Inkulumo inikezwe e-Seattle, Washington ngo-Ephreli 5, 2014
Kunezindaba ezimbili ezehlukene ngeVenezuelaโomunye umbono owokuthi ababhikishi bakhona bayingxenye yokuqubuka kwemibhikisho emhlabeni wonke njengalokho obekwenzeka eTurkey, eBrazil, eChile, e-Ukraine nase-Egypt ngo-2011, ngokumelene nencindezelo eyandayo futhi engasebenzi kahle. uhlelo lwezomnotho. Kule ndaba, ababhikishi baseVenezuela bafuna intando yeningi eyengeziwe, inkohlakalo encane kanye nomnotho lapho kutholakala khona izimpahla.
Umbono wami uhluke kakhulu. Kusekelwe ocwaningweni nasekufundiseni kwami โโngeVenezuela neLatin America futhi ngithatha amakilasi abafundi abangaphezu kuka-30 ngamunye nelinye ilungu le-Evergreen State College, lapho ngifundisa khona umnotho wezepolitiki, ukuya eVenezuela izinyanga ezimbili lilinye ngo-2009 no-2012, nokusebenzisa imali. ezinye izinyanga ezimbili lapho phakathi kuka-2009 no-2012.
Okokuqala, umongo omncane! U-Hugo Chรกvez wakhethwa njengoMongameli waseVenezuela ngo-1998 futhi washona ngonyaka odlule ehhovisi ngemuva kokuqokwa kabusha kathathu. Ukushona kuka-Hugo Chรกvez kwaba ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kubantu baseVenezuela nakubo bonke abantu emhlabeni wonke abakhathazeke ngobulungiswa bezomnotho kanye nomhlaba ongabuswa ubunxiwankulu bomhlaba wonke. Kodwa-ke, akulungile ukwehlisa ukuhlaziya noma umbono wethu ngeVenezuela uye ku-Chรกvez, pro noma con. Okubaluleke kakhulu izinguquko ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kwabantu baseVenezuela, kwezomnotho, kwezombusazwe, nangokwesiko. Yilokho engigxile kukho.
Amakilasi adumile eVenezuela, ama-80% abantu, abasebenzi emkhakheni osemthethweni nongakahleleki, abangasebenzi, osomabhizinisi abancane kanye nama-campesinos, baye bathuthukisa izimpilo zabo ngokuphawulekayo hhayi nje ngokwezomnotho kodwa nangokufakwa kwabo emphakathini. Kube nokwehla kobumpofu ngaphezu kwe-ยฝ kanye nobumpofu obedlulele ngama-70% kusukela ekunqobeni okhethweni lwango-1998 lwaseChรกvez. Ukufinyelela emfundweni nasekunakekelweni kwezempilo kube kukhulu. Lokhu kuyiqiniso futhi mayelana nokutholakala kokudla kanye nokuvikeleka kokudla. Kube nokukhuphuka okukhulu kokudla kwe-caloric, kusuka ku-2000 kuya ku-3000 kilojoule nge-capita ngayinye ngosuku, kuyilapho kokubili izinga kanye nenani lokudla liye lanyuka.
Isakhamuzi sase-Olympia, eWashington esisanda kuchitha iminyaka emibili e-barquisimeto, eVenezuela sisanda kungitshela ukuthi sibona indlala emphakathini oseduze wase-Washington, e-Shelton, lapho esebenza khona, kunalokho akwenza e-Barquisimeto barrio lapho ayehlala khona. (I-Barrios igama lemiphakathi yasemadolobheni lapho amakilasi adumile ahlala khona.)
Akukona nje kuphela ukuthi isibalo sabantu abampofu sehle kakhulu e-Venezuela, ababengabandakanyiwe manje sebebambe iqhaza ekulawuleni umphakathi wabo kanye nezinsiza zomphakathi. Sebephenduke abalingiswa, izihloko zomlando. Kunemikhandlu yemiphakathi engu-40,000 eVenezuela. Le miphakathi inquma ngentando yeningi ukuthi izosetshenziswa kanjani futhi iphathe inani elibalulekile lemali engenayo yomphakathi. Kuphinde kwaba nokusatshalaliswa komhlaba okukhulu emaphandleni ngokutholakala kwesikweletu esithengekayo kanye nokutholakala kwemfundo nempilo ezindaweni zasemakhaya kanye nasemadolobheni. Ukufinyelela ezindlini ezisezingeni eliphezulu nakho kukhule kakhulu nakuba kungalingani kangako nemfundo nokunakekelwa kwezempilo okuseqophelweni eliphezulu.
Umnotho waseVenezuela usancike kuwoyela, kodwa ngokungafani nezikhathi zangaphambili zomlando waseVenezuela imali kawoyela isisetshenziselwa ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabantu; futhi ngezinga elilinganiselwe lokwakha ingqalasizinda nokwandisa umkhiqizo omushaโezolimo, izingubo zokugqoka, ukuxhumana, izinto zokwakha, uwoyela nempahla yasemapulazini, njll. Inhloso iwukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwempahla futhi kube nokukhula okuthile nakuba kuhamba kancane. I-Venezuela ayiphumelelanga ekugcineni ukukhula okuqhubekayo, okuqhubekayo nokuqinile hhayi ezimbonini ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa ezolimo noma kwenye inhloso, ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwenani lamabhizinisi azilawulayo noma alawulwa abasebenzi.
