Ekupheleni kukaDisemba 1831, abalimi abamhlophe baseJamaican balala bengaphumuli emibhedeni yabo. Amahemuhemu ayesenesikhathi eside esakazwa ukudideka phakathi kwama-Afrika ayizigqila ahlala emasimini kuso sonke isiqhingi. Ngaphambi kokuba bazi, isiqhingi sasiyothungelwa ngomlilo njengoba amashumi ezinkulungwane ehlomela ukulwela inkululeko yawo.
Njengoba yaziwa, i-Christmas Rebellion (noma iMpi YamaBaptist, eqanjwe kanjalo ngokholo lwabakhi balo abaningi ababalulekile) kwaba ukuvukela okukhulu kwama-Afrika agqilaziwe emlandweni we-British West Indies, futhi kwaba nomthelela ngokuqondile ekuqedweni kobugqila ngo-1833. kanye nokukhululwa okuphelele ngo-1838.
Ukuze uqonde ukuguquguquka okukhona ngesikhathi sokuvukela umbuso, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukwakheka kwenhlalo ye-Jamaica yamakoloni ekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. I-Jamaica, njengengxenye enkulu ye-West Indies, kwakuyilokho okwakwaziwa ngokuthi i-plantocracy. Kuleli lungiselelo, idlanzana labamhlophe abafika e-Europe, abashushumbisi babantu, kanye nabanikazi bamasimu lalibusa iningi labantu base-Afrika ababeyizigqila esiqhingini.
Beqaphela idlanzana labo (ama-Afrika ayedlula abamhlophe abayishumi nambili kuya koyedwa), abatshali bezitshalo basebenzise ubudlova obunonya ukuze baqondise izigqila zabo ekhaya, futhi basebenzise ingcebo yabo eningi namandla abo ukuze banxenxe ababhubhisi ePhalamende nabezindaba. Kodwa naphezu kwemizamo yabo, ilanga lase lishona ebugqilini eMbusweni WaseBrithani, futhi amathemba enkululeko ekhoneni afaka isibindi abantu ababeyizigqila ukuba bazibambele mathupha.
USamuel โDaddyโ Sharpe, idikoni lamaBaptist elimnyama, wahlela abantu base-Afrika ababegqilazwe ukuba bahlanganyele esitelekeni esinokuthula sango-December 25, 1831, befuna amaholo nenkululeko eyengeziwe. Nakuba kwakuhloswe ukungabi nabudlova, u-Sharpe wayengekho ngaphansi kwenkohliso yokuthi ikilasi lokutshala elinobudlova elibi lizophendula ngendlela efanayo.
Ababhaliswa ukuba babe abakhuzi bakhe bezempi kwakungama-Afrika afunda nawo agqilazwe ayehlala ezifundeni eziningana ezihlukahlukene, okubonisa ukusebenza kahle kwenethiwekhi enkulu yokuxhumana eyaziwa ngokuthi โumviniโ wesigqila. Okunye okwakubalulekile kwakuyizinga elilinganiselwe lenkululeko eyanikezwa u-Sharpe: njengedikoni, wayenekhono lokuzulazula esiqhingini futhi ahlele ngokuyimfihlo ngemva kwemihlangano yomthandazo.
Ukubhikisha kokuqala okunokuthula ngokushesha kwaba ukuvukela okunobudlova, futhi kubantu ababalelwa ku-600,000 60,000, abalinganiselwa ku-XNUMX XNUMX bathatha izikhali ukuze bamelane nokucindezelwa kwabo. Noma yikuphi ukuzenzisa kombhikisho onokuthula kwalahleka lapho i-Kensington Estate ishiswa amavukela-mbuso ayegqilazwe, nokuvukela kwenzeka ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho.
I-Plantocracy
Ngaphandle kokunikeza ukuqonda mayelana nokumelana nobuningi obumelene nobugqila, Ukuvukela kukaKhisimusi nakho kuhlinzeka ngesifundo esiyisibonelo esibalulekile enkingeni yokuphatha i-plantocracy kanye nokungqubuzana kokumelana nezigqila. Zifuna usizo lokuqeda ukuhlubuka, iziphathimandla zamakholoni zacela usizo lwe-Accompong kanye ne-Windward Maroons - zombili izinhlangano ezihlukene zamaphekula ezaziyizigqila ezabaleka.
AbakwaMaroon base bethole inkululeko ethile kulandela ezabo izimpi zeMaroon ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili. Ngenxa yezivumelwano ezasayinwa neziphathimandla zamakholoni ezalandela iMpi Yokuqala YaseMaroon ka-1728-1739, amaqembu aseMaroon ayesayinile anikezwa iziqephu ezincane zomhlaba owasheshe waziwa ngokuthi amadolobha aseMaroon.
Isixwayiso kulesi sivumelwano sasiwukuthi la madolobha aseMaroon ayezonikezwa unsumpa omhlophe, nokuthi ama-Maroon fighters kwakuzodingeka ukuthi asize iziphathimandla zamakholoni ekuqedeni ukuvukela okuzayo kwabafowabo abagqilaziwe nokubamba izigqila ezibalekile. Leli lungiselelo laphikiswa amaqembu amaningi amaMaroon, kodwa kamuva ayezozithola elwa ngokumelene namanye ama-Afrika ayecindezelwe.
