Umthombo: Ingxoxo
An ukuhlasela isixuku bahlangana ngaphandle kwesikhumulo sezindiza saseKabul ngo-Agasti 26, 2021, kushiye okungenani abantu abayi-100 beshonile, okuhlanganisa okungenani i-13 Amasosha ase-U.S. ISIS-K wamangalelwa ngebhomu lokuzibulala elididiyelwe kanye nokuhlaselwa kwezibhamu, okwenzeka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva UMongameli Joe Biden uxwayise ukuthi leli qembu - elingaphansi kweqembu le-Islamic State elisebenza e-Afghanistan - "lalifuna ukukhomba isikhumulo sezindiza futhi lihlasele i-US kanye nezinhlangano ezihlangene kanye nezakhamuzi ezingenacala."
Amira Jadoon, a uchwepheshe wobuphekula e-U.S. Military Academy West Point, kanye no-Andrew Mines, a ocwaningweni olwenziwa yiGeorge Washington University's Programme on Extremism, bebelokhu belandelela i-ISIS-K iminyaka futhi baphendula imibuzo yethu mayelana nokuthi lingubani iqembu lamaphekula, kanye nosongo elilubekayo e-Afghanistan engasebenzi kahle.
Ubani i-ISIS-K?
ISifundazwe SaseKhorasan sase-Islamic State, esibuye saziwa ngamagama afingqiwe athi ISIS-K, ISKP kanye ne-ISK, siyinhlangano esemthethweni yenhlangano ye-Islamic State esebenza e-Afghanistan, kuqashelwa ngobuholi obuyinhloko be-Islamic State e-Iraq naseSyria.
I-ISIS-K yasungulwa ngokusemthethweni ngoJanuwari 2015. Esikhathini esifushane, yakwazi ukuhlanganisa ukulawulwa kwezindawo ezifundeni ezimbalwa zasemakhaya e. enyakatho futhi empumalanga esenyakatho Afghanistan, futhi yethula umkhankaso obulalayo kulo lonke elase-Afghanistan nasePakistan. Phakathi neminyaka emithathu yokuqala, i-ISIS-K yethula ukuhlaselwa ngokumelene namaqembu amancane, izindawo zomphakathi nezikhungo, kanye nezinhloso zikahulumeni emadolobheni amakhulu kulo lonke elase-Afghanistan nasePakistan.
Ukuhlaziywa komhlaba, okuvela kochwepheshe
Ngo-2018, isibe ngomunye wemidlalo izinhlangano ezine ezibulalayo kakhulu zamaphekula emhlabeni, ngokwe-Institute for Economics and Peaceโs Global Terrorism Index.
Kodwa ngemva kokuhlupheka okukhulu indawo, ubuholi kanye nokulahlekelwa isikhundla namafayela kumfelandawonye oholwa yi-U.S. kanye nabalingani bayo base-Afghan - okugcine ngokuthi Ukuzinikela ngaphezu kwe-1,400 yabalwi bayo nemindeni yabo kuhulumeni wase-Afghan ngasekupheleni kuka-2019 nasekuqaleni kuka-2020 - inhlangano yamenyezelwa, ngabanye, ukuthi tshoda.
Ungakwazi ukusitshela okwengeziwe mayelana nesizinda seqembu?
I-ISIS-K yasungulwa ngamalungu angaphambili e-Pakistani Taliban, Afghan Taliban kanye ne-Islamic Movement yase-Uzbekistan. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi leli qembu liye lazingela amasosha avela kwamanye amaqembu ahlukahlukene.
Elinye lamandla amakhulu eqembu yikhono lalo lokukhulisa ubuchwepheshe bendawo balaba balwi nabakhuzi. I-ISIS-K yaqala ukuhlanganisa indawo endaweni izifunda eziseningizimu yeNangarhar isifundazwe, esisemngceleni osenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Afghanistan nePakistan futhi esiyindawo yesizinda sangaphambili se-al-Qaida endaweni yaseTora Bora.
I-ISIS-K yasebenzisa isikhundla sayo emngceleni ukuqoqa izimpahla kanye nokuqasha abantu abavela ezindaweni zezizwe zasePakistan, kanye nekhono lamanye amaqembu endawo eyakha nawo. izivumelwano zokusebenza.
Ubufakazi obuningi bubonisa ukuthi iqembu litholile imali, iseluleko, nokuqeqeshwa evela enhlanganweni eyinhloko yenhlangano yeqembu le-Islamic State e-Iraq naseSyria. Abanye Ochwepheshe babeke lezo zibalo ngaphezulu kwe-US$100 million.
Ziyini izinhloso namaqhinga?
Isu elijwayelekile le-ISIS-K ukusungula inhloko yolwandle yenhlangano ye-Islamic State ukuze inwebise lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-caliphate iye Enkabeni naseNingizimu Asia.
Ihlose ukuziqinisa njengenhlangano yama-jihadist ehamba phambili esifundeni, ngokwengxenye ngokuthatha ifa lamaqembu e-jihadist afike ngaphambi kwayo. Lokhu kubonakala emyalezweni waleli qembu, oheha amaqhawe e-jihadist kanye nabantu abasha izindawo zasemadolobheni.
Njengamagama eqembu e-Iraq naseSyria, i-ISIS-K isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe babasebenzi bayo kanye izivumelwano zokusebenza namanye amaqembu ukwenza ukuhlasela okulimazayo. Lokhu kuhlasela kubhekise kwabancane njengase-Afghanistan Hazara futhi Sikh abantu, kanjalo izintatheli, izisebenzi zokusiza, abasebenzi bezokuphepha kanye nengqalasizinda kahulumeni.
Umgomo we-ISIS-K uwukudala isiphithiphithi nokungaqiniseki emzamweni wokusunduza abalwi abadumele abavela kwamanye amaqembu bangene ezinhlwini zabo, kanye nokufaka ukungabaza kunoma yiliphi ikhono likahulumeni obusayo lokuhlinzeka ngokuphepha kubantu.
I-ISIS-K inabuphi ubuhlobo namaTaliban?
I-ISIS-K ibona i-Afghan Taliban njengezimbangi zayo zamasu. Ibiza iTaliban yase-Afghan ngokuthi โabashisekeli bobuzwe abangcolileโ ngezifiso kuphela zokwakha uhulumeni ovalelwe emingceleni yase-Afghanistan. Lokhu kuphikisana nenhloso yenhlangano ye-Islamic State yokusungula i-caliphate yomhlaba wonke.
Selokhu yasungulwa, i-ISIS-K izamile ukuqasha amalungu e-Afghan Taliban ngenkathi iphinde iqondise ezikhundleni zeTaliban ezweni lonke.
Imizamo ye-ISIS-K ihlangabezane nempumelelo ethile, kodwa amaTaliban akwazile ukunqanda izinselelo zeqembu ngokuphishekela ukuhlaselwa nokusebenza ngokumelene nabasebenzi be-ISIS-K nezikhundla.
Lokhu kungqubuzana kuye kwenzeka kaningi kwenzeke ngokuhambisana namandla omoya ase-U.S. kanye ne-Afghan kanye nokusebenza phansi ngokumelene ne-ISIS-K, nakuba izinga eligcwele lemisebenzi eyahlanganiswa ngalo alikacaci.
Okusobala ukuthi iningi le-ISIS-K ukulahlekelwa ngabasebenzi nobuholi kwaba umphumela wokusebenza okuholwa yi-U.S. kanye ne-Afghan, kanye neziteleka zasemoyeni zaseMelika ikakhulukazi.
Ingakanani i-ISIS-K eyingozi e-Afghanistan nasemphakathini wamazwe ngamazwe?
Njengenhlangano ebuthaka uma kuqhathaniswa, izinhloso ezisheshayo ze-ISIS-K wukugcwalisa amazinga ayo futhi ibonise ukuzimisela kwayo ngokuhlaselwa okuphakeme. Ukwenza kanjalo kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi iqembu alibi umdlali ongabalulekile endaweni ye-Afghanistan-Pakistan. Inentshisekelo yokuhlasela i-U.S. kanye nabalingani abambisene nabo phesheya, kodwa izinga leli qembu elikwazi ngayo ukukhuthaza kanye nokuhlasela okuqondile ngokumelene neNtshonalanga udaba oluhlukanise umphakathi wezempi nowezobunhloli wase-U.S.
E-Afghanistan, nokho, i-ISIS-K izibonakalise iwusongo olukhulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kokuhlasela kwayo abantu abancane base-Afghan kanye nezikhungo zomphakathi, leli qembu lihlosile abasebenzi bosizo lwamazwe ngamazwe, imizamo yokususa amabhomu agqitshwayo futhi waze wazama bulala isithunywa esiphezulu saseMelika eKabul ngoJanuwari 2021.
Kusesekuseni kakhulu ukusho ukuthi ukuhoxa kwe-US e-Afghanistan kuzozuzisa kanjani i-ISIS-K, kodwa ukuhlasela kwesikhumulo sezindiza saseKabul kukhombisa ukuqhubeka kosongo olwenziwa yiqembu.
Esikhathini esifushane, i-ISIS-K cishe izoqhubeka nemizamo yayo yokutshala ukwethuka nezinxushunxushu, iphazamise inqubo yokuhoxa futhi ibonise ukuthi i-Afghan Taliban ayikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngokuphepha kubantu.
Uma iqembu likwazi ukwenza kabusha izinga elithile lokulawula indawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi libuthe abalwi abaningi, cishe lizolungela ukubuya futhi lifake izinsongo ezingeni likazwelonke, lesifunda kanye namazwe ngamazwe.
Inothi lomhleli: Le ndaba ibuyekezwe ngo-8 am EST ngo-Aug. 27, 2021 ukuze kuboniswe ulwazi lwakamuva lwabashonile ngaleso sikhathi.
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