Umthombo: Kulezi Zikhathi
Iminyaka eyishumi edlule iphawule inkathi yemibhikisho emikhulu. Kusukela ku-Occupy Wall Street kuya ku-Movement for Black Lives, kusukela #Nami futhi kuya ekuphikisaneni noTrump, ukusuka kumamashi asekela abokufika kuye ekugqugquzeleni ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu — eminye yemibhikisho emikhulukazi emlandweni waseMelika isize ekuguquleni ukwazi komphakathi futhi yabeka izindaba zokungabi nabulungisa ohlelweni lomphakathi. Nokho abahumushi ngaso sonke isikhathi uguquko oluzwakalayo ezingeni lomthetho kanye nenqubomgomo yomphakathi. Abenzi bomthetho eWashington, D.C., amahholo amadolobha nezishayamthetho zezifundazwe ezweni lonke bayephuza ukwenza ngokuvumelana nezimfuno zomnyakazo, futhi ukusekelwa ngisho nosopolitiki abanozwela ngokuvamile kuvame ukuba ngaphezu kwenkulumo nje.
Ngokubona ukuthi badinga ompetha kuhulumeni, izinhlangano zezenhlalakahle ziye zasabela ngokuthakasela kakhulu ipolitiki yokhetho. Namuhla, izinzuzo zalokhu kutshalwa kwezimali seziqala ukubonakala: izishoshovu zomphakathi zithathe izihlalo emikhandlwini yamadolobha, abameli besifunda abathuthukayo badedele izintambo."umthetho nokuhleleka” abasesikhundleni kanye namalungu ophiko lwesokunxele e-Squad bajoyine i-U.S. Congress. Kodwa njengoba oshampeni benhlangano beqala ukusebenza, amaqembu aphansi abhekene neqiniso elimangalisayo: Ngezinye izikhathi ukuwina ukhetho kuyisiqalo . Ukuthola ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo yinto ukunyakaza okungakakuhlelele ngokwanele.
Ukuze kuxazululwe le nselele, inani elandayo labahleli namaqembu enhlangano liye lawukhuthaza umbono wokuthi"ukubusa ngokubambisana.” Uma umqondo ongacacile ungavamile ukushiwo ngaphandle kwemibuthano yezemfundo, leli gama lithatha impilo nenjongo entsha kwezombusazwe zase-U.S. njengoba izinhlangano ezisemazingeni aphansi zilisebenzisa ukuze lichaze imodeli ecatshangelwe kabusha ngokuphelele yobambiswano phakathi kokunyakaza kanye nosopolitiki.
Kwesinye isikhathi isetshenziswa ngokuhambisana namanye amagama anjengokuthi"ukubusa kwenhlangano,”"ukubusa ngokubambisana,” noma"ipolitiki yangaphandle,” ukubusa ngokubambisana kusho isethi yezinqubo izinhlangano zomphakathi nezikhulu ezikhethiwe ezingaxhumanisa futhi zenze amasu ndawonye ekusebenziseni amandla ezwe.
U-Lizeth Chacon, uMqondisi Omkhulu Oyinhloko e-Colorado People’s Alliance kanye nomongameli webhodi le-People’s Action — inethiwekhi ehamba phambili yamaqembu omphakathi akhuthaza umqondo wokubusa ngokubambisana—uthi ukuthi ngaphansi kwale modeli:"Izikhulu ezikhethiwe akumele zisiphathe njengamavoti okumele awine kodwa njengabahlanganyeli ekubuseni, kuqala — noma esikhathini eside ngaphambi kwalokho — umkhondo womkhankaso.” Noma njengeNdlela Yokuwina, iqembu elidalelwe ukuhlela abanikeli ukuze basekele imizamo eqhubekayo, likubeka:"Ukubusa ngokubambisana kuwukumelela okujulile, yilokho intando yeningi okufanele ibukeke .”
Ukuphendula ubizo ngokunyakaza, izikhulu ezikhethiwe ezivela Minneapolis kuya Philadelphia kuya I-New York City nangale bawamukele umqondo. U-Jillian Johnson, i-Mayor Pro Tem yase-Durham, North Carolina kanye nomhleli womphakathi osenesikhathi eside, kamuva nje. utshele I-Forge,"Ngizamile ukusebenzisa ukuzibophezela kwami kwefilosofi ekubuseni ngokubambisana ngangokunokwenzeka namaqembu abelana ngezimiso zami futhi abelana ngezinhloso zami. " Futhi iLungu leKhansela leDolobha laseDenver elithuthukayo uCandi CdeBaca limenyezelwe emgudwini womkhankaso,"Ngigijima ngoba ngikholelwa ukuthi singasukuma ndawonye ngokukhula okuqotho, ezokuthutha ezigxile kubantu, kanye nokuphatha ngokubambisana kwedolobha lakithi.
Njengoba lo mqondo uzuza amandla, abahleli sebeqala ukubheka ukuthi usho ukuthini ekusebenzeni: Yiziphi izindlela zokubusa ngokubambisana, futhi yiziphi izingibe zakho? Ukubuyekezwa kokuthi amaqembu enhlangano ezweni lonke asebenzisa kanjani uhlaka kukhombisa ukuthi, nakuba ukubusa ngokubambisana kusahlolwa, abameli bakho benze intuthuko enkulu ngokubuza imibuzo ebalulekile mayelana namasu okhetho — nokusebenzela ukwenza indlela engcono yokuthi ungabambisana kanjani. nompetha babo ehhovisi.
Osopolitiki be-Monolithic kanye nesenzo seqoqo
Ukubusa ngokubambisana kuqala ngokwenqaba umbono wokuthi singamane sikhethe abantu abalungile ezikhundleni bese sithemba ukuthi bazokwenza okufanele. Umbono ojwayelekile wepolitiki ovezwa kwabezindaba zaseMelika (futhi wamukelwe kabanzi umphakathi) ubheka izikhulu ezikhethiwe kusetshenziswa ilensi yomuntu ngamunye. Ibheka osopolitiki njengabaphathi i-monolithic amandla, abadlali abanqumayo abakwahlulela kwabo komuntu siqu, amakhono kanye namagugu alolonga izindaba zomphakathi. Igxila kancane kakhulu ekutheni uhlelo lwethu lwezomnotho kanye nomthelela wezithakazelo zemali zibakhawulela kanjani labo abafuna ukudala ushintsho ngaphakathi kohlelo. Lo mbono we-monolithic, nokugcizelela kwawo abadlali bodwa, uyangqubuzana nezimiso eziyisisekelo zokuhlela ukunyakaza, ezigcizelela ukuhlanganisa ngokuhlanganyela social amandla okuguqula umphakathi.
Kusuka kuJesse Jackson's Rainbow Coalition ku 1980s kwisiqubulo sikaBernie Sanders sika"Hhayi Mina, Thina” ku 2020, Ipolitiki yaseMelika ngezikhathi ezithile iye yabona imizamo yokusungula kabusha imikhankaso ngemibandela yenhlangano yezenhlalo. Kodwa, ngokuvamile, ngisho namakhandidethi anezizinda eziqinile zokuhlela azenzakalela ekulandiseni okujwayelekile kwesisebenzi sikahulumeni njengomuntu ngamunye.
Amaqembu e-Grassroots angakwazi ukuqinisa ngokungaqondile lokhu kuthambekela kumuntu ngamunye. Ngemuva kokhetho, ukunyakaza kuvame ukushiya osopolitiki bezenzela ezabo isikhathi eside, besondela kubo ukuze babuze ngezikhathi ezithile ezindabeni ezithile. Lokhu kuguquguquka ngokuvamile kuqhubeka kuze kube yilapho umnikazi wehhovisi enza isitatimende noma ephonsa ivoti elidumazayo, ngaleso sikhathi izishoshovu zikhuza isikhulu esonile ngemibhikisho noma ngokukhalaza. Njengesenzo Sabantu kuchaziwe eqenjini 2020 platform,"Kaningi… siphonsa isandla ukuze sisize ukuthi kukhethwe abantu abalungile, kodwa bese sikuyekela kubo ukuthi baphathe. Kufanele si'linda ubone’ ukuthi benza kanjani, kuyilapho bezama ukuzulazula ngengcindezi evela kwezinye izikhulu ezikhethiwe kanye nemali enkulu bebodwa. Lokhu ngokuvamile akupheli kahle.”
Uma izinhlangano zisebenzisana nosopolitiki, ukusebenzisana kwabo kuvame ekubeni ukwenzeka kwezinto: ukunyakaza kwenza imfuno encane, osopolitiki abangazama ukusinikeza noma bangazami ukusinikeza. Ukunqoba noma ukulahlekelwa, umphumela wesikhathi eside uyefana: osopolitiki bafika babheke ukunyakaza njengeqembu elilodwa elinentshisekelo phakathi kwabaningi ukuze bashweleze.
Ekugcineni, uhlobo lwamaqembu ezombusazwe ase-U.S. luyiqinisa nakakhulu inkinga. Emazweni aseNtshonalanga Yurophu, amaqembu ngokuvamile anemibono eqinile, abameleli babonakala ezinkundleni zalabo ababajoyinayo, futhi ubuholi beqembu bunamandla amakhulu okujezisa abameleli abephula izikhundla. Ngokuphambene, e-United States, izinkundla zeqembu ngokuvamile zibhekwa njengemithetho engabalulekile. Ukuze kuqhutshwe umkhankaso, amakhandidethi athembele kancane ezinhlakeni zeqembu kunasekumisweni kwawo esidlangalaleni, ubudlelwano bomuntu ngamunye kanye namandla omuntu okuthola imali. Ngenxa yalokho, izikhulu ezikhethiwe zivame ukuvota ngokwedelela ubuholi beqembu, futhi izindlela zokuthi amalungu ahlubukayo aziphendulele zincane. Lesi simo sezindaba singabonakala muva nje ekwaleni kwe-Democratic Sens. U-Joe Manchin kanye no-Kyrsten Sinema ukweseka umthetho kaMongameli u-Biden othi Build Back Better umthetho, onokusekelwa okumangalisayo kwekhokhasi yeqembu.
Khona-ke, izinhlangano zomphakathi zingalwa kanjani nalokhu kuthambekela? Amaqembu e-Grassroots, okuyisinyathelo sokususwa emaqenjini ezepolitiki asemthethweni, anezindlela ezimbalwa zokuqinisekisa ukuthi osopolitiki abakhethayo bahlala bethembekile emigomeni yabo uma sebephethe. Eqinisweni, la maqembu kudala abuka abalingani bezombusazwe bakudala bekhothamela izifiso zabo nethuba, belahla izibopho zabo zenhlangano ukuze baphishekele isikhundla phezulu.
Izinhlangano zeSocialist esikweni leTrotskyist zinesixazululo esisodwa sale nkinga: ukubamba noma yiliphi ilungu abalikhethayo ukuba liphendule"i-centralism yentando yeningi.” Ngaphansi kwalesi simiso senhlangano se-Leninist, amalungu eqembu aphikisana ngezindaba zezombusazwe ngaphakathi, kodwa ayaphoqeleka ukuthi avikele umugqa weqembu esidlangalaleni uma isinqumo sangaphakathi senziwe. Isikhulu esikhethiwe esiyilungu elithembekile leqembu elinjalo singahambisa izinqumo ezithathwe ubuholi benhlangano.
Sengilwe kancane kancane khumbula umzamo sekwephuzile 2021, Ilungu le-Seattle City Council u-Kshama Sawant, ilungu la I-Socialist Alternative, cishe ukuphela kwesikhulu esikhethiwe e-United States esisebenza ngaphansi kwesakhiwo esinjalo. Ngempela, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uSawant ubelokhu ephumela obala ngezinkolelo zakhe nezinhlangano azihlanganisa nazo, abaphikisi bezombangazwe. decry umbono wokuthi inhlangano yezombangazwe yangaphandle kungenzeka ibhunga ngamavoti akhe futhi yenze izinqumo ezihambisana ne-ajenda yemibono. Ngokunjalo, laba bagxeki bayashaqeka ngokuthi amalungu eSocialist Alternative abiza isihlalo sikaSawant ngokuthi"Ihhovisi lethu loMkhandlu.” Imibono enjalo ishayisana nemibono ethandwayo ye-hyper-individualism.
Ukuthi i-centralism yentando yeningi imelela imodeli efiselekayo, akuyona engokoqobo kwabaningi base-U.S. Kwesokunxele, uma kubhekwa ukuthi izinhlangano eziningi zomphakathi zenziwe ngamadlelandawonye angcolile futhi ahlukene ngokwemibono kunokuba ibhizinisi elilodwa elingaphansi kokulawulwa okumaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, le nhlangano kufanele ithole ezinye izindlela zokwenza ubudlelwano obuhlala isikhathi eside futhi ikhuthaze ukusebenzelana nabamele ababakhethayo.
Lapha yilapho ukubusa ngokubambisana kungena khona. Umbono uwukuqongelela isethi yezinqubo eziguqula ukubusa kube umsebenzi womnyakazo, lapho ukuhlela kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kuxhumene, nalapho usopolitiki eyingxenye eyodwa yephrojekthi ehlangene sebenzisa amandla omphakathi. Njengo-Maurice Mitchell, uMqondisi Kazwelonke we-Working Families Party, muva nje waphikisana,"Abantu ngabanye, ngisho nabantu abangcono kakhulu, abanawo amandla okuhlehlisa isistimu. Kufanele silindele ukuthi abangcono kakhulu phakathi kwethu bazohlangabezana nalokhu kungqubuzana okunzima ngempela, futhi kuwumsebenzi wethu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bahileleke kulokhu kungqubuzana nathi njengamaqabane, hhayi bodwa, ngoba akekho umuntu ongaguqula isistimu.”
UMitchell uyanezela,"Kimina, imayelana nokuphenyisisa lokho obekugxile kakhulu komuntu siqu, umkhakha wezomsebenzi kokuthile okunezimpande kakhulu futhi okuziphendulela kubantu.”
Ukubusa ngokubambisana kuvame ukusebenza njengento ekahle yokuthi ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinhlangano kanye nezingqwele zabo ezikhethiwe kumele bubukeke kanjani. Kodwa ukusebenzisa umqondo njengemodeli yesenzo, esikhundleni somgomo ongaqondakali, kudinga ukubheka izindlela abahleli asebevele bezenza — futhi kuhlolwe ukuthi yini esebenzayo nengasebenzi. Njengoba uDavid Hatch, owayengumqondisi we-Reclaim Chicago nomsunguli we-People's Lobby, ephikisa,"Okufanele kucatshangelwe ukuze ukubusa ngokubambisana kuchume ukuthi umphakathi, abaholi [benhlangano] kanye nabakhethiwe bethu benze imingcele ecacile, amaphuzu abalulekile, nezinqubo ezisiholayo ekwenzeni lezi zinqumo ezinzima ndawonye.” Ekuhlaziyeni kwethu uhlaka, sihlonze izinqubo ezinhlanu ezithakaselwayo ngokukhethekile ezinikeza ukubaluleka kokubusa ngokubambisana njengoba kwenzeka njengamanje, kanye nezinkinga ezinhlanu ezivamile zokunyakaza okuzama ukusebenzisa leli su.
Izinqubo ezinhlanu ezibalulekile zokuphatha ngokubambisana
Ake siqale ngezinto ezinhlanu ezibalulekile zokubusa ngokubambisana eziye zasetshenziswa ukunyakaza. Lezi yizi: ukuchaza ababambiqhaza ababambe iqhaza ekubuseni ngokubambisana; ukusungula okulindelwe yizikhulu ezintsha; ukuhlinzeka ngosizo kanye nabasebenzi; ukubamba imihlangano njalo yokuxhumanisa amasu; kanye nokuhlola ukubusa okwabiwe ngokusebenzisa amabutho kanye nemihlangano.
-Ukusetha ithebula
Indlela yokuqala yokuphatha ngokubambisana ingase ibonakale iqondile ngokomthetho, kodwa ingaba yinkimbinkimbi ekusebenzeni: Ukunyakaza kunquma ukuthi izikhulu ezikhethiwe zizobusa nobani, nokuthi yimaphi amaqembu usopolitiki azoziphendulela kuwo ngokuyinhloko.
"Umnyombo wokubusa ngokubambisana kwe-leftist umfelandawonye wezinhlangano zomphakathi,” kusho umhlaziyi wezepolitiki u-Vanessa Quintana esitatimendeni. iphepha seGoldman School of Public Policy e-U.C. Berkeley. Kupolitiki yokhetho lwendabuko, amaqembu athuthukayo asebenza wodwa. Bakha ubudlelwano bomuntu ngamunye nezikhulu zikahulumeni futhi babanxenxele ezindabeni zabo ezibalulekile. Izikhulu ezikhethiwe zona, zisebenzela ukushweleza iqembu ngalinye ngokuhlangabezana nezicelo ezithile zokuthengiselana. Ehlukaniswe ngale ndlela, amaqembu okunyakaza angadlalwa kalula ngaphandle komunye nomunye. Ngakho-ke, ukubusa ngokubambisana kukhuthaza indlela yokucabanga kanye nezindaba eziningi, ukuletha amazwi ahlukahlukene engxoxweni yamasu okwabelwana ngawo. Lokhu kokubili amandla kanye nenselelo.
Abagqugquzeli bokubusa ngokubambisana ngokuvamile bakha umfelandawonye, noma "ithebula,” labahlanganyeli. UHatch uyachaza,"Ngo-'table’ ngiqonde indawo lapho abantu behlangana khona nabakhethiwe noma abakhethiwe abaphansi ngempela ngokuthola uhlobo oluthile lokuhlaziya ne-ajenda.” Unezela ukuthi amaqembu anosayizi ohlukene afanele izingxoxo ezahlukahlukene:"Imvamisa kuba khona imibuthano egxilile yabantu abathola ukuthi bazobahlela kanjani bonke abanye abantu ngaphakathi nangaphandle kulokhu. ” Esikhungweni kukhona iqembu elincane uma kuqhathaniswa, ngokuvamile"izinhloko zezinhlangano nabaholi ababalulekile, kanye nabakhethiwe kanye nabasebenzi babo.”
Ngezinye izikhathi, isakhiwo esikhona singanikeza isimo kumfelandawonye. Ku 2019, I-Working Families Party yasebenzisa umugqa wayo wokuvota ukuze iqhube ngempumelelo ikhandidethi yokunyakaza u-Kendra Brooks eMkhandlwini Wedolobha Lase-Philadelphia. Njengoba iqembu libala izinyunyana eziningi ezivelele namaqembu omphakathi njengamalungu, amakomiti alo obuholi asevele emisiwe adala uhlaka lokubambisana lapho ewina. U-Arielle Klagsbrun, umgqugquzeli womphakathi owaphatha umkhankaso ka-Brooks, uyachaza:"Ngenxa yokuthi ungukhandidethi we-Working Families Party, u-Kendra unokuthile okusobala ukuthi uyingxenye yakho futhi angakwazi ukuziphendulela kukho. Angazibona njengomakhi weqembu ngendlela abanye abakhethiwe abangakwazi ngayo, njengoba bengayakhi i-Democratic Party futhi indima yabo ekwakheni ezinye izinhlangano ingaba yinto engaqondakali. Kumbeka ebudlelwaneni namaqembu enhlangano ngendlela ehleleke kakhulu.”
Ngale kwesisekelo esihlinzekwe yi-Working Families Party, u-Brooks ubekade engumgqugquzeli obalulekile ekwakhiweni kwe-Alliance for a Just Philadelphia, umfelandawonye obanzi owasungulwa unyaka ngaphambi kokhetho. Mayelana nokubusa ngokubambisana, uKlagsbrun uthi,"Ngicabanga ukuthi amalungu e-Alliance akhethe ngokukhethekile u-Kendra ukuthi abe nobudlelwano obuqhubekayo naye, ngoba kwakufana nokuthi, empeleni asazi ukuthi singakwenza kanjani lokhu. Lokhu kusha kakhulu. Futhi ngakho kufanele sikwenze nomuntu ophume kulesi sikhala. Futhi njengoba u-Kendra ayengomunye wabasunguli be-Alliance, ungumuntu esingamlinga naye ndawonye.”
Ukusebenzisana kwe-Movement no-Brooks, naye owayengumhleli ngokwakhe, kuqhathaniswe nolwazi lwamaqembu azama ukuxhumanisa nesinye isikhulu esiphethe kwesokunxele: Ummeli Wesifunda sase-Philadelphia u-Larry Krasner. Ngokungangabazeki i-DA enenqubekela phambili kunazo zonke ezweni, uKrasner wakhethwa 2017 endaweni yokulwa nokuboshwa enokusekelwa okuqinile okuvela emaqenjini omphakathi afana ne-Reclaim Philadelphia. Kodwa ngenkathi exhunywe emphakathini othuthukayo, indima kaKrasner maqondana nokunyakaza komphakathi yayihlukile. ."Ubengummeli wethu,” kuchaza uKlagsbrun. ."Nguye umfana owasikhipha ejele. Kodwa ubengazihleli izenzo.” Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi wagijima njenge-Democrat, futhi ngenxa yokuthi wayephishekela ihhovisi lomuzi lonke elalidinga inani elikhulu lamavoti ukuze awine, u-Krasner kwadingeka asebenzisane nesizinda esihlukahlukene ngemva kokuthatha isikhundla.
Nakuba amaqembu aphansi asungula umfelandawonye abhekisela kuwo njengetafula lokubusa ngokubambisana ukuze ahlangane futhi axhumanise ne-DA nabasebenzi bakhe, ubudlelwano babuvame ukushuba, futhi ithebula lagcina lihlakazekile ngemva kweminyaka yokuqala ka-Krasner ehhovisi. Ingxoxo phakathi kwabagqugquzeli bokunyakaza kanye no-Krasner iyaqhubeka, kodwa manje ngendlela ehlukene kakhudlwana, namaqembu asebenza ezindabeni ezihlukene ahlangana ngokwehlukana namagatsha afanelekile ehhovisi le-DA.
-I-ajenda evamile, okulindelekile okujwayelekile
Umkhuba wesibili obalulekile wokubusa ngokubambisana ukubeka okucacile okulindelwe yizikhulu ezikhethiwe ngaphambili, ukuze zizibophezele emcabangweni wokuhlanganisa amasu ngaphambi kokuthi zikhethwe.
Ukuthola ukuthenga okuqinile kulula kakhulu kumakhandidethi avela ezinhlanganweni zenhlangano. NjengoChacon weColorado People's Alliance uthi,"Amakhandidethi athembeke kakhulu yilabo abanomlando wokusebenzela ubulungisa ngaphambi kokuthi bacabange nokungenela izikhundla, ngakho ukuqeqesha abaholi bomphakathi wethu abaqine kakhulu ukuba bangenele ukhetho kufanele .” Kodwa noma ngabe amakhandidethi evela ngaphandle kokunyakaza, amaqembu angakwazi ukwenza okuthile ekubekeni okulindelekile. ."Sicela abazongenela ukhetho baqinisekise i-ajenda yethu ngaphambi kokuthi siyigunyaze,” kusho umqondisi ophumayo wePeople’s Action uGeorge Goehl. ."Baphinde bazibophezele ekubuseni ngokubambisana ohlelweni lokugunyaza. Lokho ukhiye.”
Ukuqeqeshwa kungenye ithuluzi elibalulekile elingasizi nje kuphela ekubekeni okulindelekile, kodwa ekudaleni ukuqondanisa okukhulu nokuhlaziywa kwezepolitiki. Njengoba Goehl utshele The Nation in 2018,"Funa i-Chicago iqhube izikhulu ezikhethiwe eziningi ngohlelo lokuqeqesha lwezemfundo yezepolitiki oluwukuhlukaniswa kokugcina 40 iminyaka yenqubomgomo ye-neoliberal kanye namasu. Lokhu sikwenza ngoba abathuthukayo abakhethwayo futhi abangena emahholo okuphatha bayashesha ukubona ukuthi i-neoliberalism iyisisekelo, ipolitiki ehamba phambili. Ngokushesha, umcabango wabo onamandla uqala ukufiphala.” Ukuqeqeshwa kusiza ukulwa nalowo mkhuba, nokuqinisa izibopho zosopolitiki emaqenjini okunyakaza. ."Sikwenzele amalungu ethu,” kuchaza uGoehl"pho kungani kungenzelwa izikhulu ezikhethiwe?”
-Usekelo kanye nabasebenzi
Uma amakhandidethi enhlangano esekhethiwe, umsebenzi wesithathu oyinhloko wokuphatha ngokubambisana ukuhlinzeka ngosekelo nabasebenzi. Izishoshovu ziqeqeshwe ukuba zicabange ukuthi kufanele ziphikisane nezikhulu ezikhethiwe ukuze zithole noma yini eziyifunayo. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, okuhlukile kuyavela lapho abantu abasemazingeni aphansi bethatha izintambo. ."Osopolitiki bethu benhlangano, isikhathi esiningi asibaniki okwanele ukuthi bakwenze,” kusho umhleli womphakathi osenesikhathi eside nowayengumholi we-ACORN uJeff Ordower. Ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe, izikhulu ezikhethiwe ezizwelayo zikhala ngokuthi nakuba abagqugquzeli bezinkampani bezigcwalisa ngezicelo mayelana nemiklamo yentuthuko nezinto eziza kuqala kwezamabhizinisi — zifuna ukunakwa futhi zifuna isikhathi — laba bosopolitiki bangakwazi ukuhamba ibanga elide ngaphandle kwamaqembu aphansi abafinyelela nganoma yini, okunomthelela kulo mqondo. ukuthi balahliwe.
Embikweni ovela ku- 2020 ukuhlehla nabahleli abambalwa, izikhulu ezikhethiwe, kanye nabasebenzi bakahulumeni abavela kuyo yonke inethiwekhi yayo, i-People’s Action igqamise okubalulekile okuthathwayo: "Izikhulu ezikhethiwe ze-Movement zidinga ukusekelwa okukhulu, ikakhulukazi uma zivela emiphakathini ethinteke ngokuqondile.” Umbiko waqhubeka:"Siyabacela ukuthi bagijime bese bebaphonsa ezinhlelweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ngaphandle kokulungiselela nokusekelwa. Izinhlangano eziningi azixhasiwe ukuze zinikeze lolu hlobo losekelo nokuhlela.”
U-Ordower uveza ukuthi, nakuba abagqugquzeli bezinkampani benekhono ekunikezeni osopolitiki umzila wokumelana okuncane — ukunikeza umthetho owakhiwe kusengaphambili nokusiza ukuthi izikweletu ziqedwe — izishoshovu zivame ukuza nezimfuno kuphela, ezihlala zidala umsebenzi omningi kubameleli abathwele kanzima. ."Ngicabanga ukuthi abantu abaqondi ukuthi olunye uhlangothi lunjani,” kusho u-Ordower. ."Banesu endaweni ngayinye yenqubo yokwenza izimpilo zosopolitiki zibe lula.”
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngocwaningo, izinto zokuqapha ezisohlelweni lomthetho, noma ngokunikeza iseluleko ezindabeni okungenzeka zingaphandle kobuchwepheshe bezikhulu, amaqembu okunyakaza angasebenza ukuze abhekane naleli gebe — nakuba lokhu kuthatha utshalomali lwezinsiza nokuqeqeshwa. ."Cishe abekho kwabakhethiwe abanamandla okucwaninga nokuthuthukisa inqubomgomo bebodwa,” kusho uDavid Hatch. ."Bayasidinga ngalokho.” Amaqembu anjalo I-State Innovation Exchange (SiX) kanye Intuthuko Yasendaweni ukusebenzela ukuhlinzeka ngemininingwane yenqubomgomo, imodeli yomthetho kanye nokunye ukweseka izikhulu ezikhethiwe ezithuthukayo. Imifelandawonye ebusayo ingasiza lezi zikhulu ukuthi zisebenzise lezi zinsiza futhi zivumelanise iziphakamiso nezimo zasendaweni.
Umbuzo owodwa obalulekile wenhlangano ukuthi kufanele yini bathumele abahleli bamaqembu abo ukuze basebenze emahhovisi ezikhulu ezintsha. ."Ngicabanga ukuthi ukubusa kombutho kumele kudlulele ngale kobudlelwano nabakhethiwe, kodwa futhi kubheke bonke abantu ababasebenzelayo,” kusho u-Bahieh Hartshorn, umhleli oke wabamba izikhundla nePeople’s Action kanye ne-TakeAction Minnesota, iqembu elithuthukayo. ."Kumayelana, obani abantu abahlela ikhalenda yabo? Ubani onqumayo ukuthi bachitha nobani isikhathi esiningi ?”
Kuze kube manje, ezinye izinhlangano zitshale imali ekudaleni izisebenzi zezombusazwe ipayipi, njengoba nje ziye zazama ukuthuthukisa ibhentshi lalabo abazoba amakhandidethi. Kafushane nje ngokunikeza izisebenzi ngokuqondile, amaqembu aphansi angaqiniseka ukuthi asebenza ethimbeni lenguquko lekhandidethi, esiza ekunqumeni ukuthi ubani ozothola ama-aphoyintimenti noma agcwalise okuthunyelwe kokuphatha.
Ngezinye izikhathi, abahleli abaqashwe izikhulu ezintsha ezikhethiwe bangacabanga kabusha umsebenzi wehhovisi lezombangazwe, baliguqule libe imoto yokwakha isisekelo. Njengo-Sumathy Kumar, co-co-sihlalo we-New York City isahluko se-Democratic Socialists of America (DSA), utshele Kuhlangana,"zonke izikhulu ezikhethiwe zinamahhovisi asekhaya ezifundeni zazo, futhi lawa ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo kubavoti. Into eyodwa esikhuluma ngayo ukuthi singakususa kanjani lokho sisuke kusevisi eqondile siye ekuhleleni, ukuze ihhovisi lesifunda lidlale indima ekuhleleni isisekelo.”
-Imihlangano evamile nezikhala zokwenza amasu
Ngemva kokusiza ukuzuza izihlalo eziyisithupha zamalungu esiShayamthetho sesifundazwe saseNew York e 2020, i-DSA yakha i-"Ama-Socialists Ekomitini Lehhovisi” ukuze anikeze indawo yokuthi izikhulu ezikhethiwe kanye nobuholi benhlangano bahlele ndawonye. Ku 2021, ikomiti yayiba nemihlangano yanyanga zonke mathupha, ngaphezu kokuhlehla kabili ngonyaka. ."Manje sesidale inqubo yokwenza izinqumo futhi onyakeni odlule sifinyelele endaweni lapho wonke umuntu ezimisele ukwenza izinqumo ngokuhlanganyela, okuyinto enhle ngempela,” u-Kumar. kusho.
Imihlangano efana nalena yenza umkhuba wesine oyinhloko wokubusa ngokubambisana. Ukuthi yenzeka masonto onke, nyanga zonke, noma ngekota, imihlangano yokudidiyela idala lokho abaholi beqembu le-New York Working Families Party uSochie Nnaemeka noNina Luo ucingo A"izikhala zamasu okwabelwana ngawo,” lapho"izishayamthetho nabalingani benhlangano [bangakwazi] ukwenza amasu futhi bahlele — ukuxoxa ngamasu, banikeze izabelo, futhi babelane ngezinto ezikhathazayo nolwazi ngokusobala.” Ngaphandle kokuvumela amaqembu aphethe ngokubambisana nosopolitiki ukuthi basebenzisane, izikhathi zamasu ezivamile zinganikeza izikhulu ezikhethiwe umuzwa wokuba nepolitiki."ikhaya” elinikeza ihange ngaphandle kwezifiso zabo ngabanye. Ngokuphathelene nolwazi lwe-DSA eNew York, uKumar uyachaza,"ngoba bayisithupha, bangabambana baziphendulele. .'Siyiqembu.’ Lokho kusiza abantu ukuthi bahlale bezinzile.”
Imihlangano yamasu nezikhulu eziningi ingaba negalelo ekudaleni amakhokhasi anamazinyo emazingeni edolobha nawesifunda — futhi ngokunokwenzeka naseWashington, D.C."Ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi kunokubusa ngokubambisana okwengeziwe okwenzeka emazingeni endawo, kodwa ezingeni likahulumeni kuthuthuke kakhulu, futhi ngokushesha okukhulu kulo nyaka,” kusho u-Leah Hunt-Hendrix, umsunguli we-Way to Win. I-Congressional Progressive Caucus — esikhule yahlanganisa okungaphezu kwalokho 40I-% yama-Democrats e-U.S. House of Representatives — ithathe izinyathelo zokuzishintsha njengeqembu lokuvota elinokuziphatha okuhle nelisabekayo. Ekwindla ye 2020, umzimba yamukelwa imithetho emisha eqondisa ukwakheka kwayo kobuholi, egunyaza ukubamba iqhaza okwengeziwe emihlanganweni yeqembu futhi ibophezela abameleli — ngaphandle okulinganiselwe — ukuvota njengebhulokhi uma isikhundla sisekelwa okungenani izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zamalungu aso. Hunt-Hendrix amanothi,"I-Congressional Progressive Caucus Centre manje isiphethe ithebula lokunyakaza eliqale ukuhlangana njalo ngamasu angaphakathi.” Intuthuko enjalo ivula imigudu yesenzo esihlanganyelwe, futhi ithemba liwukuthi izodala amathuba okubusa ngokubambisana okuqinile esikhathini esizayo.
-Amandla okusebenza kanye nemihlangano
Njengesinyathelo sokugcina esibalulekile ekunikezeni incazelo ebambekayo ekubuseni ngokubambisana, abameli baphokophele ukuvula izinqumo zentando yeningi ngokusebenzisa ibutho elisebenzayo, amabhodi okubuyekeza nemihlangano edumile. Ezindaweni ezifana nalezi I-Oakland, California futhi Durham, North Carolina, ngokwesibonelo, ithimba elinjalo livumele abaholi benhlangano namalungu emiphakathi ethinteke ngokuqondile ukuthi babe nezwi ekubumbeni izinhlelo zendawo mayelana nokuphepha komphakathi kanye namaphoyisa. Njengesenzo Sabantu uphikisana,"Sifuna abantu abasebenzayo babambe iqhaza hhayi ekwenzeni imithetho kuphela, kodwa nasekuyisebenziseni nasekuyisebenziseni ngokusebenzisa amabhodi okuqapha, ukuphoqelelwa kwezindinganiso zendawo yokusebenza, nezinye izinyathelo.”
Abanye, bethatha isiqephu kwisibonelo sika-Porto Alegre, e-Brazil, bafuna izindlela ezivumela izakhamuzi ezivamile ukuthi zihlanganyele ngokuqondile ezinqubweni zokwenza izinqumo. Njengoba umhlaziyi wezepolitiki uQuintana ephikisana ngokubusa ngokubambisana,"Lolu hlaka luhambisana kangcono nezici zentando yeningi yokubamba iqhaza, njengokwenza isabelomali esibambe iqhaza kanye nokuhlelwa kwedolobha okuqhutshwa umphakathi.” Izibonelo zakamuva zifaka ukusetshenziswa kwesabelomali sokuhlanganyela komphakathi e-St. Louis, Missouri ukusabalalisa abanye $80 izigidi zemali evela ku-American Rescue Plan Act ngesikhathi sodlame, kanye nemihlangano yabantu eyasiza inqume the 20-uhlelo lwedolobha lonyaka luka-Jackson, Mississippi — zombili izibonelo ezenziwe zaba nokwenzeka ngokukhethwa kwezikhulu ezihambisana nokunyakaza, okuyi-St. Louis Major Tishuara Jones kanye no-Jackson Mayor Chokwe Antar Lumumba. Umqondisi wePeople’s Advocacy Institute uRukia Lumumba usanda kuphikisana I-Forge ukuthi imizamo enjalo imele"izakhiwo ezivumela imiphakathi yonke ukuthi ibe yingxenye yenqubo,” futhi zisize"ukubona ngeso lengqondo ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukungagcini nje ngokuba nokumeleleka kuhulumeni kodwa empeleni nokuba nohulumeni ovela ebantwini.”
Uma kutshalwe ngamandla angempela, amabutho kanye nemihlangano kungaba yindlela yokubusa kwentando yeningi okwandisiwe. Kunjalo, lokho kukhulu"uma.” Njengoba ingenalo igunya elanele, lezo zinhlangano kalula nje zingaba izaba zokulibala nokungenzi lutho. Njengoba ihlaya lakudala liqhubeka: uma ungafuni ukuthi kwenziwe lutho, yakha ikomiti.
Izinkinga ezinhlanu zobambiswano lwezepolitiki
Kanye nemikhuba evamile, inqubo yokuphatha ngokubambisana e-United States nayo iza nezinselele. Ukuhlonza lezi zingibe kungaba isinyathelo sokuthola izindlela zokubhekana nazo ngokuhlanganyela. Ezinhlanu zalezi zinkinga ezijwayelekile zifaka: ubunzima bokufika esikalini; ukuntula ukuthengwa yizikhulu ezikhethiwe; ukulahlekelwa ubuholi benhlangano kupolitiki yokhetho; imifelandawonye ehlakazekayo; kanye nokuthambekela kokubuyela ebudlelwaneni bokuphikisana nabo, kunokuba obubonakala ngokuvumelana.
-Ifika esikalini
Inkinga yokuqala ebhekene nokubusa ngokubambisana yileyo yesikali: Kuhlala kuwumbuzo ovulekile mayelana nokuthi imodeli ingaba into engaphezu kobambiswano nabambalwa abambalwa"amakhandidethi enhlangano” ezindaweni ezivumayo. Ukubusa ngokubambisana kuvame ukusebenza kangcono nosopolitiki abahambisana ngokuqinile abasuka ezinhlakeni zombutho. Laba bantu abayivelakancane, nokho, futhi bahlezi kalula ezikhaleni lapho imikhankaso yezishoshovu ingakwazi ukuhlanganisa amavoti anele ukuze inikeze umkhawulo odingekayo wokunqoba. Lezi zici zisongela ukuhlanganisa ukubusa ngokubambisana ezingeni lamalungu omkhandlu wedolobha, izikhulu zebhodi lesikole nabamele umbuso — ngokungezwa kwemeya yezikhathi ezithile noma ummeli wesifunda.
Uma kukhulunywa ngamahhovisi amaningi edolobha lonke noma esifunda sonke, ukunyakaza akunawo amandla okuthonya ibhulokhi enkulu eyanele yabavoti ukuze bazinqumele umjaho. Ngakho-ke, osopolitiki kufanele bafune ukwesekwa ebangeni elihlukahlukene labalingisi abadlula kakhulu iqembu elilodwa noma umfelandawonye wezishoshovu. Lokhu kwehlisa umthelela umnyakazo onawo phezu kokuphatha. Mayelana nommeli wesifunda sase-Philadelphia u-Larry Krasner, umqondisi womkhankaso wobulungiswa bobugebengu ku-Color of Change uClarise McCants utshele Kulezi zikhathi in 2018,"Ngisho noma kunomuntu oqinile njengaye, kukhona amaqiniso mayelana neqiniso lokuthi unenqwaba yabantu okufanele aphendule kubo.”
Imeya eyimbuka noma i-DA ingase iyodwa ikwazi ukwenza izinguquko ezithile. Kodwa ngenxa yokuntula iqembu elikhudlwana, idlanzana lompetha abakhethiwe livame ukuba nomthelela olinganiselwe — ikakhulukazi uma liphethe izihlalo zomthetho kunezikhulu eziphezulu. ."Uma beyingxenye yeshumi nesithupha emkhandlwini wedolobha, kuncane kakhulu abangakwenza ngobusuku obubodwa,” kusho uKlagsbrun. ."Kumayelana nokukhulisa ukunyakaza kwethu nokusebenzisa inkundla nebhokisi lensipho ukuze sikwazi ukukhetha abantu abaningi futhi ngolunye usuku sibe nabaningi sokuphumelela izinto .”
Ingxoxo yezepolitiki esekelwe ekubuseni ngokubambisana ivame ukugxila ekuzuzeni okuningi kubashampeni abanamandla bombutho. Le ngxoxo ayihloselwe ukwakha imifelandawonye ebanzi futhi yakhe amaqembu amakhulu ngokwanele ukuthi ahlanganise wonke amaqembu ezepolitiki. Ezindaweni ezinobutha kwezombusazwe, umsebenzi wokugcina usho ukuvumelana nokwamukela ukuthi ukunyakaza kungase kube nokulawula okulinganiselwe kokuthi isikhulu sibusa kanjani. Ngamanye amazwi, ukucindezela kokubusa ngokubambisana kungase kungabi nengqondo ngaphandle "izindawo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka” ezinobuningi obuqinile beDemocratic .
-Ukuzibophezela okwehliselwe phansi okuvela kosopolitiki
Uma liphakeme ihhovisi lezepolitiki okukhulunywa ngalo, kulapho umbono wabaphathi behhovisi wokubusa ngokubambisana ungaba oguquguqukayo kakhulu. Kwezinye izindawo, izinhlangano ziphakamise ukubusa ngokubambisana njengenkulumo-ze, okwenza kube okufiselekayo kosopolitiki abakhululekile ukuveza ukweseka isiqalo. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi leli gama alichazwanga kahle, ukuzibophezela kwabo kungase kube okungaphezu nje kokusebenzela izindebe.
"Ngicabanga ukuthi isiqalile ukucekelwa phansi ngenxa yendlela ebesisetshenziswa ngayo,” kusho uHartshorn wePeople’s Action. ."Ikakhulukazi e-Minnesota, lapho okuyinto eqhubekayo esiyiveza kwabakhethiwe. Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi abanye abantu abangaphumi embuthweni babona ukubusa ngokubambisana njengento efana nokuthi,'Umnyango wami uhlale uvuliwe’ noma'Ngihlala ngivulekele imibono evela kinina nakubahlanganyeli bami.’ Kodwa ukuvulelwa ukushaya ucingo noma umhlangano akukhona ukubusa ngokubambisana. Kungaba ukufinyelela noma ukuthonya, futhi lelo yizinga lamandla. Kodwa akuyona into efanayo.”
Nakuba kusekela ukuhlela okuphansi, ngisho nezikhulu ezithile ezithuthukayo ezweni zingase zibe nombono olinganiselwe wokuthi ukubusa ngokubambisana kuhilelani. Eminyakeni yakamuva, u-Rep. Ilhan Omar (D-Minn.) usememezele kaningi ukukholelwa kwakhe kulo mbono. Nokho kwesinye isikhathi uke akhulume ngokubusa ngokubambisana ebhekise ekubambeni Ihholo lasedolobheni imihlangano nabavoti kanye ukusabalalisa uxhaso lwenhlangano kumaphrojekthi omphakathi — imisebenzi engamele ikakhulukazi umbono oqinile wobambiswano nokunyakaza komphakathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, u-Larry Krasner ukujabulele ukubamba umhlangano wanyanga zonke nabameleli abayizishoshovu. Kodwa-ke, ihhovisi lakhe libhekisele kukho nje ngokuthi: umhlangano, kunokuba ukusebenzisa amandla okuhlangene.
"Ngicabanga ukuthi ulimi oluhambisanayo kakhulu,” kusho uLeah Hunt-Hendrix. ."Ungabona amabhizinisi eqala ukuthi,'oh, senza ukubusa ngokubambisana,’ lapho abakushoyo kuwukunxenxa izithakazelo zangasese esikhundleni sezinhlangano ezilawula ukuzuzisa umphakathi. Ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi idinga ukuchazwa ngempela, noma ingase ingabi igama eliwusizo kakhulu.”
-Ukunyakaza kulahlekelwe ubuholi
Uma ukubusa ngokubambisana kunwebeka ngezinga elikhulu, ukunyakaza kuzodingeka kubhekane nombuzo wokuthi ingabe ukugcizelela umsebenzi wokhetho kudala isikhala sobuholi emaqenjini aphansi. Izinhlangano ezinjalo zilahlekelwa ithalente elidingeka kakhulu lapho amavolontiya aphezulu eba amakhandidethi noma abahleli bedlulela emahhovisi ezepolitiki ezisebenzi. Njengoba lokhu kwenzeka, ingqalasizinda emazingeni aphansi ingacekela phansi — into ebe yinkinga enkulu ezindaweni lapho izinhlangano zomphakathi zithatha khona uhulumeni kazwelonke, njenge e-Bolivia, Uruguay nakwamanye amazwe aseLatin America .
U-Arielle Klagsbrun, owanquma ukuphatha umkhankaso womkhandlu wedolobha ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yomsebenzi wokwakha isisekelo, ukhuluma nale nselele:"Impela ngangiyi-'shaya umuntu wokhetho,” usho kanje. ."Kodwa ngicabanga nga ngalehlisa ibhokisi lensipho izikhulu ezikhethiwe ezinalo. Kungaba usizo ngempela ekwakheni ukunyakaza. " Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uyangabaza ukuthi lokhu kugxila okhethweni kuza ngezindleko . ."Ngizokusho lokho, ngokweqiniso, nginokungezwani okuningi ngesu lokuthi kufanele sivele siphathe abahleli bethu abangcono kakhulu ezikhundleni,” kusho u-Klagsbrun. ."Ngicabanga ukuthi iwabhidliza amaqembu ethu enhlangano. Asinawo amapayipi obuholi njengamanje okuthi uma ukhipha abaholi abanamandla emaqenjini ethu, ungathola omunye umuntu ozothatha leso sikhundla ngokushesha. Bese-ke laba baholi bethuthelwa endaweni ehluke kakhulu — njengama-Republican ahlanyayo e-batshit enhloko-dolobha esikhundleni sokwakha isisekelo. Ngicabanga ukuthi lokho kungaba nzima ngempela.”
Ekhuluma ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwe-People's Action, u-Goehl uyavuma umthelela ongaba nawo ukuba nabantu abaphezulu abashiye inhlangano, kodwa ukholelwa ukuthi kufaneleka izindleko. ."Yebo, kuyadabukisa, kodwa akudli ngaphezu kokulahlekelwa. Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi kungenye indlela: ukulahlekelwa okuningi,” usho .
"Kwasithatha isikhashana ukufika endaweni esasithe kuyo,'empeleni lokhu kunengqondo,’ futhi besizojabula ukuthi abanye babahleli bethu bazohamba baye kubasebenzi bomuntu esimkhethile,” kuphikisa uGoehl. ."Indlela esibheka ngayo wukuthi sakha amandla okumele anqobe. Okunye kwakho kungaphakathi kwenhlangano yendawo, okunye kwakho kusenhlanganweni kazwelonke, okunye kwakho kungaphandle. Kodwa akuzona izinto ezihlukile. Sakha into enkulu kakhulu kunenhlangano yethu nje. Ngakho kufanele sibhukule futhi sihambe enyangeni lapho omunye wabantu bethu efika esimeni esifanele.”
-Ukuhlukana kwemifelandawonye
Inkinga yesine evamile ekubuseni ngokubambisana ukuqhekeka kwemifelandawonye. Ngenxa yokuthi izifunda ezahlukene zinezidingo ezingafani, isikhulu esikhethiwe singakuthola kulula ukugxila kwezinye izimfuno ngokucindezela abanye. Ngaleso sikhathi, izishoshovu ngokuvamile azivumelani mayelana nokuthi kufanele zithathe isimo esiphikisa kakhulu — engcupheni yokuhlakaza ubambiswano.
Ukushuba kwesimo kubonakale etafuleni lokuphatha ngokubambisana elahlangana no-Larry Krasner e-Philadelphia, futhi likhuliswa enkundleni yezobulungiswa bobugebengu kwenye indawo, njengoba abanye ababhubhisi benqaba umqondo we"i-DA enenqubekela phambili” ngokuphelele futhi abakholelwa ekusebenzisaneni nehhovisi abakholelwa ukuthi kufanele liqedwe. Kulezi zikhathi intatheli uRebecca Burns has ibhalwe phansi ukuthi ezinye izahluko ze-DSA,"eChicago, eSilicon Valley naseLansing, eMich., ngokwesibonelo — baze bagcina ngokugxeka noma behlukana namalungu omkhandlu wedolobha abasize ukuwakhetha.” Ezingeni kazwelonke, inhlangano ike yaba nomunyu ngezinye izikhathi izingxabano mayelana nokukhuza noma xosha U-Rep. UJamaal Bowman (D-N.Y.), ikakhulukazi amavoti ahlobene ne-Israel kanye Palestine.
Ekuhlaziyeni kwakhe ukubusa ngokubambisana e-Denver, uVanessa Quintana uzwakalise ukungeneliseki ngokungabaza kwabasebenzi abahlelekile ukuhlukana nepolitiki yokuhwebelana. ."Kunoma iluphi ukhetho, i-Denver Area Labour Federation (DALF) iwukugunyaza okubalulekile ukuze kuvikelwe,” yena ubhala. A."Ngeshwa, i-DALF ivamise ukungaboni ngaso linye ekuhlanganyeleni nepolitiki ekugunyazeni umuntu ophephile, ngokuvamile osuke ebambe iqhaza.” Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukhomba izinkinga emibuthanweni eqinile eyenza ukuxoxisana kwezombusazwe kanye nokuyekethisa kube nzima. ."Ukukhansela isiko kukhulise ukwesaba amaphutha,” kuphawula uQuintana. Njengoba echaza,"Uma umuntu enesinyathelo esingalungile, akuvamile ukuthi kube khona isikhala esibanjelwe ithuba lokufunda. Nokho, kunezilimi ezanele zokukhulula ukugxeka nezinhliziyo ezingenakubalwa ezikhulayo zokucasuka. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuhumushela ezenzweni zezepolitiki ezibuhlungu ezingenasikhala esincane sokuziphendulela.”
Ukubika kusuka kuma-workshops at the 2019 Umhlangano kazwelonke wePeople’s Action, uDavid Hatch ubhale ngabahlanganyeli abesaba ukuthi izikhulu ezikhethiwe ezihweba ngamadili ezepolitiki"ukuthengisa” umnyakazo abaphuma kuwo. ."Ngokusobala, isisindo sokuhlangenwe nakho siye saholela izishoshovu zomphakathi eziningi ukuba zizwe'sithengisiwe' lapho izimfuno zethu zixoshwa lapho abantu abangena ngaphakathi egumbini benqamula isivumelwano sokugcina," usho kanje wabhala. A."Kodwa ngokwandayo, njengoba sithola amandla futhi sisondela kulelo gumbi ngokwethu, siphinde silwe nenkinga ephambene: uma siphikelela endleleni ebeka ubumsulwa phezu kwenqubekelaphambili, singahlwitha ukunqotshwa emihlathini yokuqina kwethu. -wine ukunqoba.”
UHatch ukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungqubuzana — pitting pragmatism against principle — kuzohlala kuyingxenye yokubusa ngokubambisana, ngesizathu esilula: "umugqa phakathi kokuyekethisa okudingekayo nokungamukeleki awukaze ucace ngendlela esingathanda ngayo.” Futhi inqobo nje uma izishoshovu zijwayele ukungavumelani mayelana nokuthi ulayini kufanele ube kuphi, usongo lokuhlukana luzoqhubeka.
-Ayivikeli osopolitiki abahambayo
Ukuze osopolitiki bahlale bethembekile, kumele bazi ukuthi ukunyakaza kuneqolo. Ngakho-ke ukubusa ngokubambisana kuhilela ukubuyiselana okubuthakathaka, okungase kuzizwe kungaziwa kuzishoshovu ezijwayele ukulwa ngaphandle ngaphandle. Njengoba uKlagsbrun ephawula ngesipiliyoni sasePhiladelphia,"Ngemva kokuthi u-Kendra [Brooks] ekhethiwe, kwadingeka sibe nengxoxo mayelana nokuthi siqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi siqhubeka nokumbona njengengxenye yokunyakaza kwethu, esikhundleni sokumphatha njenganoma yimuphi omunye okhethiwe — ngisho oqhubekayo — okudingeka nje aphushwe noma abizwe ngaphandle. Ngisho nokufika kulelo qophelo kwaba inqubo.”
Ukuxazulula le nkinga, ku-People's Action's 2020 umbiko, iqembu likhuluma ngesidingo sokukhuthaza"ubunikazi obuhlangene” futhi uvule izingxoxo ezintsha mayelana"Indlela Esihamba Ngayo Ndawonye.” Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthola izinqubo ze"ukuphulukisa ubudlelwano phakathi komphakathi, izikhulu ezikhethiwe kanye nezinhlangano — ukuhlola ukuthi silimazane kuphi futhi kungani, nokuthi yini okufanele siyenze ukuze silungise lowo monakalo.”
"Ngicabanga ukuthi ukubusa ngokubambisana okuningi manje kuzama nje ukwenza okwenziwayo kangconywana,” kusho u-Hatch. Uma ubudlelwano bangempela buzothuthuka, ukholelwa ukuthi, izishoshovu kufanele zizimisele ukuvikela ompetha abakhethiwe abazibambayo ngokuphusha i-ajenda yenhlangano. Njengoba ebeka,"Osopolitiki bathi,'Ngiza kuleli tafula ukuzokwenza wonke udoti ofuna ukuzenza. Kodwa lapho imbongolo yami ilenga lapho, ukuphi? Ngakho-ke kufanele kufane.”
Ingabe ingasebenza?
Njengoba ukubusa ngokubambisana kusuka ekubeni inkulumo nje kuya ekubeni imodeli eyaziswa umkhuba ojulile, abameli bakho bazofuna izindlela zokugwema lezi zingibe. Kodwa nangaleso sikhathi, imodeli mancane amathuba okuba ithathele indawo ngokugcwele imikhuba yendabuko yokunxenxa kanye nokuziphendulela. Ukunyakaza kungase kukhuphule abanye oshampeni abavuma ukusebenza njengabalingani bamasu, kodwa kusazodingeka babhekane nabafuna ukuvelela nabasomathuba — besebenzisa umbhikisho nokwenza isivumelwano ukuze bathole imvume kosopolitiki abagxile kakhulu, njengoba bethatha izinyathelo zokubeka lokho okulindelekile. nabangase bahlanganyele. Ngaso sonke leso sikhathi, imali ehleliwe izoqhubeka nokusebenza njengamandla aphikisayo afuna ukuhlanganisa amandla ezombusazwe ezandleni zabambalwa.
Noma kunjalo, intshisekelo ekhulayo ekubuseni ngokubambisana ibamba ithuba lempumelelo ekuhlanganyeleni kwenhlangano nepolitiki yokhetho. ."Ezweni elihlukile, kanye nentando yeningi esebenza kangcono, angazi ukuthi ukubusa ngokubambisana kungadingeka ukusho,” kusho u-Hunt-Hendrix. ."Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi intando yethu yeningi isebenza kabi kakhulu, kuzwakala kubalulekile ukuqaphela umnyakazo njengabadlali bezepolitiki.”
Isithembiso semodeli ukuthi, ngokusebenzisa isenzo esihlangene, ukunyakaza komphakathi kungaphikisana nezinkambiso ze-monolithic individualism futhi kujulise izindlela zokubamba iqhaza ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla ombuso. Nakuba zisekhona izizathu zokungabaza mayelana nokuthi bazophumelela yini, amakholwa ekubuseni ngokubambisana ahlose ukuletha uhlobo lwepolitiki yentando yeningi yangempela empilweni yaseMelika.
Usizo locwaningo lunikezwe i-Celeste Pepitone-Nahas.
U-Mark Engler ungumbhali ozinze e-Philadelphia futhi uyilungu lebhodi labahleli kwa- Ukuphikisa. U-Paul Engler ungumqondisi ongumsunguli we-Center for the Working Poor, e-Los Angeles, kanye nomsunguli we- Ukuqeqeshwa Okusheshayo. Bangababhali abahlanganyeli be Lokhu Ukuvukela: Ukuthi Ukuvukela Okungenalo Udlame Kulolonga Kanjani Ikhulu Lamashumi Amabili Nanye (Izincwadi Zesizwe), futhi zingatholakala ngesizindalwazi www.democracyuprising.com.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela