"Los niños nacen para ser felices." — UJosé Martí
NgoNovemba 19, 2011 i-NPR yasakaza "Izingane ZaseCuba Zikhumbule: Indiza Yazo Eya eMelika." Intatheli uGreg Allen yathi uhambo lwango-1960-62 olusuka eCuba luya e-United States lwezingane ezingu-14,000 kanye nezingane zaseCuba “lwenzeka ngenxa yesivumelwano umfundisi wesifundabhishobhi saseMiami [uBaba uBryan Walsh] … wasebenzisana noMnyango Wezwe LaseMelika. Isivumelwano samvumela ukuthi asayine imvume ye-visa yezingane ezineminyaka engu-16 noma ngaphansi.” U-Allen wabe esexoxa nabambalwa
kwesokudla-kwa-maphakathi abantu baseCuba baseMelika ukunikeza umbono “wenjongo” kumaqiniso azungeze i-Operation Peter Pan.
Ngokumangalisayo, u-Allen wayishiya i-CIA embikweni wakhe, nakuba ubufakazi obanele bubonisa ukuthi i-Ejensi ekuqaleni kwawo-1960 yenza itulo neBandla lezingane zomoya eziphuma eCuba.
Lapho sebengaphakathi kwemingcele ekhulisayo yezwe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni "Izingane zikaPedro Pan zenze kahle," kuphetha u-Allen, ngaphandle kokuchaza ukuthi "kahle" kusho ukuthini. Manje izingane ezindala zikaPedro Pan zisalokhu “ziphikisana ngokuqinile nanoma yikuphi ukumiswa kobudlelwane nombuso wakwaCastro, umbuso owawunesibopho sokuhlakaza imindeni yabo nokubaphoqa ukuba bahlukane nemindeni yabo.
izwe lakithi.”
Abasebenzi be-NPR kungenzeka bathole indaba eyinkimbinkimbi nebi kakhulu - ukube bebeyibhekile. I-CIA iyenqaba ukukhulula imibhalo kaPeter Pan, kodwa ubufakazi obuningi bubonisa ukuthi i-Ejensi yakha imibhalo futhi isakaza amanga, noFata Walsh kanye nesifunda samaKhatholika. Umgomo wabo: ukuhlukanisa izingane eziphakeme nabazali (i-Cuban brain drain) futhi kudale ukungazinzi kwezombusazwe.
Omunye uzungu lwe-Operation Peter Pan, u-Antonio Veciana, osehlala eMiami, usitshele ukuthi uMaurice Bishop (owaziwa njengesikhulu seCIA uDavid Atlee Phillips) wamqasha kanjani ngo-1960 "ukuzolwa impi yengqondo - ukudicilela phansi uhulumeni." UVeciana uchaze ukuthi i-Ejensi yakha kanjani umthetho wokwenza abantu baseCuba abacebile bakholwe ukuthi uhulumeni wamavukelambuso uhlela ukuqhwaga ukulawula kwabazali. Amanxusa kaBhishobhi eCuba asakaza leli hlebezi, esekelwa umgunyathi
ukulingisa umthetho ocatshangelwayo, emalungwini ezigaba zobungcweti kanye nezabantu. Umgunyathi "umemezele ukuthi abazali bazolahlekelwa ukulawula izingane zabo kuhulumeni."
UVeciana ulandise ngokuthi “abasebenzi be-CIA bathi bantshontshe idokhumenti kuhulumeni waseCuba.” Lo mbhalo ongamanga “udale ukwesaba okukhulu.” Ngo-Okthoba 26, 1960, isiteshi somsakazo saseSwan Island esilawulwa yi-CIA, eningizimu yeCuba, sasakaza “izindaba” ezihamba phambili. Uhulumeni waseCuba, umsakazo wagomela, uhlela ukususa izingane kubazali ukuze uzifundise. IRadio Swan ibike amanye amanga: abangaphansi komhlaba baseCuba bathole ikhophi “yomthetho” ozayo.
Ucwaningo oluncane belungaveza ukuthi uLeopoldina noRamón Grau Alsina, umshana kanye nomshana walowo owayenguMengameli waseCuba uRamón Grau San Martín, bavuma ezikhulwini zezokuphepha zaseCuba ngemuva kokuboshwa ngo-1965 ngokuthi banyathelisa umthetho wamanga eHavana, bawusakaza ngasese base beqamba amanga. kubazali.
Isigaba 3 salo mbhalo we-apocrypha sathi: “Lapho lo mthetho uqala ukusebenza, uhulumeni uzosebenzisa abantu noma izinhlangano ezinikezwe igunya lokunakekela abantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-20 ubudala.” Abapristi namanxusa e-CIA bobabili baqasha izingane futhi banxusa abazali ukuba “basethembe. Uhulumeni wase-US uzobanakekela.”
Abefundisi basakaza lo mbhalo womgunyathi phakathi komhlambi wabo waseCuba osezingeni eliphakathi. Izikhulu zesikole samaKhatholika zesaba ukuthi uhlelo lukaCastro olukhula ngokushesha lwemfundo yomphakathi luzobukela phansi ukubusa kwabo kwezemfundo phakathi kwemikhakha enemali.
Ngo-March 1960, uMongameli Eisenhower wayala i-CIA ukuba iketule uhulumeni waseCuba. Abahleli be-ejensi baklama u-Peter Pan ukuthi aqhube kanye nenkulumo-ze yezombangazwe kanye nezinqubomgomo zokuklinywa komnotho. Lawa mathrekhi ahambisanayo azowenza buthaka uhulumeni kaCastro ngenkathi abaqeqeshi base-US belungiselela ibutho elihlasela abantu baseCuba, elizosebenzisana namaphekula asemadolobheni asekelwa yi-CIA kanye nabashokobezi.
I-Operation Peter Pan (ukhumbula ifilimu ye-Disney?) yasebenzisa izingane nabazali baseCuba ukuze baqhubekisele phambili umgomo wabo: ukuketula uhulumeni woguquko. Isimangalo se-NPR sokuthi "abukho ubufakazi" bokubandakanyeka kwe-CIA ngabe sihlakazekile ukube bebebuze uVeciana noma babuze ukuthi kungani i-CIA isenqaba ukukhipha imibhalo yayo ye-1500 kanye naleyo Operation - ngenkathi ihlukanisa ingobo yomlando e-Bay of Pigs kanye ne-1962 Missile Crisis?
Ubaba kamlobi u-Alvaro Fernandez u-Angel Fernandez Varela, oqashwe yi-CIA eHavana, wafundisa e-Jesuit run Colegio Belen. Ngaphambi kokuba ashonele eMiami, u-Alvaro wabhala, u-Angel watshela umndeni wakhe ukuthi “wayengomunye walabo ababenomthwalo wemfanelo wokubhala umthetho wamanga owabangela ukudideka.”
Umbiko we-NPR awubuzi ukuthi: ubani othole ama-visa ezingane, amathikithi endiza kanye noxhumana nabo phesheya futhi kungani i-KLM ne-Pan American Airlines bakhiphele izingane zikaPeter Pan amathikithi amahhala?
Futhi i-NPR Allen ayilandeli. Uhulumeni wase-US akazange agcine ukuxhumana phakathi kwabazali nezingane, futhi akazange anikeze ama-visa iningi labazali abasele eCuba. UKhomishani Omkhulu we-UN wazama ukuhlanganisa abazali nezingane, kodwa uWashington akazange ameseke.
UVeciana wasiza ekwenzeni leli qhinga elingcolile, kodwa kamuva wazibuza: “Kamuva ngazibuza: ingabe le kwakuyinto elungile ongayenza? Ngoba sidale ukwethuka ngohulumeni, kodwa saphinde sahlukanisa izingane eziningi nabazali bazo.”
Eqinisweni, iCuba isizuze izindondo ngokuphatha kwayo izingane. "ECuba, azikho izingane emigwaqweni, azikho izingane eziphuma esikoleni, azikho izingane ezingenazo izinsiza zezempilo noma amasiko, futhi azikho izingane ezingavikelekile ezingenawo amathuba okuthola usizo.
ukuthuthukiswa<http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90777/90856/7398806.html>,”
kusho uJose Juan Ortiz, omele i-UNICEF eCuba.
Okuxakayo ukuthi i-CIA yathi eyayo inhloso kuhulumeni waseCuba: ukuhlukanisa izingane nabazali bazo. Mhlawumbe, ukube abasebenzi be-NPR bebecabanga ngokuxakayo ukuthi ngabe benze umbiko onembe kakhulu mayelana ne-Operation Peter Pan.
Ingoma kaSaul Landau ethi, WILL THE REAL TERRORIST SICELA USUKUME — itholakala ku-dvd
kusukela [i-imeyili ivikelwe]. I-Counterpunch ishicilele i-BUSH NE-BOTOX yakhe
UMHLABA.
UNelson Valdes weza eFlorida ku-Operation Peter Pan futhi unguProfesa
Emeritus eNyuvesi yaseNew Mexico.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela