Ubani owesaba izwi likathisha? Ngokuhlela inyunyana ezikoleni eziqashiwe?
Hhayi nje abasolwa abajwayelekile mayelana nenyunyana, abamele uthisha, imfundo emelene nomphakathi kude kwesokudla. Imicimbi yakamuva e-New York City ihlinzeka ngobufakazi obuqand' ikhanda bokuthi uMnyango wezeMfundo we-NYC kaShansela uJoel Klein kanye neMeya uMike Bloomberg ungumdlali futhi ubambe iqhaza elikhulu kule 'kamu yokwesaba' - nangezindlela, okungenani, abashwiba ngazo. emaphethelweni oMthetho Wokushatha Wesifunda SaseNew York, owenqabela ngokusobala ukusetshenziswa kwemali yomphakathi ukuphikisa imizamo yothisha bezikole eziqashiwe yokuhlela nokuxoxisana ngokuhlanganyela.
Indaba yethu iqala ngoMsombuluko odlule mhla ziyisi-9 kuLwezi, engqungqutheleni ebibanjelwe eNew York City's Harvard Club ebihlanganisa owayenguNobhala kaBush wezeMfundo uRod Paige njengesikhulumi sesidlo sasemini. Kulapho umhleli wengqungquthela, u I-Atlantic Legal Foundation, yethula yayo "Uhlelo Lokumela Izikole Ezisharter." Lo mhlangano wokuqala ubunesihloko esithi โUkulinganisa Inkundla Yokudlala: Lokho Abaholi Besikole SaseNew York Okumele Bakwazi Ngokuhlela Inyunyana. " Kuphawulwe 'ukuphuma' komphakathi โekugwemeni inyunyanaโ kanye nezinkampani zomthetho ezibhidliza izinyunyana emkhakheni weSikole SaseNew York State.
I-ATLANTIC LEGAL FOUNDATION
Iyini i-Atlantic Legal Foundation [ALF]? Ngamazwi ayo, i-ALF ikhuthaza โuhulumeni olinganiselwe, osebenzayo, amabhizinisi amahhala, inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye, ukukhetha kwesikole kanye nesayensi enengqondo enkantolo.โ Kuyingalo esemthethweni yezinkampani ezimelene kakhulu nezinyunyana kanye namaqembu anentshisekelo ekude. Ngaphezu komsebenzi wayo emkhakheni wezikole eziqashiwe, i-ALF ibambe iqhaza elivelele ekuvikeleni izinkampani ezinkulu zamakhemikhali nezowoyela ezimangalweni zezempilo nokuphepha emsebenzini wezemvelo kanye nabasebenzi, ekukhuthazeni ilungelo lebhizinisi lokuqashwa โngentandoโ, lapho abasebenzi bengasebenza khona. aqashwe futhi axoshwe ngaphandle kwenqubo efanele, kanye nesenzo esiphikisayo sokuqinisekisa.
I-ALF ithole uxhaso ku- Sarah Scaife Foundation, lo ULynde noHarry Bradley Foundation, i-Jacquelin Hume Foundation, i-Claude R. Lambe Charitable Foundation, i I-FM Kirby Foundation, lo John M. Olin Foundation, kanye ne-Phillip M. McKenna Foundation. Izisekelo zeBradley, Hume, Kirby kanye ne-Olin zingabasekeli abakhulu be-anti-union I-National Right-to-Work Foundation. IMcKenna Foundation ingumsekeli omkhulu we I-Pennsylvania Right-to-Work inhlangano. Izisekelo ze-Scaife ne-Lambe zinikeza ukwesekwa kwezizathu eziningi ezimelene nenyunyana kanye nezizathu ezifanele kakhulu - igama le-Scaife laduma kuzwelonke ngesikhathi sobumongameli bakaClinton njengoba u-Scaife ephethe imithombo yezindaba enyatheliswayo kanye nezisekelo zomndeni wakwa-Scaife zisekela ngokwezimali okunye ukuhlaselwa okwakunzima kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi, Okudume kakhulu izinsolo zokuthi abakwaClintons babulala uMeluleki waseWhite House uVince Foster.
Esikhathini sawo sokuphila umbiko wonyaka wezi-2004, I-ALF yaqhosha ngendlela eyaphumelela ngayo ekusizeni isikole somshwalense saseNew York esingashiwongo ngegama โsimelane nesicelo senhlangano yenhlangano.โ I-ALF nayo ibisebenza esigcawini sesikole saseNew Jersey. Kukhona i-ALF ilwele sihlehlise isinqumo sikaKhomishana wezeMfundo waseNew Jersey uWilliam Liberia ukuhoxisa umthetho-sisekelo we-Paterson Charter School for Ubuholi Basemadolobheni ngenxa yamaphutha nokungahambi kahle ekusebenzeni kwaso kwezimali, ukuphatha kanye nokuhambisana nemithetho nemithethonqubo yezemfundo. [Izincwadi zoHlelo Lokumela Izikole Zokunxeshezelwa zinamazwi angacacile okudumisa i-ALF evela kunhloko yesikole i-Paterson Charter.] I-ALF iphinde yavikela isikhundla se-Red Bank Charter School. emacaleni abekwe icala lokwamukela izinqubomgomo ezakhulisa kakhulu izinga lokucwasa ngokwebala ezikoleni zomphakathi zesifunda esincane saseMonmouth County ngokuqasha nokugcina isibalo esilinganiselwe sabafundi abamhlophe. E-New Jersey, i-ALF ihlangene ne-E-3 [Imfundo Enhle Kakhulu Yawo Wonke Umuntu], iqembu eliyinhloko lesifundazwe elimela amavawusha.
UJackson LEWIS
Ohlelweni lwayo Lokumela Isikole Somthetho, i-ALF incike cishe ngokuphelele emsebenzini wenkampani emelene nenyunyana, inkampani yabameli, UJackson, Lewis, Schnitzler & Krupman. Phakathi kwamafemu anjalo abameli, uJackson Lewis unedumela elibi kakhulu. Isihloko se-New York Times sango-December 14, 2004, โUyixosha Kanjani Inyunyana? I-South Carolina Factory Ihlinzeka Ngekesi Lencwadi Yokufunda [$],โ ichaza ngokuningiliziwe umkhankaso owenziwa efekthri yebhethri ye-EnerSys, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-Jackson Lewis. Kwaqala ngo-1994, lapho i-International Union of Electrical Workers iqala ukuhlela ukwesekwa efektri, ngemva kokuba abasebenzi bezwakalise ukudumala โngezimpesheni ezincane, abaphathi bobuxhwanguxhwangu, ukusheshiswa kokukhiqiza kanye nezinkinga zokuphepha, ikakhulukazi amazinga okushisa aphezulu nomthofu osetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni. โ Le nkampani yaletha uJackson Lewis ukuthi azosungula umkhankaso omelene nenyunyana, kodwa ngoFebhuwari 23, 1995, iningi labasebenzi lisavota okhethweni lwe-NLRB ukuze luhlangane.
Ngemuva kokunqoba kokhetho lwenyunyana, uJohn Craig, umongameli wale nkampani, utshele izisebenzi zakhe eziphezulu โkudingeka senze noma yini esinayo ukuze sisuse le nyunyana, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ingasibiza ngani.โ Eminyakeni emibili yokuqala ngemva kokhetho, inkampani yenqaba ukuxoxisana futhi yalwa nemiphumela yokhetho lwe-NLRB enkantolo, kuze kube yilapho inkantolo yokudlulisa amacala inquma ukuthi imiphumela iyasebenza. Uma seziqalile izingxoxo, inkampani yathi izodiliza abasebenzi ngaphandle uma inyunyana ivumelana nokwehliswa kwamaholo ngo-10%, nokuncishiswa kwawo kuqedwe wuhlelo lokwabelana ngenzuzo. Becindezelwa yinyunyana kazwelonke, abaholi bezinyunyana zendawo bavuma ngokungananazi. Ukuncishiswa kwafinyelela ku-16%, futhi inkampani yasebenzisa uhlelo lokwabelana ngenzuzo ukuze inikeze abasebenzi โamabhonasi amancane.โ Inyunyana ilethe lawa mabhonasi kumxazululi, okwathi ngemva kweminyaka emibili yokubambezeleka, wakhipha isinqumo ngokumelene nenkampani. Kodwa manje izisebenzi eziningi zayithukuthelela inyunyana, ngemva kweminyaka eyisithupha zinganyuselwa imali, kwase kuqalwa umkhankaso wenyunyana wokukhipha izitifiketi, owawuxhaswe ngemali yenkampani ngokungemthetho futhi welulekwa ngokungemthetho ngabaxhumanisi benkampani. Le nkampani yaxosha ngokungemthetho izikhulu eziyisikhombisa eziphezulu zezinyunyana ngamacala anjengokuthi "ukuqamba amanga" ebufakazini bokuphikisana mayelana namabhonasi okwabelana ngenzuzo, yahoxisa ngokungemthetho ukuqashelwa kwenyunyana, yaqala enye inkathi yokudilizwa ngo-2001, kwathi ngoSepthemba 10, 2001, yavalwa. phansi efektri ngaphandle kokunikeza isaziso somthetho.
Nakuba i-NLRB ngokuvamile ingasebenzi kahle ekuphenduleni kuleyo mikhankaso emelene nenyunyana, isimo kwa-EnerSys sasibi kangangokuthi Ibhodi likhiphe isikhalazo lisola inkampani ngokwephula umthetho wenhlangano okungaphezu kuka-120. Ibhekene nalesi sikhalo, i-EnerSys yakhokha inhlawulo engu-$7.75 million ukuze ixazulule leli cala, futhi yamangalela uJackson Lewis, imsola ngokungenzi kahle kwezomthetho futhi imeluleka ukuthi izibandakanye ekuziphatheni okungekho emthethweni. Nakuba umongameli wendawo yenyunyana uGailliard ethi "inkampani yanikeza inkampani yabameli i-carte blanche - ifemu yabameli ibiphethe lesi sikhungo," futhi i-EnerSys ithi uJackson Lewis wenze "umkhankaso ongekho emthethweni wokuketula inyunyana," kugcizelela uJackson Lewis. ukuthi yanikeza iseluleko esihle futhi akenzanga lutho olubi eNingizimu Carolina.
Namuhla, ifekthri ye-EnerSys ithule, futhi iningi lezisebenzi ezake zasebenza lapho manje azisebenzi. "Ukudubula, ukuntuleka kokukhushulwa kanye nokuvalwa kwesitshalo konke kuthumele umyalezo onamandla,โ kuphetha lo New York Times. โNgemva kwakho konke lokhu,โ kusho abalandeli bokuqina benyunyana, โangicabangi ukuthi ningakwazi ukukhokhela abantu balapha ukuze bajoyine inyunyana.โ
UJACKSON LEWIS EMKHONWENI WASE-ALF
Umlingani omkhulu uJackson Lewis Roger S. Kaplan, umbhali wenani lokushicilelwe kokuthi ungayinqoba kanjani imikhankaso yokuhlela inyunyana, uhlala ku-ALF Advisory Council. U-Kaplan ube ngusihlalo welinye lamaphaneli amabili engqungqutheleni ye-ALF, ngezindaba ezingokomthetho ezithinta ukuhlela inyunyana, nozakwabo abathathu bakaJackson Lewis abenza izethulo.
Umethuli wokuqala, uJackson Lewis umlingani UThomas Walsh, yavela futhi emhlanganweni waminyaka yonke ka-March odlule we-New York Charter School Association, lapho, ngokusho kwe-ALF, weluleka amalungu ebhodi lezikole eziqashiwe โngemiphumela engokoqobo nengokomthetho kubaphathi bezikole eziqashiwe lapho bebhekene nemizamo yokuhlela ye-UFT [Inhlangano Yothisha Bezizwe Ezihlangene].โ U-Walsh uxwayise ngokuthi izinyunyana zihlela โngendlela ecashile,โ ngakho izikole eziqashiwe kufanele zenze umsebenzi wokuzilungiselela kusengaphambili, zinikeze โulwazi oluqothoโ ezindabeni ezinjengokuthi โizindleko zezinyunyanaโ kanye โnezinkinga zokuxoxisana ngokuhlanganyelaโ ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izinyunyana. Kukhona โama-quirksโ amelene nomqashi eMthethweni Womthetho Wase-NY, u-Walsh wakhalaza: izikole eziqashayo azikwazi ukusebenzisa โimali yomphakathiโ ukuvimbela ukuhlangana kwezinyunyana. Ngenxa yalokho, umthetho awunikezi โukukhetha kweqiniso.โ
Umethuli wesibili kwakunguJackson Lewis uzakwabo UJeffrey Corrandino. Izinyunyana zothisha zithi ziyazeseka izikole eziqashiwe, esho kanje, kodwa ziyazeseka inqobo nje uma zifana nezikole ezijwayelekile zikahulumeni. Uzozwa izinkulumo zokuthi "singama-union busters," u-Corrandino wavumela, kodwa akulona iqiniso. Nokho, ukuxoxisana ngeqoqo โkunzima,โ โkudla isikhathi,โ futhi โkuyinqubo engasebenzi kahle kakhulu eyenziwe umuntu,โ lapho nixoxisana โngawo wonke amakhefana, zonke izikhathi.โ Izinkontileka kuxoxwa ngazo kumongo "wempi yezomnotho" yinyunyana, wagcina, ngakho-ke uyaphoqeleka ukuthi "uhwebe" ukuze "ulimaze umgomo wesikole sakho."
Umethuli wesithathu, uJackson Lewis umlingani USusan Corcoran, igxile kulokho okufanele izikole zikwenze ukugwema ukuhlangana kwezinyunyana mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwezinqubomgomo zabasebenzi kanye nebhukwana lezabasebenzi.
UMHLAHLANDLELA WE-ALF/JACKSON LEWIS WOKUVIMBELA IZINYONYO EZIKOLENI ZE-CHARTER
Ingqungquthela yethule โumhlahlandlela wezomthethoโ we-ALF wokuvimbela ukuhlangana kwezinyunyana ezikoleni ze-New York Charter, owashicilelwa ngaphansi kwesihloko esifanayo nesenkomfa. Yabhalwa nguJackson Lewis LLP, uKaplan noWalsh besebenza njengababhali ababambisene abakhulu. Igcwele amaphutha eqiniso ayisisekelo mayelana nomthetho wesikole saseNew York Charter School. Umuntu akakwazi ukudlula ekhasini lesi-2, isibonelo, ngaphambi kokuthi afunde ukuthi โizikole ezifika kweziyishumi ziqokwe ngokuqondile ama-SUNY Trustees njengezikole ezingezona ezenyunyana unomphela.โ Eqinisweni, umthetho we-NY Charter School akenzi lutho olunjalo. Umthetho unenhlinzeko yokuthi othisha nabanye abasebenzi ezikoleni eziqashiwe ezivulwa ngabafundi abangaphezu kuka-250 ngokuzenzekelayo babe nokumeleleka okuhlangene kwezingxoxo. Esigabeni 2854, 3, Isigaba (b-1), ii, i-ejensi eshajayo inikezwa amandla okuhoxisa okuzenzakalelayo ukuhlinzekwa kokuvulwa kwezingxoxo ezihlangene zezikole ezifika kweziyi-10 ezivulwa ngabafundi abangaphezu kwama-250; nokho-ke, othisha nabasebenzi kulezo zikole bagcina amalungelo afanayo nawothisha bakwezinye izikole eziqashayo ukuhlela nokufuna ukumelwa ngokuhlanganyela kwezingxoxo zokuxoxisana uma sezivuliwe. [Sizibekela isibonelo esisodwa lapha ngoba asikho ebhizinisini lokuhlanza umsebenzi obudedengu wabasebenzi bezinyunyana.]
Lawa maphutha amaqiniso ayisisekelo awalindelekile ngokuphelele: ukunemba kweqiniso kanye nokuhlonipha okuphezulu kweqiniso akuzona ncamashi izinto eziqinile "zokugwema inyunyana" ochwepheshe. Kodwa ukuhlinzekwa kolwazi, okunye okuyiqiniso, okunye akunjalo, akuyona inyama yaleli pheshana. Kunalokho, into itholakala ezigabeni ezifana nalolu hlu olulandelayo lwezimpawu zenhlangano yokuhlela umsebenzi okumele abaphathi bawubheke:
โamafomu amasha amaqoqo abasebenzi; Kuvela โabaholiโ abasha bezisebenzi; Kuqubuka izingxoxo ezishisayo phakathi kwabasebenzi; "i-rumor mill" iba namandla kakhulu - futhi iphimbo elingalungile ngokungavamile; abasebenzi baqala ukuhlangana ngemuva komsebenziโฆโ
Nakuba umthetho wesikole esiqashiwe uqukethe isigaba [Isigaba 2855, 1, isigaba (d)] esigunyaza ukunqanyulwa kweshatha โngomkhuba kanye nephethini yokwephulwa okuyingozi noma ngamabomu... okubandakanya ukugxambukela noma ukucwaswa kwamalungelo abasebenzi,โ Ipheshana le-ALF linikeza izeluleko zokuthi abaphathi bezikole eziqashiwe bangayigwema kanjani inhloso ecacile yomthetho. Ukuze lolu hlelo lusebenze, i-ALF ikhetha, kufanele kube khona
โ[1] umkhuba ongaphezu kowodwa ongafanele wabaqashi; [2] ezikhombisa uhlelo olufanayo noma umklamo womqashi; [3] ukwenza ngamabomu izenzo ezingekho emthethweni; futhi, [4] ezeqisayo noma ezesabekayo.โ
Ungashayela inqwaba yamaloli angewona awenyunyana kulowo mgodi, u-ALF no-Jackson Lewis abazowuvikela ngenjabulo enkantolo.
UMNYANGO WEZEMFUNDO WE-NYC - ISIKOLE SE-CHARTER - ALF Connection
Nakuba kucasula, noma incwajana kaJackson Lewis noma izethulo zikaJackson Lewis bezingalindelekile: akekho olindele ukuthi ingwe izoshintsha amabala ayo. Okuphawulekayo nokho ukuthi ngubani owavela kwelinye iqembu engqungqutheleni ye-ALF, kanye nabakushoyo. Phakathi kwabethuli abahleliwe bekukhona uCaryl Cohen, omele uphiko lwesikole somnyango wezemfundo we-NYC, Isikhungo seDolobha laseNew York se-Charter School Excellence, futhi abasunguli nabaholi bamanethiwekhi ezikole ezimbili eziqashiwe UShansela uJoel Klein umemele eNew York City ukuyoqala izikole eziqashayo lapha, uNorman Atkins wase Izikole Ezingavamile kanye ne-Dacia Toll of Imphumelelo Okokuqala. [U-Becca Weinstein we-Achievement First ubengenele ngomzuzu wokugcina we-Toll.] Izikole Ezingajwayelekile ziphethe i-Williamsburg Collegiate Charter School kanye ne-Excellence Charter School yase-Bedford Stuyvesant, e-Brooklyn, kanti i-Achievement First iphethe i-Crown Heights Elementary Charter School, i-Crown. I-Heights Middle Charter School kanye ne-East New York Elementary Charter School, zonke eBrooklyn. Zonke lezi zikole zaqalwa ngoSepthemba 2005.
Ukuvumelana kwaleli thimba kwaba, ngokwamazwi kaNorman Atkins, โizikole eziqashwe kahle zizihlelela ngezindlela ezivimba izinyunyana ngaphandle.โ Ngokubheka kancane nje kunephaneli kaJackson Lewis, leli qembu lamemezela njengengaxoxiswana ngenqubo yokuqashwa โngentandoโ, enelungelo lokuqasha nokuxosha ngaphandle kwenqubo efanele, ukuqedwa komsebenzi, kanye nosuku olude lwesikole, isonto kanye unyaka. Kube nokungagwegwesi okukhulu mayelana nezinga elimangalisayo lokushintshwa kothisha ngisho nasezikoleni eziqashwe kahle kakhulu, okuhlanganisa nezazo - akumangazi uma ucabanga ukuthi kwezinye zezikole eziqashiwe leli phaneli elibizwa ngokuthi zinkulu, othisha bacelwa ukuthi basebenze amahora ayishumi izinsuku, izinsuku eziyisithupha. amasonto neminyaka engaphezu kwezinyanga eziyishumi nanye. Kodwa kwakungekho ukuzimisela ukuhlanganyela kunoma yikuphi ukuzindla, ukubuza ukuthi leyo kwakuyindlela engcono kakhulu yini yokufundisa izingane noma ukuthuthukisa othisha abaphumelelayo, kuleso noma izifundo ezifanayo. Lapho u-Cohen ephawula ekupheleni kwephaneli ukuthi ezinye zezikole ezihamba phambili kakhulu eNew York City ziyizikole zokuguqulwa kwe-UFT ezinokumelela okuqhubekayo kwe-UFT, kwaba sengathi umzimba wakhe usuvele waba yizwi elivela kwesinye isici, ngqo. yendawo yokufundisa ye-twilight zone.
Uma kuke kwaba nombuzo mayelana nokugqugquzelwa kukaShansela uKlein kanye neMeya uBloomberg esifisweni sabo sokuqala izikole eziningi eziqashayo eDolobheni laseNew York, uma kuke kwaba nokungabaza okunengqondo kokuthi inhloso yabo kwakuwukudala izikole eziningi ezingezona izinyunyana. kuleli dolobha njengoba bengakwazi, ingqungquthela yangomhla ziyisi-7 kuNovemba - kanye nendima evelele eyadlalwa kuyo abameleli besikole se-DOE sika-charter kanye namanethiwekhi esikole esiqashiwe u-Klein ameme eNew York City - kwenza kube nzima ukusekela ukungabaza okunjalo.
U-Leo Casey usebenzela i-United Federation of Teachers. Inguqulo ende yalesi sihloko ivele Edwize, ibhulogi ye-UFT, ngoNovemba 17, 2005. Sibonga u-Ed Muir we-AFT ngocwaningo lwangemuva lwe-ALF.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela