayengezi ezweni elingenalutho kodwa endaweni eyayihlala izizwe zamaNdiya. Indaba ithi amaPilgrim, ayengamaKristu ehlelo lamaPuritan, ayebalekela ukushushiswa ngokwenkolo eYurophu. Babebalekele eNgilandi baya eHolland, futhi basuka lapho bagibela iMayflower, lapho befika khona ePlymouth Rock endaweni manje ebizwa ngokuthi iMassachusetts.
Ukushushiswa ngokwenkolo noma cha, ngokushesha baphendukela enkolweni yabo ukuze bathethelele ukushushisa kwabo abanye. Banxusa iBhayibheli, iHubo 2:8 : โCela kimi, ngiyakukunika abezizwe babe yifa lakho, nemikhawulo yomhlaba ibe yimpahla yakho. Ukuze bathethelele ukusebenzisa kwabo amandla ukuze bathathe izwe, bacaphuna amaRoma 13:2 : โNgakho-ke omelana namandla, umelana nesimiso sikaNkulunkulu;
AmaPuritan ayehlala esivumelwaneni esingakhululekile namaNdiya asePequot, ayehlala endaweni manje eyiningizimu yeConnecticut neRhode Island. Kodwa babefuna basuke endleleni; babefuna umhlaba wabo. Futhi babonakala befuna ukumisa ukubusa kwabo ngokuqinile phezu kwezifiki zaseConnecticut kuleyo ndawo.
Ngo-1636 uhambo oluhlomile lwasuka eBoston luyohlasela amaNdiya aseNarragansett eBlock Island. AmaNgisi afika futhi abulala amaNdiya athile, kodwa amanye acasha emahlathini aminyene esiqhingini futhi amaNgisi ayesuka komunye umuzi ongenamuntu eya komunye, ebhubhisa izitshalo. Base behamba ngomkhumbi babuyela ezweni futhi bahlasela izigodi zasePequot ngasogwini, baphinde bacekela phansi izitshalo.
AmaNgisi aqhubeka eshisa amawigwa esigodi. Bashisa imizi ngemizi. Njengomunye wezazi zenkolo eziholayo zosuku lwakhe, uDkt. Cotton Mather wakubeka: โKwakucatshangwa ukuthi imiphefumulo yamaPequot engekho ngaphansi kuka-600 yehliselwa esihogweni ngalolo suku. Futhi uCotton Mather, ebambe ibhayibheli lakhe, wakhuthaza amaNgisi ukuba abulale amaNdiya amaningi egameni lobuKristu.
AmaNdiya ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amathathu abulawa eNew England eminyakeni embalwa elandelayo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela: AmaNgisi avamile ayengayifuni le mpi futhi ngokuvamile, ngokuvamile, ayenqaba ukulwa. Abanye ongqondongqondo baseYurophu abafana noRoger Williams bakhuluma ngokumelene nakho. Futhi amanye amakoloni angaphambili ajoyina amaNdiya aze athatha izikhali ngokumelene nabahlaseli baseNgilandi. Kwakuyizikhulu zamaPuritan ezazifuna impi, impi yezwe, igolide, amandla. Futhi, ekugcineni, inani lamaNdiya ayizigidi eziyishumi elaliseNyakatho Melika lapho uColumbus efika lehla laba ngaphansi kwesigidi.
Indlela abantu baseNdiya abahlukene ababephila ngayo - ngokuhlanganyela, ngokuvumelana, bethatha izinqumo ngemikhandlu yezizwe, isizwe ngasinye sinobudlelwane obuhlukene bobulili/ bomshado, lapho ubulili obuhlukahlukene bebuqhutshwa njengenjwayelo - kwaqhathaniseka kakhulu nezimiso eziyisisekelo zamaPuritan zobuKristu. KumaPuritan, amadoda ayenqumela yonke into, kuyilapho kumfelandawonye wase-Iroquois wesifunda manje esiyiNew York, abesifazane babekhetha amadoda amelela imindeni emikhandlwini yamadolobhana neyezizwe; kwakungabesifazane ababenomthwalo wemfanelo wokunquma ukuthi baye empini noma cha. Umbono wobuKristu wokubusa kwabesilisa kanye nokuthotshiswa kwabesifazane wawungekho ngokusobala emphakathini wama-Iroquois.