I-Venezuela isiphumile ekubeni ngelinye lamazwe angalingani kakhulu emhlabeni ngeminyaka yawo-1990 mayelana nokusabalalisa imali engenayo yaya ezweni elilingana kakhulu eMelika. I-Gini coefficient yayo ekala ukungalingani kwemali engenayo, nalapho u-zero emelela ukulingana kwemali engenayo; futhi lapho kukhona ukungalingani okuphelele, cishe kungama-40. Leli liphansi kakhulu kune-coefficient yase-United States engama-47 nakuba lisangalingani kakhulu kunamazwe aseScandinavia.
UNicolรกs Maduro uqokwe njengoMongameli waseVenezuela ngo-Okthoba, 2013 njengekhandidethi leqembu elibusayo, i-United Socialist Party yaseVenezuela (i-PSUV) okhethweni olwalusondele kakhulu. Ngaphambilini, wayengumhleli wezabasebenzi, ungqongqoshe wezangaphandle kanye nePhini likaMongameli ngemuva kokhetho lwango-2012. Ipolitiki yakhe, imibono kanye nombono wakhe ngeVenezuela ubonakala ufana noChavezโโSocialism for the 21st Centuryโ, ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlalakahle yomphakathi kanye nentando yeningi yokubamba iqhaza enepolitiki eqinile emelene nama impiriyali. UMaduro uthatha ubugebengu ngokungathi sรญna futhi ingxenye enkulu, ufaka amademoni abaphikisi kancane kunoChรกvez. Unokusekelwa okuningi kodwa hhayi uthando olufanayo lwabantu uChรกvez ayenalo.
Kunezinkinga ezinkulu eVenezuela. Izinkinga abezindaba abajwayelekile base-US abagxile kuzo zingokoqobo kodwa zikhulunywe ngokweqile. Kunjalo:
1) Ukwehla kwamandla emaliโlokhu kuyinkinga yangempela; kodwa akukusha. Ukwehla kwamandla emali bekungama-56% ngonyaka odlule; selifinyelele cishe ku-25% kusukela ngo-1998 kodwa lalingaphezulu kakhulu ngeminyaka yawo-1990. Nokho ubumpofu buqhubekile nokwehla kancane naphezu kwaleli zinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokwehla kwamandla emali. Iningi lamaholo abasebenzi likhuphuke ngezinga elisondelene nelokwehla kwamandla emali. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iholo langempela liyagcinwa. Lokhu kusebenza kulabo abahola iholo elincane elikhuphuke cishe ngama-60% ngonyaka odlule. Abantu abaningi abasemkhakheni ongekho emthethweni, abasacela ku-40% wabasebenzi nakuba bengaphansi kwephesenti langaphambi kuka-1998 labasebenzi, bangakhuphula amanani entengo yezimpahla abazithengisayo njengoba amanani enyuka, ngaleyo ndlela bagcine iholo labo langempela. Uma ngikhuluma ngomkhakha ongekho emthethweni ngiqonde abantu babo bonke ubudala okuhlanganisa izingane ezidayisa emgwaqeni, emabhasini, ezitokoleni ezincane, ezimakethe, njll.
Ngokuyisisekelo, ukwehla kwamandla emali eVenezuela kubangelwa umnotho ohlelwe uwoyela; lapho uwoyela ungenisa imali engenayo enkulu kokubili kubasebenzi bakawoyela nemikhakha ehlobene futhi uxhasa ngezimali izinhlelo zomphakathi. Lokhu kusetshenziswa okuvamile kwemali etholwayo kawoyela kuwukwenyuka kwamanani entengo ngoba ukukhiqizwa kweminye imikhakha akukakakhuli ngokwanele ukuze kufane nesidingo esikhulayo ngakho amanani alokhu enyuka. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe okugcina kushibhile kunezimpahla ezikhiqizwa kuleli. Isibonelo, ngenxa yokwenyuka kwamanani okuqhubekayo eVenezuela kushibhile ukuthenga izimpahla, isb, irayisi laseColombia, kunokulitshala ekhaya.
I-Venezuela ithumela ngaphandle kancane ngaphandle kukawoyela njengoba izimpahla zaseVenezuela zibiza kakhulu ukuthi zingathunyelwa ngezinga elisemthethweni lokushintshisana le-Bolรญvar kuya kudola. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukwehla kwamandla emali, amanani entengo enyuka nakakhulu, iVenezuela izamile ukulungisa inani lemali yayo edolani isaba ukwehlisa inani leBolรญvar, okungukuthi, ukukhulisa inani lamaBolivars kuya kudola, kuzonyusa izindleko zokuphila njengentengo. kokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kungakhuphuka. Uhulumeni waseVenezuela ubeke umkhawulo ekushintsheni kohlobo lwemali yakhe, wabeka umkhawulo ekuhwebeni kweBolivars ngamadola noma ezinye izinhlobo zemali ezinkulu zomhlaba.
Ngakho-ke, imakethe emnyama yamadola isebenze ngokuhambisana nezinga elisemthethweni elingama-bolivar ayisithupha kudola. Izinga lemakethe elimnyama leBolรญvar lafinyelela ku-90 kuya kweyodwa ngoFebhuwari, 2014. Lesi zinga lokushintshwa okuphezulu kwedola ligqugquzelwa ukudayiswa okulinganiselwe kwamadola nguhulumeni waseVenezuela kanye nokuqagela okunamandla ngokumelene neBolรญvar, okungukuthi, ukugembula ukuthi inani I-Bolรญvar izoqhubeka nokuwa futhi idola lizokhuphuka ngokuthenga amadola ngama-Bolivars.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi imali eningi ingenziwa ngokuthola ama-dollar ngenani elisemthethweni lama-Bolivars ayisithupha edola elilodwa, (isb., ukuhamba phesheya) bese uthengisa amadola emakethe emnyama ngama-50 noma angama-60 noma angama-90 kuye kwayi-1. Ngaphezu kwalokho. , abangenisi bezimpahla bangathenga izimpahla ngemali ephansi phesheya basebenzisa isilinganiso sesithupha kuya kwelilodwa ukuze bathole amadola kodwa bangakwazi ukuthengisa lezi zimpahla eVenezuela eBolivars ngamanani amakhulu entengo. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kuqhubezela phambili ukwehla kwamandla emali. Uhulumeni wanquma enyangeni edlule ekuqaleni kukaNdasa, 2014 ukwenza amadola engeziwe atholakale ngesilinganiso sokushintshana esinqunyiwe esiseduze nemakethe. Lesi senzo singase sephule ukuqagela ngokumelene ne-Bolรญvar futhi sehlise kakhulu inani lemakethe emnyama. Kuyadingeka futhi intengo yedola emakethe emnyama iwile cishe ku-55 kuya ku-1; izowa ngaphezulu.
Omunye osanda kubuya eVenezuela wangitshela ukuthi uma umuntu esebenzisa isilinganiso esisemthethweni sama-Bolivars angu-6 kuya ku-1, lapho ethenga imali yendawo. I-Venezuela iyizwe elibiza kakhulu emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, uma usebenzisa izinga lokushintshanisa imali yemakethe emnyama ukushintsha amadola kumaBolivars, iVenezuela iyizwe elishibhe kunawo wonke.
2) Ukushoda-kukhona ukwanda kokushoda kwempahla, isibonelo, ufulawa, amafutha okupheka, i-toilet paper. Abantu bavame ukulinda emigqeni amahora amaningi ezitolo ezizimele kanye nakwaMercals, uhulumeni uqhuba futhi ezitolo ezithengisa ukudla ezikhokhelwayo ukuze bathenge izinto ezidingekayo ezithengwayo. Ngokuvamile amashalofu azo awanalutho. Kuwukuphazamiseka kwangempela kodwa ayikho indlala noma ukushoda okujwayelekile kokudla kukonke. Ngisho nango-2013, unyaka we-inflation ephezulu kanye nokushoda okwandisiwe, ukusetshenziswa kwangempela kwanda kancane.
Ukwandisa umkhiqizo wasekhaya wokudla nezinye izimpahla kubalulekile ukuze kuqedwe ukungafani phakathi kwesidingo esikhulayo esiphinde sibe umphumela wamandla amakhulu okuthenga amakilasi athandwayo kanye nokwenyuka okuhamba kancane kokuhlinzekwa kwempahla kule minyaka eyi-15 edlule.
3) Ubugebengu obunodlame buyinkinga yangempela futhi ebucayi. Kunezinga eliphezulu lokubulala nokugetshengwa. Lokhu akukusha futhi akucaci ukuthi inyuke kakhulu yini eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Njengoba ngishilo, uMaduro ubuthatha ngokungathi sรญna ubugebengu obunobudlova. Umbutho wamaphoyisa kazwelonke omusha ususunguliwe, ngethemba ukuthi uzovala isikhala samaphoyisa anodlame, angasebenzi kahle futhi avame ukuba nesihluku kanye nobugebengu. Amanyuvesi amasha amaphoyisa agcizelela ukuhlonishwa kwamalungelo abantu kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamaphoyisa obugebengu obunodlame. Kulawo ma-barrio lapho kunemisebenzi eminingi yezamasiko entsheni enjengomculo, ezemidlalo nezobuciko, ubugebengu obunodlame obenziwa ikakhulukazi yizinsizwa buyehlile.
Zonke lezi zinkinga ezintathu zezenhlalakahle nezomnotho azikwazi ukusolwa kuphela ekuthunjweni okubangelwa yi-elite yaseVenezuela kanye ne-US Ngokuqinisekile i-United States yenze lolu hlobo lokunciphisa umnotho esikhathini esidlule; isibonelo, iChile ekuqaleni kwawo-1970 kanye neNicaragua ngawo-1980. Umzamo wase-US wokunqoba lokho okubizwa ngokuthi eVenezuela, inguquko yaseBolivarian noma "el proceso' noma i-Chavismo, iyisici sangempela eVenezuela futhi kufanele siphikise kodwa mhlawumbe akuyona imbangela eyinhloko yalezi zinkinga. Ingxenye yembangela yenkinga yokushoda nokwehla kwamandla emali isukela ekunikezelweni emuva kwezimpahla zabathengi ngabahlinzeki nabathengisi, ukulinda intengo ukuthi yenyuke kakhulu noma ukuqhubeka nokunganeliseki ngohulumeni abaphikisana naye kabuhlungu.
Izimbangela Zemibhikisho
Imibhikisho yasemgwaqweni eVenezuela yaqala cishe ezinyangeni ezimbili ezedlule, ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari, 2014. Kunezikhalo ezisemthethweni zabaningi bababhikishi, isibonelo, ukwehla kwamandla emali, ubugebengu kanye nokushoda engisanda kukusho. Kuphinde kube nezinkinga eziqhubekayo zokukhetha izihlobo, inkohlakalo, ukubusa, nokungasebenzi kahle kukahulumeni. Abafundi basenyuvesi, ababhikishayo futhi abathola ukunakwa kakhulu emithonjeni yezokuxhumana nejwayelekile yase-US, abaveli emanyuvesi lapho amakilasi adumile kanye nezingane zabo zifunda khona-Amanyuvesi ase-Bolivia. Abafundi ababhikishayo bavela emanyuvesi azimele nasemanyuvesi azimele njengeCentral University eCaracas kanye neNyuvesi yase-Andes eMรฉrida. Lawa manyuvesi, nakuba asesidlangalaleni, athola ikakhulukazi emalini eholayo emaphakathi nasekilasini eliphezulu laseVenezuela futhi kukhona umnyakazo wabafundi lapho ophikisana nezinguquko zezenhlalo eziqhubekayo eVenezuela. Izikhalo zabo ikakhulukazi zimayelana nomphakathi nakuba iningi lababhikishi liphikisana nokuvulelwa amanyuvesi abo emakilasini adumile.
Abafundi bebeyingxenye yemibhikisho emelene nohulumeni okubalwa kuyona enodlame. Ubuholi buwuphiko lwesokudla lwaseVenezuela; ngisho kwesokudla sika-Henrique Capriles, umbusi waseMiranda, kanye nekhandidethi eliphikisayo lika-2012 no-2013 likaMongameli. Bahlanganisa u-Maria Corina Machado kanye no-Leopoldo Lopez, bobabili ababambe iqhaza ekuketulweni kombuso kuka-April 2002 okuhlulekile ngokumelene no-Chรกvez, nabaholi beqembu lezombusazwe elincane nelingakwesokudla, i-Popular Will Party. Bakubeke kwacaca ukuthi inhloso yabo ukuketula uhulumeni, abakubiza ngokuthi, i-La Salida, futhi bahambise iVenezuela kude kwesokudla, ku-neoliberalism enegunya. Umbhikisho wangoFebhuwari 12, 2014 u-Lopez akhuluma ngawo waba nodlame. Waboshwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva futhi uboshiwe kusukela lapho. Ukuboshwa nokuboshwa kwakhe kuyaqondakala, nakuba kufanele akhululwe ukuze abhekane necala.
Imibhikisho nemigoqo isezindaweni ezingcono, ezicebile zaseCaracas nakwamanye amadolobha afana ne-Mรฉrida neSan Cristรณbal eSifundazweni SaseTรกchira lapho iqale khona. . Bakuwo wonke amadolobha amakhulu aseVenezuela kodwa cishe bonke bahola imali ephakathi nendawo kanye nemiphakathi ecebile, hhayi ezigodini.
I-US nakanjani idlala indima ekusekeleni imibhikisho emelene nohulumeni. I-National Endowment for Democracy (engayikhuthazi intando yeningi noma engahloniphi ukuzinqumela kweminye imiphakathi) inikela okungenani izigidi ezinhlanu ngonyaka kubafundi nakwamanye amaqembu aphiko lwesokudla ayefuna ukuketulwa kukaChรกvez futhi manje acele ukuketulwa kukaMaduro. kanye ne-PSUV, iqembu le-Chรกvez ne-Maduro, elinenqwaba enkulu emhlanganweni omkhulu kanye nezinga loMbuso kanye nomasipala. INational Endowment for Democracy yasekela amaqembu abandakanyeka ekuketulweni kwamasosha ngo-April, 2002 ngokumelene noChรกvez futhi yanikeza imali emaqenjini aholwa nguLopez noMachado. .
Kungenzeka ukuthi i-right-wing eVenezuela yanquma ukuhlela imibhikisho yasemgwaqweni egcwele impi, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-Molotov cocktail ngokumelene nezakhiwo zikahulumeni nezikhungo zomphakathi ezifana nemitholampilo yezempilo ngoba baqaphela ngemuva kokubonisa kwabo okubuthakathaka okhethweni lomasipala lwango-December 2013 ukuthi babengekho. uzowina futhi athathe kabusha amandla ngendlela yokhetho. Ekufundeni kwami โโumlando waseChile, isinqumo sokuketula u-Salvador Allende senziwa ngemuva kokuthi iqembu lika-Allende i-Unidad Popular (UP), likhulise ukwesekwa okhethweni lomasipala lwango-1972 kusukela ekuboniseni kwalo ngo-1970. Amasosha aseChile kanye namasosha aseChile anquma ukuthi ukhetho ngeke luwabuyisele emandleni ngakho anquma ukuketula umbuso. U-Leopoldo Lopez kanye nohlangothi lwesokudla kungenzeka bafinyelele esiphethweni esifanayo ngeVenezuela.
Inkinga eyinhloko eVenezuela ukuthi kunokwehlukana okuyisisekelo mayelana nesimo somphakathi waseVenezuela. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, njengoba kuye kwacaca kusukela ekuketulweni kombuso we-right-wing ka-2002, ukuthi iningi labantu abahola imali ephakathi kanye nabacebile baseVenezuela abawamukeli umphakathi lapho bengasawabizi khona, ngokwesiko nepolitiki; lapho bengasekho enkabeni yeVenezuela. Ukucwasa ngokwebala nakho kuphakathi nendawo futhi akulula ukucasha ngabaphikisayo. Labo abazuzwe kulolu shintsho oluqhubekayo lwezomnotho nezenhlalakahle kube yizigaba ezithandwayo, abantu abaningi kakhulu abangabomdabu, ama-Afrika noma axube aseYurophu, ama-Afrika kanye nemvelaphi yendabuko. Lezi zinzuzo ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, imisebenzi, imfundo, izinhlelo zezenhlalakahle, nokufakwa kungaba ngaphansi kokuhlaselwa kanzima uma ukuphikiswa kubuya amandla aphezulu.
Labo abangakwemukeli lesi sinyathelo sokuya emphakathini onobulungisa ngokwenhlalo nezomnotho โbamhlopheโ ngendlela engafanele ezweni lapho iningi labantu lingebona. Abacebile ngokomlando benze kahle kwezomnotho kusukela ngokhetho luka-1998 luka-Hugo Chรกvez kodwa balahlekelwe amandla abo ezombusazwe futhi besaba noma yikuphi ukuqondiswa komphakathi wentando yeningi wentando yeningi nakuba iVenezuela isewumphakathi wonxiwankulu. Yiqiniso, abantu abaningi abampofu noma abaseduze abampofu bayaphikisana ne-Chavismo, futhi kukhona bobabili abantu ababecebile ngaphambi kuka-1998 noma sebecebile futhi benamandla kusukela ngo-1998, abasekela uhulumeni oholwa yi-PSUV noma abayingxenye yawo. Iphuzu lami liwukuthi izigaba kanye nezigaba ziyahlukana kanye nokuhlukana kobuhlanga okuxhumene kuyisihluthulelo; isigaba kanye "nohlanga" kubalulekile ukuqonda iVenezuela namuhla kanye nemibhikisho yamanje emelene nohulumeni kanye nemigoqo. Njengamanje, kunemibhikisho embalwa noma izimpawu zokubhikisha okukhulu ngokumelene nohulumeni waseVenezuela ezinqabeni, abantu abahola kancane kanye nemiphakathi yabasebenzi, nasezindaweni zasemaphandleni zaseVenezuela.
Imithombo yezindaba yase-US kanye neyaseVenezuela zidwebe isithombe seVenezuela njengendawo yombhikisho omkhulu odume ngokucindezela uhulumeni abezindaba kanye nengcindezelo ebulalayo.
Media
Iningi lemithombo yezindaba enkulu eVenezuela yanamuhla iyimfihlo. Kukhona nemithombo yezindaba yomphakathi neyomphakathi. Iziteshi eziningi zikamabonakude ezizimele zazibambe iqhaza emzamweni wokuketula umbuso ngo-2002. Namuhla, iningi labantu baseVenezuela lisabuka iziteshi ze-TV zezinkampani ezizimele. Iningi lalezi ziteshi kanye namaphephandaba amaningi amakhulu, nakuba ehluke kancane kwezombusazwe kunango-2002, aphikisana nohulumeni kanye ne-Chavista. Azikaze zikhishwe emoyeni, zivinjelwe ukuphrinta futhi nezinkundla zokuxhumana azivaliwe. Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezifana ne-Facebook ne-Twitter bezisebenza ikakhulukazi futhi azinembile ekuvezeni iVenezuela njengezwe lamaphoyisa elinengcindezi elicindezela abezindaba ngokuphelele.
Imithombo yezindaba yase-US evamile (isb., i-CNN, i-Washington Post, i-New York Times, i-NBC, njll.) inokuchema okunamandla kakhulu okulwa no-Chรกvez kanye nobutha obuqhubekayo ekwakhiweni kwe-socialism yekhulu lama-21 eVenezuela. I-New York Times, nakuba ngokuvamile imelene noguquko lwaseVenezuela ngokubika okuchemile, iye yalinganisela kancane muva nje, yaze yavuma nokuthi ezindaweni ezimpofu zaseCaracas, azikho izimpawu zokubhikisha.
Kusukela ngo-2003, kube nokukhula kwemithombo yezindaba yomphakathi, ikakhulukazi umsakazo kanye ne-TV, evame ukusekelwa ngokwezimali nguhulumeni waseVenezuela kodwa hhayi ngaphansi kokulawula kwakhe. Ukukhula kusemqoka ekuthuthukisweni kwentando yeningi yokubamba iqhaza e-Venezuela.
Ukucindezelwa
Ngokwazi kwami, ukufa kwe-40 ezinyangeni ezimbili ezedlule kuxhunywe nemibhikisho (Bheka i-Venezuelanalysis.com, Ephreli 5, 2014). Kulaba, abahlanu bekungababhikishi abamelene nohulumeni ababulawa ngamasosha kahulumeni. Kwabanye abashonile, okungenani abahlanu bekuyizakhamizi ezingohulumeni, abayisithupha bekuyiNational Guard, kanti abambalwa kube yizingozi, eziboshwe ngokungaqondile emibhikishweni. Isibonelo, abambalwa kwabashonile kwakungabantu ababegula kakhulu futhi abakwazanga ukudlula lapho bekuvinjwe khona kusenesikhathi ukuze bathole usizo lwezokwelashwa. Abashayeli bezithuthuthu ababili banqunywe amakhanda ngezintambo ezibekwe entanyeni eduze kwemibhikisho. Lesi bekuyisiphakamiso esibhalwe kuTwitter yilowo owayenguJenene ophiko lwesokudla, u-Angel Vivas. Sekuke kwaba nokusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokweqile kwamanye amaphoyisa namanye amasosha kahulumeni. Uhulumeni ubophe amanye amaphoyisa kanye nonogada beNational Guard ngokusebenzisa amandla nodlame ngokweqile, waphinde waxosha abanye, lokho kukhombisa ukuthi ingcindezelo ebulalayo akuyona inqubomgomo kahulumeni. UMongameli uNicolรกs Maduro usanda kumisa uMkhandlu Wamalungelo Abantu onamalungu kazwelonke nakwamanye amazwe, okuhlanganisa nezinhlangano zamalungelo abantu ezingalawulwa uhulumeni ezinqubweni zaseVenezuela โezihloselwe ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwamalungelo abantu ngokukhululekile nokuvikelwa nokulondolozwa kwawo. โIzophenya ngemibhikisho yakamuva kanye neziyaluyalu. Kuwuphawu olunikeza ithemba.
Sekuqalile inkhulumomphendvulwano kazwelonke ngesimo samanje kusukela ngomhlaka-27 Feb, 2014. Izinhlangano zomphakathi, izikhulu zikahulumeni, isonto, izinhlangano ezinkulu zamabhizinisi, iFedecamaras yaba khona. Kwaba njalo nabanikazi bePolar, inkampane yokudla enkulu kunazo zonke eVenezuela namaqembu athile aphikisayo. Yona kanye noMkhandlu Wamalungelo Abantu kuze kube manje badube umfelandawonye omkhulu ophikisayo, i-MUD, i-Mesa de la Union Democratica., Akukho okuningi osekuvele kude kangaka kule ngxoxo kodwa kungase kube isiqalo sengxoxo eqhubekayo yezindaba ezibalulekile ngisho umehluko mkhulu.
Ingxoxo yinhle nakuba ngicabanga ukuthi kungaba iphutha ukuhambisa ezomnotho nezombusazwe eVenezuela ngendlela eqondile ukuze kushwelezwe abakwesokudla. Amaqembu aphikisayo ahlukene phakathi kwalabo abafana noLeopoldo Lopez kanye noMaria Corina Machado abazibophezele ukuketula uMaduro ngemibhikisho ekhulayo kanye neziyaluyalu, kanye nalabo abafana noHenrique Capriles, umongameli wamaqembu aphikisayo ngo-2012 kanye no-2013, ofuna ukuba kubuyiselwe emuva inhlolovo ka-2016. , uma kuphasiswa, kuzophoqa uMaduro ukuthi ehle esikhundleni njengoMengameli.
IkusasaโKubonakala sengathi umbhikisho omelene nohulumeni, nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi uqhubeke udlondlobale. Muva nje, izibalo zemibhikisho kanye nasezindaweni ezivinjiwe nezivimbamgwaqo zibonakala zincipha.
Kudingeka inkhulumomphendvulwano kazwelonke mayelana nenkinga ethile enkulu eVenezuela. Nokho, ikhambi akukona ukuletha ilungelo kuhulumeni ukuze abuse njengohulumeni wobumbano. Kunalokho, okudingekayo kuphambene nalokho okufunwa ubuholi bophiko lwesokudla lwemibhikisho. Okudingekayo wukujula koguqukoโ ukukhula komnotho wezenhlalakahle kanye nokukhula nokujula kwentando yeningi yokuhlanganyela. Ngomnotho womphakathi, ngiqonde ukukhiqiza okungekona okwenzuzo, okungokwasesidlangalaleni noma okungokwabasebenzi, futhi okulawulwa isisebenzi nomphakathi.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwandiswe; iSocialism imayelana nokungaphezu kokuhlinzeka ngezidingo eziyisisekelo kanye nokunciphisa ubumpofu; kufanele futhi kube mayelana nokukhiqiza okuningi kwalokho okudliwayo kanye nokuzilawula kwabasebenzi emsebenzini okudidiyelwe nemiphakathi ebazungezile. Kanye nabasebenzi, abathengi kufanele babambe iqhaza ezinqumweni zokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa - endaweni ezungezile, nasekuhlanganiseni nasekuhleleni ukubamba iqhaza kokukhiqiza nokusabalalisa. Ukwandisa umkhiqizo kanye nokukhiqiza kubalulekile ekwehliseni ukushoda kanye nokwehla kwamandla emali. Izilawuli zamanani zinendima okufanele ziyidlale kodwa ngeke zisebenze ngaphandle uma kukhona ukwanda kokukhiqizwa nokukhiqiza kanye nokusabalalisa okuphumelelayo kokufakwayo kanye nempahla yokugcina.
Inkohlakalo, ukucwasana ngezihlobo, ukubusa, imfucuza, kanye nobugebengu obunodlame kumele kubhekwane nayo ngokwethembeka nangokugcwele futhi kwehliswe kakhulu. Lokhu kuzodinga ukuzibophezela kukahulumeni ekuqedeni inkohlakalo, kanye nezinhlangano ezisuka ezimpandeni ezifunayo kanye nokwakha amandla okuphonsela inselelo uhulumeni kanye ne-PSUV, iqembu elibusayo lezombusazwe. Baningi, abantu abaningi abalungile nabathembekile ku-PSUV abazibophezele kwi-socialism yaseVenezuela ekhulwini lama-21 kodwa futhi baningi abasebenzisa la mazwi ukuze bazithuthukise, abaphikisana nentando yeningi yokubamba iqhaza kanye namandla athandwayo.
Ngakho kunezinkinga zangempela eVenezuela. Nokho akusiyo yonke imibhikisho emihle ngoba nje iyimibhikisho. Inhloso yemibhikisho yamanje ukumisa ukuqhubekela phambili kwezinzuzo zenqubo yaseVenezuela, izinguquko ezinkulu nezinhle nakuba zingaphelele kusukela ngo-1998. Lokhu akusho ukuthi kufanele sikhiphe amademoni bonke ababhikishi, kodwa kufanele siqaphele ukuthi inhloso yonke yokugcina izinyanga ezimbili zezenzo zomgwaqo kube wukuhambisa iVenezuela kwesokudla. Okungukuthi, emphakathini obuswa yilabo ababevame ukubusa iVenezuela futhi bahlele izidingo zabathile abanelungelo kanye nomngane oseduze we-United States. Imibhikisho yaseVenezuela ayifani nakancane ne-Occupy Wall Street noma imibhikisho emelene nobungqongqoshe eYurophu nakwamanye amazwe.
Futhi akuzona zonke izifundazwe noma ohulumeni ababi. Ngokwebhalansi, izwe laseVenezuela elinoHugo Chรกvez futhi manje, uNicolรกs Maduro, benze izinguquko ezinkulu nezinhle, ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Sola ohulumeni kodwa khumbula ukuthi usayizi owodwa awulingani konke.
Yini Okufanele Siyenze Lapha?
I-1) Kufanele sifune ukuphela koxhaso lwe-US lwabaphikisi eVenezuela kanye nokuphela kwazo zonke izinhlobo zokungenelela kwe-US eVenezuela. Cabanga nje uma iChina, i-Iran noma iRussia isekela ngokusobala ukuketulwa kukahulumeni wase-US. U-Kerry no-Obama baphumele obala ngokweseka kwabo iqembu eliphikisa uChรกvez noMaduro. I-US yasekela umzamo wokuketula umbuso ngo-2002 eVenezuela. Uhulumeni wase-US akanalo ilungelo lokungenelela eVenezuela. Ilungelo lokuzibusa kweVenezuela lisho ukuthi abantu baseVenezuela kufanele banqume ngekusasa labo, hhayi i-United States ebambe iqhaza elicindezela kangaka emlandweni waseVenezuela naseLatin America. Funa ukuthi uhulumeni wase-United States angangeneleli nganoma iyiphi indlela; baphikise izinqumo zikahulumeni wase-US ezigxeka uhulumeni waseVenezuela futhi ezicela unswinyo!
2) Funda kabanzi ngokwenzeka eVenezuelaโbhala izincwadi eziya kumhleli; thumela ukubukwa okuhlukile kokuvezwa okujwayelekile kweVenezuela kuFacebook, ezinkundleni zokuxhumana; hlela izingxoxo ngeVenezuela eqenjini lakho lomphakathi, esontweni, ekolishi, nomakhelwane, abangani, njll.
Ngiphakamisa ukuthi thina njengabantu, izishoshovu, kanye nabantu abathintekayo sisekele uhulumeni waseVenezuela ngokujulile ngokumelene nokuhlaselwa kwawo. Izindlela ezihlukile zonxiwankulu kanye nobunxiwankulu bamanje bomhlaba wonke zidingeka ngokuphuthumayo; masisekele ngokujulile futhi sibe nobumbano nezinhlangano eziqinile zomphakathi kodwa futhi ngaphezu kwalokho. I-Venezuela iyisibonelo esihle, somphakathi lapho izimpilo zeningi zithuthuka kanye nohulumeni oweseka ngezinsizakusebenza nenqubomgomo yakhe ukwakhiwa kwamandla ngaphansi. Lena imikhandlu yomphakathi, imiphakathi, abezindaba zomphakathi, kanye (nakuba kancane kancane) izindawo zokusebenza eziphethwe ngokwazo. Ukukhula kokutholakala kokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nemfundo kuyakhuthaza. Kuthembele kakhulu emalini kawoyela kanye nowoyela kodwa ngaphezu kwanoma yiliphi izwe emhlabeni imali etholwa ngowoyela isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa nokuqeda ubumpofu. Kukhona ukukhula kwamalungelo omdabu abhalwe kuMthethosisekelo, kanye namalungelo akhulayo ezomnotho nawenhlalo, nakuba enganele, kwabesifazane nakubantu be-LGBT. Kunezinyathelo ezincane eziya phambili ekulawuleni ukudla kanye nenqubomgomo emelene ne-GMO. Konke lokhu akuphelele kodwa yiliphi elinye izwe elenza kakhulu ekuguquleni? Kufanele sizijwayeze ukwesekwa okubucayi ngokuphambene nokugxeka, noma ukunganaki noma ukwesekwa okungagxeki.
Kufanele sifunde ngeVenezuela futhi sizithobe futhi sibe nesizotha ekugxekeni kwethu. Masingakhethi futhi senze u-Chรกvez nohulumeni waseVenezuela abe nothando kodwa singavumeli ukugxeka kubuse ukuqonda kwethu nezenzo zethu. Kube khona ukuthuthuka okubalulekile ezimpilweni zabantu baseVenezuela, ikakhulukazi ukufakwa kwabampofuโlabo ababekade bengabandakanywa futhi bebandlululwa. Okunye okubaluleke kakhulu kube yindima yeVenezuela eLatin America nakwamanye amazwe. Ngokudlala indima enkulu ekwakhiweni kweqembu elifana ne-The Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas (ALBA), kanye noMphakathi Wamazwe aseLatin America naseCaribbean (CELAC), kanye neBank of the South (Banocsur), iVenezuela inselele futhi iyinselele. I-United States kanye nokubusa kwenhloko-dolobha yamazwe ngamazwe eLatin America nasemhlabeni. Lokho kanye โnosongo lwesibonelo esihleโ kuwubugebengu baseVenezuela โkubabusi base-United States kanye nesigaba sonxiwankulu bomhlaba wonke eVenezuela. Ungawi ngombono we-CNN, Seattle Times, Huffington Post, noma umbono weNational Public Radio mayelana nokuthi kwenzekani e-Venezuela.
Umsebenzi wethu uwukubekela inselele ukuhlanekezelwa okumayelana ne-Venezuela okuvela kuhulumeni wethu nabezindaba kanye nokuphikisa zonke izinhlobo zokungenelela kwe-US. Ubumbano abusho nje kuphela ubumbano nabantu namaqembu aseVenezuela asebenzela ubulungiswa bezomnotho nezenhlalakahle kodwa futhi nohulumeni wabo kanye nesistimu yezomnotho. Akusho futhi ukuma ngokubhuqa. Ukuketulwa kukahulumeni waseVenezuela kungaba yisithiyo esikhulu kubantu emhlabeni wonke abazibophezele ekuqedeni ubumpofu nokudala enye indlela esikhundleni sobunxiwankulu bomhlaba kanye ne-neoliberalism.
Si Se Puede. Ngiyabonga!
U-Peter Bohmer uyisishoshovu sesikhathi eside sokulwa nokucwasa, ukulwa nezimpi kanye nobumbano. Ufundisa umnotho wezepolitiki e-Evergreen State College e-Olympia, eWashington futhi usechithe izinyanga ezimbalwa eVenezuela okuhlanganisa nokuthatha abafundi base-Evergreen nelinye ilungu lobuhlakani, u-Anne Fischel, bayofunda khona izinyanga ezimbili ngo-2009 kanye nezinyanga ezimbili ngo-2012.
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