Ukuvukela kwaholela ekufeni kwabatshali abayishumi nane kanye nama-Afrika angamakhulu amabili agqilazwe, nomonakalo wempahla obiza imali elinganiselwa ku-ยฃ124 million namuhla. Amavukelambuso ase-Afrika ashise amakhulukhulu ezakhiwo kuso sonke isiqhingi, okuhlanganisa ne-Roehampton Estate, isigameko esivuthayo esabuye senziwa kabusha umdwebi wezithombe waseFrance u-Adolphe Duperly. Kodwa kwaba ngemva kokuvukela umbuso okwaba khona ubudlova obunyantisayo.
Nemiphumela
I-plantocracy yase-Jamaican emhlophe yasabela ekuvukeleni ngolimi okuwukuphela kwayo eyayilwazi: unya olungachazeki. Ukuziphindiselela kwesigaba sabatshali bezitshalo baseJamaican ekuphenduleni ukudelelwa okunjalo kwegunya labo kwakungenazwelo nokungakhethi. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlubuka, cishe ama-Afrika angama-340 abulawa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezihlukahlukene ezinonya nezinyantisayo. Abaningi balengiswa, amakhanda abo ebekwe emasimini kuso sonke isiqhingi ukuze abe yisixwayiso ngokuvukela umbuso esikhathini esizayo.
Nokho, ngalรฉ kobumnyama ePhalamende, kwakufakwe itiyela nokuphaphatheka kwesithunywa sevangeli esimhlophe esasisolwa ngokubhebhethekisa amalangabi okuvukela. Kunzima ukuthola isibonelo esicacile sezinto eziza kuqala ngobuhlanga eMbusweni WaseBrithani: esikhundleni sokubulawa ngesihluku kwezinkulungwane zabantu abamnyama base-Afrika (okubonakala sengathi akukho lutho ngaphandle kwe-chattel), kwaba isijeziso sevangeli esimhlophe ngabatshali abamhlophe esadonsa umbhikisho omkhulu. . Umgexo ongcolile wesithunywa sevangeli wabukiswa eBrithani okwesabekayo kwalabo abawubonayo, waqinisa imbangela yabashisekeli bokubhubhisa abamhlophe.
Namuhla, bekungeke kube kude kakhulu ukubiza u-Sharpe ngommeli wohlobo lwemfundiso yenkolo yenkululeko. Ehlezi ejele ngemva kokuvukela kwakhe okubhuntshile, uSharpe wamemezela ukuthi wafunda eBhayibhelini ukuthi โabelungu babengenalo ilungelo lokugqilaza abantu abansundu kunokuba abantu abamnyama benze abamhlophe izigqila. . . . Ngincamela ukufela esigxotsheni laphaya kunokuhlala ebugqilini.โ U-Sharpe wabulawa kulowo mgoqo ngoMeyi 23, 1832. Ukhunjulwa njengeqhawe lesizwe e-Jamaica, ngokufana kwakhe kuphrintiwe ku-$ 50 yase-Jamaican banknote.
Umshikashika Oqhubekayo
Ukulandisa okudumile kungenza sikholwe ukuthi uMbuso WaseBrithani wakhetha ukukhulula ngokugcwele izinkulungwane zezigqila zase-Afrika e-Jamaica ngo-1838 ngenxa yemisebenzi yokuziphatha. Kodwa iqiniso lihluke ngokuphelele. Naphezu kokwehluleka kwayo, izinga lokuvukela kukaKhisimusi, elihambisana nokuphikiswa okungapheli kwabantu base-Afrika ababegqilaziwe, kwabonisa ukuthi umkhuba wobugqila owawusunamakhulu eminyaka wawungamukeleki.
I-Christmas Rebellion yabangela ngokuqondile uMthetho Wokuqedwa Kobugqila wango-1833, owaqeda ubugqila, kodwa futhi wabeka nokuthi ama-Afrika ayegqilazwe kwakuyodingeka adlule isikhathi โsokufundaโ ngaphansi kwabaphathi bawo bakudala ngaphambi kokuba bakhululwe. Kwaze kwafika ngo-1838 lapho iBrithani yathola khona inkululeko egcwele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanikazi bezigqila, ikilasi labatshali bezimali baseJamaican phakathi kwabo, baklonyeliswe ngesinxephezelo esihle sika-ยฃ20 million - okuyisamba esasihlanganisa amaphesenti angu-40 esabelomali sikazwelonke sikaMgcinimafa ngaleso sikhathi, futhi ebiza ngaphezu kuka-ยฃ17 billion namuhla. Lesi sikweletu esikhulu sakhokhwa kuphela ngo-2015, okusho ukuthi imali yentela eyenziwa izakhamuzi zaseBrithani eziphilayo, okungenzeka phakathi kwazo, inzalo yabantu base-Afrika abagqilaziwe, isetshenziselwe ukufaka isandla ekubuyiseleni abashushumbisi babantu. Abantu base-Afrika ababegqilazwe ngaphambili, behlukunyezwa izizukulwane ngezizukulwane, abatholanga lutho.
Kulo nyaka, uhulumeni waseJamaican akaphumelelanga esicelweni sakhe sokunxeshezelwa ngo-ยฃ7 billion kuhulumeni waseBrithani. Owokugcina uzichithile izimangalo zaseJamaica ngenxa yemibuzo esebenzayo. Ubani owayezoyikhokhela? Futhi kubani?
Ayikho imibuzo enjalo eyabuzwa lapho uhulumeni waseBrithani unxephezela abanikazi bezigqila ngokulahlekelwa โimpahlaโ yabo. Njengoba sikhumbula ukuvukela kukaKhisimuzi kanye nesibindi salawo ma-Afrika azabalaza nezinkinga ezicishe zingenakunqotshwa, kufanele futhi sikhumbule ukuthi impi ende yokulwela ubulungisa isalokhu ingaphelele.
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