Kwakunokwehluka okuningi kwamasiko: Ama-Iroquois awazange asebenzise isijeziso esinzima ezinganeni. Abazange bagcizelele ekukhishweni kokuqala noma ukuqeqeshwa kwendlu yangasese kusenesikhathi, kodwa kancane kancane bavumela ingane ukuba ifunde ukuzinakekela. Futhi, babengakholelwa ebunikazini bomhlaba; balisebenzisa izwe, bahlala kulo. Umqondo wobunikazi wawungenangqondo, ungenangqondo. AmaKristu aseYurophu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngomoya wonxiwankulu abasafufusa, ayefuna ukuba ngabanikazi nokulawula yonke into - ngisho nezingane kanye nabanye abantu. Ngakho umfundisi wesonto lamaPilgrim, uJohn Robinson, weluleka amalungu esonto lakhe: โFuthi ngokuqinisekile kuzo zonke izingane kunenkani, nobulukhuni bengqondo obubangelwa ukuqhosha okungokwemvelo, okufanele, okokuqala, kubhidlizwe futhi kushaywe phansi; ngakho-ke isisekelo semfundo yabo esibekwe ekuthobekeni nasekuthathekeni, ezinye izimfanelo ezinhle, ngesikhathi sazo, zingakhiwa phezu kwaso." Wangena lowo mqondo.
Omunye wamakholoni wathi inhlupho eyayibhubhise abantu basePatuxet - inhlanganisela yobugqila, ukubulawa amakoloni kanye nezifo - "kwakuwukulungiselela Okumangalisayo KweNkosi uJesu Kristu Ngokunikeza Kwakhe Indawo Yakhe Yokuhlala Ezweni LaseNtshonalanga." AmaPilgrim aphuca amathuna eWampanoag ukudla okwakungcwatshwe nabafile ngenxa yezizathu zenkolo. Kwakuthi uma amaPilgrim ebona ukuthi abhekiwe, ayedubula ama-Wampanoag, awahlinze. I-Scalping yayingaziwa phakathi kwaboMdabu baseMelika eNew England ngaphambi kokwethulwa kwayo amaNgisi, aqala lo mkhuba ngokunikeza amakhanda ezitha zawo futhi kamuva amukela isikhumba sekhanda.
"Ucabangani ngempucuko yaseNtshonalanga?" UMahatma Gandhi wabuzwa ngawo-1940. UGandhi waphendula wathi: "Impucuko YaseNtshonalanga? Ngicabanga ukuthi kungaba umqondo omuhle." Ngakho-ke kungena "Impucuko," impucuko yaseYurophu yobuKristu, "ibutho lempucuko" elalingenakusongelwa kakhulu yisiphithiphithi esihle samaNdiya ahlangana nabo, futhi bawabulala.
Lawa amaPuritan amaNdiya "awasindisa", futhi esiwagubha eholidini, i-Thanksgiving. I-Tisquantum, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Squanto, ilungu lesizwe samaNdiya sasePatuxet. USamoset, wesizwe samaNdiya Wabonake, owayehlala eMaine. Baya emadolobhaneni amaPuritan futhi, sebefunde ukukhuluma isiNgisi, balethela amaPilgrim alambile nabandayo inyama yenyamazane nezikhumba ze-beaver. I-Tisquantum yahlala nabo futhi yabasiza ukuba baphile iminyaka yabo yokuqala ezweni labo Elisha. Wabafundisa indlela yokuhamba emanzini, ukudoba nokutshala ummbila neminye imifino. Waveza izitshalo ezinobuthi futhi wabonisa ukuthi ezinye izitshalo zingasetshenziswa kanjani njengemithi. Waphinde wabonisana ngesivumelwano sokuthula phakathi kwamaPilgrim namaMassasoit, induna eyinhloko yamaWampanoag, isivumelwano esingawanikezi lutho amaPilgrim namaNdiya. Futhi leso sivumelwano saphulwa ngokushesha. Konke lokhu kugujwa njenge-Thanksgiving yokuqala.
Owami umuzwa? AmaNdiya bekufanele ayeke amaPilgrim afe. Kodwa abakwazanga ukukwenza lokho. Ubuntu babo babenza basiza abanye abantu abaswele. Futhi ngalolo xhumo oluhle, lwabantu, olunothando bona - kanye nathi esingewona amaNdiya - bakhokha inani elibi: Ukuqothulwa kohlanga kwezakhamuzi zasekuqaleni zaseTurtle Island, manje okuyiMelika.
Ake sibheke isibonelo esisodwa samanani amaPuritan โ okungewona, ngiyaphinda, amanani wamanani wesigaba sabasebenzi samaNgisi โesiwabongayoโ kuleli holide. Isibonelo seMaypole, neMayday.
Ngo-1517, ngemva kweminyaka engu-25 uColumbus efike okokuqala eBahamas, iqembu labasebenzi abangamaNgisi laba nokuvukela okukhulu. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izinhlangano. INkosi uHenry VIII yaletha amabhange aseLombard e-Italy nabathengisi abavela eFrance ukuze banciphise amaholo, bandise amahora, futhi baphule izinhlangano. Lomfelandawonye phakathi kwezezimali zamazwe ngamazwe, inhloko-dolobha kazwelonke kanye nezicukuthwane zezempi wawusemkhankasweni wokuhlanganisa izwe lama-imperialism.
Izisebenzi ezisencane zaseLondon zaziphindiselela kubathengisi. Amahemuhemu ayimfihlo athi ukufana - umbono womphakathi ohlangene ozomelana nabacebile, abathengisi, osozimboni, izikhulu kanye nabaninimhlaba - kuzovela ngoMeyi Day. INkosi neNkosi yethuka - abaninikhaya babehlomile, kwamenyezelwa isikhathi sokubuya ekhaya. Abafana ababili abezwanga ngesikhathi sokubuya ekhaya (baphuthelwe u-Dan Kunalokho ku-tv). Baboshwa. Kwaphuma umkikizo wokubuthana, kwagasela izisebenzi ezingu-700 emajele, zajikijela izitini, amanzi ashisayo, namatshe. Iziboshwa zakhululwa. Indlu yonxiwankulu waseFrance yalahlwa kudoti.
Kwabe sekufika ingcindezelo: Kwaqhunyiswa izinganono edolobheni. Amakhulu amathathu aboshwa, amasosha azulazula emigwaqweni, futhi kwenziwa isimemezelo sokuthi akukho besifazane abavunyelwe ukuhlangana ndawonye, โโnokuthi wonke amadoda kufanele "agcine abafazi babo ezindlini zabo." Iziboshwa zazilethwa emigwaqweni ziboshwe ngezintambo. Abanye kwakungabantwana. Kwamiswa izigxobo eziyishumi nanye kulo lonke idolobha. Abaningi balengiswa. Iziphathimandla azizange zibonise umusa, kodwa zabonisa unya oludlulele.
Ngakho-ke i-Thanatocracy eyesabekayo, umbuso wokufa, yasungulwa njengempendulo yesiphithiphithi sabasebenzi ekuqaleni konxiwankulu. Izibhelu zeMay Day zadalwa ukudliwa komhlaba (abantu asebekhishwe ezindaweni zabo ababezisebenzise emakhulwini eminyaka befana), kanye nokuxhashazwa (abantu babengenayo imisebenzi, njengoba ubukhosi babungenisa inhlokodolobha). Abagqugquzeli nabelaphi besifazane bekilasi labasebenzi abafaka enye indlela esikhundleni sobungxiwankulu bamapatriarchal - bashiswa esigxotsheni njengabathakathi. Indawo ebiyelwe, ukunqotshwa, indlala, impi kanye nesifo esiwumshayabhuqe kwacekela phansi abantu okwathi, ngokulahlekelwa yizinto zabo ezivamile, balahlekelwa indawo yokubeka iMaypole yabo.
Kungazelelwe, iMaypole yaba uphawu lokuvukela. Ngo-1550 iPhalamende lakhipha umyalo wokubhujiswa kweMaypoles (njengoba nje, phakathi nempi yaseVietnam, ibutho lezempi elalisekelwa yi-US eSaigon lavimbela ukwenziwa kwayo yonke indwangu ebomvu, njengoba yayithungelwa emafulegeni aluhlaza, aphuzi nabomvu e-National Liberation Front. ).
Ngo-1664, ngasekupheleni kwempi yamaPuritan namaNdiya angamaPequot, amaPuritan eNgilandi awuqeda nya uSuku lukaMay. Ayewanqobile amaNdiya, futhi ayezama ukunqoba ukuvukela okwandayo kwabasebenzi nasekhaya.
Nakuba abahumushi beBhayibheli bashiswa, incwadi yayo yokugcina, isAmbulo, yaba incwadi emelene nokugunyazwa ewusizo kulabo ababeyoguqula izwe lamaPuritan, njengeFamily of Love, ama-Anabaptist, ama-Diggers, Levellers, Ranters, kanye UThomas Morton, indoda eyaya eMerry Mount ngo-1626 eQuincy Mass, futhi nabangane bayo abangamaNdiya babeka iMaypole yokuqala eMelika, bedelela ukubusa kwamaPuritan.
AmaPuritans ayibhubhisa, amdingisa, ahlupha amaNdiya, futhi alengisa ongqingili namaQuaker. UMorton wayezizele yedwa, engumuntu wesikebhe, isifiki. Kwaba njalo no-Anna Lee, owafika eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, isikhulu saseManchester esasungula ukuphila komphakathi, amaShaker ahlukanisa ubulili, adumisa uNkulunkulu ngomdanso ojabulisayo, futhi owaqhuba amaPuritan phezulu odongeni.
Indaba yeMaypole njengophawu lokuvukela yaqhubeka. Kwawela amasiko futhi kwaqhubeka phakathi neminyaka. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1800, amaSioux aqala uMdanso Womoya embuthanweni, โnesihlahla esikhulu sikaphayini phakathi nendawo, esasimbozwe ngemicu yendwangu enemibala ehlukahlukene, izimpaphe zokhozi, izinyoni ezigxishiwe, izinzipho, nezimpondo, konke okwakunikelwa uMoya Omkhulu." Abazange bayibize ngeMaypole badansela ubumbano lwawo wonke amaNdiya, ukubuya kwabafileyo, nokuxoshwa kwabahlaseli ngosuku oluthile, mhla zizi-4 kuNtulikazi, kodwa uma kungenjalo kwakungase kube yiMayday. !
I-Wovoka, i-Nevada Paiute, iyiqalile. Ephuciwe, wagunda izinwele zakhe. Ukuze athenge ikhabe wayegibela ama-boxcars ukuze ayosebenza emasimini e-Oregon hop ukuze athole amaholo amancane, exhashazwa. AmaNdiya asePuget Sound ayenenkolo entsha - ayeka ukuphuza utshwala, aqala ukungena, futhi adansa izinsuku ezinhlanu, eqhaqhazela, ebiza umhlaba wawo, njengamaShakers! U-Wovoka wabuyisela lokhu eNevada: "Wonke amaNdiya kufanele adanse, yonke indawo, aqhubeke nokudansa." Ngokushesha base. I-Porcupine ithathe umdanso yawela ama-Rockies yaya eSioux. I-Red Cloud kanye ne-Sitting Bull baqhubekisele phambili unyawo lwesokunxele belandela kwesokudla, kucishe kube nzima ukuphakamisa izinyawo ukusuka phansi. I-Federal Agents ivimbele i-Ghost Dance! Bathi bekuyimbangela yokugqashuka kokugcina kweSioux, njengoba nje amaPuritan ayethi iMaypole idale izibhelu zabasebenzi baseMay Day, njengoba nje amaShaker ayedansa abantu ebafaka emphakathini futhi ebakhipha ebuPuritanism.
NgoDisemba 29 1890 uHulumeni (ngezibhamu zeHotchkiss ephonsa amagobolondo aqhuma amaphawundi angu-2 ngomzuzu we-50 - njalo ethuthukisa izikhali ezintsha!) wabulala amadoda angaphezu kuka-300, abesifazane nezingane e-Wounded Knee. Njengokuqothulwa kwesizwe kwe-Waco, noma ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu kwe-MOVE e-Philadelphia, uMbuso ukhiphe isibopho. I-Bureau of Ethnology yathumela uJames Mooney ukuthi ayophenya. Phakathi kwezinyembezi zikaJanet Reno, wabhala: "AmaNdiya ayenomthwalo wemfanelo wokuthembisana."
Ngo-1970, idolobha lasePlymouth Rock, eMassachusetts labamba, njengoba lenza njalo ngonyaka, uMkhosi Wokubonga onikezwa abantu basedolobheni. Ziningi izinkulumo zezihlwele ezikhona. Ngalowo nyaka - unyaka wokuhlasela okuyimfihlo kukaNixon eCambodia; unyaka kwabulawa abafundi abane eSifundazweni SaseKent kwathi abangu-4 balimala ngenxa yokuphikisana nempi; unyaka abazama ngawo ugesi u-Black Panthers u-Bobby Seale no-Erica Huggins - uMnyango Wezohwebo waseMassachusetts ucele amaNdiya e-Wampanoag ukuthi akhethe isikhulumi esizomaka iminyaka engu-13 yokufika kwamaPilgrim, kanye nokubonga kokuqala.
UFrank James, oyi-Wampanoag, ukhethiwe. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba avunyelwe ukuthi akhulume watshelwa ukuthi abonise ikhophi yenkulumo yakhe kwabamhlophe ababephethe umcimbi. Lapho bebona ayekubhalile, abazange bamvumele ukuba akufunde.
Okokuqala, ukuqothulwa kohlanga. Khona-ke, ukucindezelwa kwazo zonke izingxoxo ngakho.
Yini abantu baseNdiya abathola bebonga ngayo kule Melika? Yini umuntu okufanele ayibonge ekubulaweni kohlanga lwamaNdiya, lolu "suku" olugujwayo? Njengoba sihleli nemikhaya yethu ku-Thanksgiving, sithatha noma yiliphi ithuba esinalo lokuphuma emsebenzini noma emigwaqweni futhi sibe sendaweni efudumele nabantu esibathandayo, siyaqaphela ukuthi zonke izinto okufanele sizibonge azinalutho nhlobo. mayelana namaPilgrim, akukho lutho oluhlangene nomlando waseMelika, nakho konke okuhlobene nokunye, ukuphila kwamakhomanisi angama-anarcho okwakuholwa ngabantu baseNdiya, ngaphambi kokuba babulawe amakholoni, egameni lokwenziwa ngasese kwempahla kanye nenkanuko. okwegolide nokusebenza.
Yebo, ngingumMelika. Kodwa ngingumMelika ovukelayo. Ngivukelwa yiholidi elaziwa ngokuthi yi-Thanksgiving. Ngike ngasolwa ngokufuna ukubuyela emuva ngesikhathi, ngokuphikisana nenqubekela phambili. Kulawo macala, ngiyawavuma amacala. Ngifuna ukubuyela emuva esikhathini lapho abantu behlala ngokuhlanganyela, ngaphambi kokuba unkulunkulu wamakholoni wamakholoni alethwe kulezi zindawo ukuze angcwelise ubuphekula babo, ubugqila babo, inzondo yabo ngezingane, ukucindezela kwabo abesifazane, ukuqothulwa kwabo. Kodwa lokho akunakwenzeka. Ngakho-ke ngibheke phambili ekubhujisweni ngokuphelele kwemishini yokufa eyaziwa ngokuthi iMelikaโhhayi abantu, hhayi izwe elihle, kodwa imishini, uMbuso, ubunxiwankulu, ubuKristu nakho konke obukumelelayo. Ngibheke phambili ekusaseni lapho ngizoba nezingane naseMelika, futhi โฆ zizoba amaNdiya amasha.
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U-Mitchel Cohen ungumhleli we-"Green Politix", iphephandaba likazwelonke le-Greens/Green Party USA, www.greenparty.org, futhi uhlela ne-NoSpray Coalition, www.nospray.org kanye ne-Brooklyn Greens.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela