Umthombo: Ukulwa Nobudlova
Ngesikhathi kuqubuka ubhubhane lwe-coronavirus eNew York, u-Avram Finklestein wahlaselwa wumsindo oshubile wama-ambulensi ngaphandle kwendlu yakhe. "Imini nobusuku nje ... bekungashintshi," esho. "Yize bengilokhu ngiqhelelana nabantu, angikwazanga ukuphunyula lolu bhubhane, nomzuzwana owodwa."
KuFinklestein, umdwebi nesishoshovu esineminyaka engama-68 ubudala esihlala eBrooklyn, obona uhulumeni wase-US emile njengoba isibalo sabashonile sikhuphuka sifinyelela phezulu. 200,000 kubuhlungu ikakhulukazi. Njengowasinda enhlekeleleni yengculaza, ubhadane lwamanje lube yilokho akubiza ngokuthi โukubukezwa kabusha kokuhlupheka okungabangelwa yiMelika ngonya kakhulu.โ
Ekuphakameni kwesifo sengculazi, uFinklestein waqiniswa esenzweni ngokufa komlingani wakhe, uDon. Ngo-1987, uFinklestein wasiza ekutholeni i-AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power, noma YENZA PHEZULU, iqembu elisebenza ngokuqondile emazingeni aphansi elimela ucwaningo lwe-AIDS, ukwelashwa kanye nokushintshwa kwenqubomgomo. โBesilwela izimpilo zethu kuqala,โ kusho yena. "Kwakuyisikhathi esasicasula, sesabeka, siqinisa."
UFinklestein naye wayeyilungu elisungula le I-Gran Fury, iqoqo lama-guerilla art elifuna ukuletha ukunaka enkingeni ngomklamo wezithombe ovusa inkanuko, ikakhulukazi umfanekiso Ukuthula = Ukufa iphosta, eyayikhuthaza abadlulayo ukuba โbaguqule intukuthelo, ukwesaba, usizi lube yisenzo.โ
"Lolu qwembe lwaluphathelene nokuthi ubani ovunyelwe ukuba afe - izimpilo zabo zaziziswa futhi izimpilo zabo zithathwa njengezingasebenziseka," esho. "Okungehlukile kangako emibuzweni yobulungiswa bezenhlalo eMelika manje."
ummeli Terry McGovern, ochithe ingxenye enkulu yempilo yakhe ehlinzeka ngokumela okusemthethweni kwabantu abane-HIV abahola kancane, uchaza impendulo eyinhlekelele kahulumeni wase-US ku-COVID-19 โnjengokubikezelwa ngokuphelele.โ
โIzikhathi eziningi phakathi naso sonke lesi senzakalo, ngangicabanga ngalezo zinsuku zokuqala zengculaza,โ kusho yena. "Kukhona okuthile ngokuzulazula ngokuphelele ukuthola ama-thermometers namamaski kubasebenzi bezempilo, nama-iPads ukuze abantu bavalelise kwabathandekayo babo," kusho uMcGovern. Kumelwe uzibuze, โKungenzeka kanjani ukuthi singafundanga lutho?โโ
Ezinyangeni eziyisikhombisa izwe langena ekuvaleni, izindaba zokumelana, ukusizana kanye nobumbano kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze usinde kunangaphambili - futhi umsebenzi we-ACT UP unokuningi ongakufundisa abahleli ngezinyanga ezizayo.
"Kungumzabalazo oqhubekayo ukuthola lezi zindaba," kusho uMcGovern. "Kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi zibaluleke kakhulu ngoba, ekugcineni, ziyizindaba ezinikeza ithemba."
Ukusebenzisa 'wonke amathuluzi ebhokisini lamathuluzi'
Ngenkathi i-ACT UP iqala ukusungulwa ngo-1987, inselele ye-AIDS yayisineminyaka eyisithupha iqhubeka. Cishe 41,000 abantu base beshonile kanti bangaphezu kuka-50,000 abantu asebetholakele. Ukuphathwa kwe-Reagan, eyaqoshwa ukuhleka mayelana nalolu bhubhane ngemuva kwezigcawu, alizange livume esidlangalaleni leli gciwane kwaze kwaba sekudlule iminyaka emine yabantu abalimala.
โNjengakwi-coronavirus, bekunezici ezimbili zobhubhane lwengculazi,โ kusho UJim Hubbard, umdidiyeli wefilimu amadokhumentari akhe alandisa ngempilo engavamile kanye nokumelana. โKukhona isifo ngokwaso, futhi kunendlela umphakathi obhekana ngayo naso. Futhi uhulumeni, ngenkathi engenanzondo obala, ubemane eshaya indiva lesi simo. โ
Ukunganaki okungenandaba kukahulumeni wase-US kwaba ngezindlela eziningi: osopolitiki bangaleso sikhathi bavimbela abantu abane-HIV ukuba bangene ezweni, benqaba ukuvuselela izinhlelo zokufundisa ngocansi ezazifundiswa ezikoleni, behluleka ukusungula izinhlelo zokushintshisana ngezinaliti futhi abenzi lutho ukuze banqande. ukwenza inzuzo ngezidakamizwa.
Ukwethulwa kukaHubbard ku-ACT UP kwaba ngenkathi ebona iphosta emgwaqweni ongaphansi komhlaba ekhangisa Mashi 24 umbukiso ku-Wall Street. โEkuqaleni, bengingaqondi ukuthi kungani bebekhombisa lapho,โ kukhumbula uHubbard. โNgacabanga, โHhayi-ke, uhulumeni oyinkinga.โ Kodwa lokho kwakuwukungaqondi kwami. Ngoba inkinga yengculaza yayiyinhlekelele yonxiwankulu.โ
Lokhu kuhlaziya bekubalulekile emsebenzini we-ACT UP, othathe izindlela eziningi - kusukela ekusebenzeni nososayensi emhlabeni wonke kuya emibhikishweni emikhulu emigwaqweni.
Amalungu e-ACT UP aphazamisekile Izindaba ukusakaza, Embozwe indlu yelungu lephalamende elizonda abantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo nekhondomu enkulu, eboshwe baziyela kuvulandi e-New York Stock Exchange futhi benza a bafe ngesikhathi seMisa eSaint Patrickโs Cathedral ukukhononda ngezikhulu zesonto ezigxeka ukuvimbela inzalo.
"Uma kuziwa ekumelaneni nonxiwankulu osekudlule isikhathi, bengihlale nginomuzwa wokuthi udinga ngempela ukuzama wonke amathuluzi ebhokisini lamathuluzi," kusho uFinklestein. โNgiqonde ukuthi besigqugquzelwa yintukuthelo yokuthi abantu bebefa ngokoqobo emaphaseji ezibhedlela. Akukho ebesikucabangele ngaphandle kwetafula.โ
Ngesinye isikhathi, i-Women's Caucus ye-ACT UP yabhaliswa njengamaRiphabhulikhi ukuze bakwazi ukuthamela umbuthano wokuqongelela imali weRiphabhulikhi. Kuthebula le-dessert, banikeze amakhukhi enhlanhla aqukethe idatha yomtholampilo mayelana nokuvimbela amasosha omzimba kwabesifazane. Kwesinye isenzakalo, izishoshovu zangena eZikhungweni Zokulawula Izifo zaseNew York, lapho zafaka khona amaphepha amaqiniso ngengculaza kuwo wonke amafayili nencwadi eyodwa ehhovisi lomqondisi, ukuze angakwazi ukuvula lutho ngaphandle kokubona izimfuno zabo.
"Senze konke okusemandleni," kusho uFinklestein. โImvelo [yokulwa] ne-capitalism engasekho wukuxoxisana njalo. Hhayi umshado kanye. Hhayi ukuhlanganyela phezu kwesigameko esisodwa. Ihlala njalo.โ
Nakuba amalungu e-ACT UP ayeqeqeshwe ekungalalelini umphakathi okungenabudlova, abaningi babheka ukungabi nobudlova njengeqhinga kunokuba njengefilosofi ephelele. Njengoba isibalo sokufa sikhula futhi ukuphelelwa yithemba kwanda, ingxenye encane kodwa ebalulekile ye-ACT UP yaqala ukucabanga ngokusebenzisa amabhomu omzimba ukuze idonsele ukunaka imbangela ngokuzibulala. "Akumangalisi ukuthi kwavela eminye imibuzo eqinile," kusho uFinklestein. Abaningi bethu babenomuzwa wokuthi siyafa futhi sizofa noma kunjalo.
Ekugcineni, imikhankaso yesenzo esiqondile esetshenziswe yi-ACT UP iphumelele ekuguquleni kakhulu impendulo kahulumeni wase-US kulolu bhubhane. Ukunqoba kwabo kwakuhlanganisa nokuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abane-HIV bafakiwe ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo, ukushintsha izinqubo ze-FDA ukuze kusheshiswe ukukhishwa kwezidakamizwa zokuhlola, ukwakha uhlelo lokusabalalisa amakhondomu olwagunyazwa yiBhodi Lezemfundo le-NYC kanye nokwehlisa kakhulu intengo izidakamizwa ezisindisa impilo.
Ukulwela ukufinyeleleka
NgokukaHubbard, okunye okufanayo okulimaza kakhulu phakathi kwengculazi ne-COVID-19 kube nomthelela ongemuhle kubantu abahola kancane ngemibala.
โKwesinye isikhathi, emihlanganweni ye-ACT UP, abantu babesukuma bakhulume ngezinto, abanye bakhale kakhulu, โKuhlanganisani lokho nengculazi?โโ Kukhumbula uHubbard. โKodwa uma ungumuntu ongenakhaya one-HIV, akugcini nje ngokwelashwa, kumayelana nekhaya. Imayelana nendawo yokulala. Imayelana nokudla. Akubona bonke abasesimweni esifanayo. Futhi izinto ezingabonakali zixhumene zingase zixhumeke kakhulu kwabanye abantu. โ
Ngo-1989, uMcGovern wasungula i- HIV Law Project ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zomthetho kubantu abane-HIV abavela emiphakathini enganakiwe, ikakhulukazi abesifazane abahola kancane abanebala eliphansi ababengenayo enye indawo abangabheka kuyo.
โKwakunobandlululo oludlangile,โ kusho yena. "Ngikhumbula umamukeli efutha i-Lysol lapho amakhasimende ami engena. Abameli abaningi babengafuni nokubhekana namacala abantu abane-HIV."
Ekuqaleni, uMcGovern wayemele indoda eyayisondelene nayo eyayigula kakhulu. Isithandwa sakhe sasibulawe yileli gciwane - futhi ngenxa yokuthi igama likamlingani wakhe laliqashiwe efulethini futhi incazelo yezindlu zomphakathi yayingabandakanyi imibhangqwana eyizitabane, le ndoda yayibhekene nokukhishwa.
โNgesikhathi siya kwabezezindlu siyomela isimo somndeni, babezonda izitabane futhi bavele basixosha,โ kusho uMcGovern. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, ikhasimende lakhe lashona ngokuzibulala. Le nhlekelele yabangela ukuthi izishoshovu zihlele umbhikisho ngaphandle kwephrojekthi yakhe yokwakhiwa kwezindlu, okwaqinisekisa izinguquko eziningi ezivimbela ukucwaswa kwe-HIV ezindlini zomphakathi.
Ushintsho olukhulu ekulweleni ingculazi kwenzeka ngo-1990, lapho uMcGovern efaka icala lekilasi ngokumelene noMnyango Wezempilo Nezinkonzo Zabantu ukuze andise incazelo ye-Social Security Administration ye-AIDS.
Ngaleso sikhathi, incazelo yayihlanganisa izimpawu ezitholakala kakhulu emadodeni ayizitabane, ukuxilongwa kwawo kwawafanelekela ngokuzenzakalelayo ukukhubazeka kanye noxhaxha lwezinzuzo zezindlu. Ngaleso sikhathi, abesifazane nabasebenzisi bezidakamizwa ze-IV abanaleli gciwane bebenqatshelwa ukuvikeleka komphakathi kanye neMedicaid futhi bebengafaneleki ukukhubazeka, njengoba bebefa. Abaningi babehlala ezindlini zomphakathi futhi babhekana nokuxoshwa. Abanye bebebhekene nezinkantolo nedolobha ukuze izingane zabo zingathathwa.
โIsifundo esikhulu engisifunde ku-ACT UP ukuthi iqembu elincane labantu - eligxile kakhulu ekuhlaziyeni nasezisombululweni ezisebenzayo zenkinga - lingashintsha umhlabaโ
Abamangali kuleli cala, abanye babo abakhethe ukungadalulwa, iningi labo bekungabesifazane abayizixhwanguxhwangu, okubalwa kubo. U-Iris De La Cruz futhi UPhyliss Sharpe, indodakazi yakhe eneminyaka emihlanu nayo yayinaleli gciwane. "Bonke bebengabesifazane abanamandla amakhulu, futhi benesibindi," kusho uMcGovern. "Kwabaningi babo, le mpi ibiqhubeka ngonyaka wokugcina wezimpilo zabo."
Phakathi kwamakhasimende akhe kwakukhona Katrina Haslip, owesifazane omnyama oyiMuslim, owayeyisisebenzi socansi nommeli wasejele owayethandwa ezinye iziboshwa. Ngesikhathi ese-Bedford Hills Correctional Facility eNew York, kwaba nokuqubuka kwe-HIV ejele - futhi ngemva kwezinyanga zokulala elalele abanye befa ezitokisini zabo, u-Haslip waba umfundisi we-AIDS kanye nommeli.
Emasontweni amabili ngemuva kokukhishwa nge-parole, u-Haslip wephule isikhathi sakhe sokuvivinywa ngokubhekisa amabombo eWashington, D.C. ukuyobhikisha eMnyangweni Wezempilo Nezinkonzo Zabantu. Lapho, waxoxa ngendaba yakhe esidlangalaleni.
"Ubegula kakhulu engxenyeni yokugcina yempilo yakhe," kusho uMcGovern. โKwakucasula kakhulu futhi kuhlanganisa. Ushone engakaze afanelekele ukukhubazeka.โ
KuMcGovern, umjaho wamanje wokuthuthukisa umuthi wokugomela i-COVID-19 uphakamisa imibuzo efanayo yokufinyeleleka. โIthi sithola umuthi wokugoma osebenzayo - uwuthola ubani? Siqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi kukhona ukulingana ekusabalaliseni?โ Kubuza uMcGovern. Uyesaba lokho ngenxa yomlando wezokwelashwa ukuhlolwa kubantu bebala, imiphakathi eminingi enganakiwe ingase iwubheke umgomo izinsolo. "Sizodinga abaholi bezempilo yomphakathi abantu abethemba ngempela, abanokuhlaziywa kwezinto ezihlanganayo."
Izizathu zokuba nethemba
UFinklestein uchithe izinyanga ezimbalwa ezedlule ekhonza ekomitini elihlela i- Khulula Umgomo we-COVID-19, umfelandawonye wamaciko, abafundi nabasebenzi bezokwelapha abalwela ukuqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo komgomo we-COVID. Njengoba umphakathi womhlaba ubhekene nekusasa elingaqinisekile, ukholelwa ukuthi kubalulekile ukufunda ukunyakaza komphakathi kwesikhathi esedlule kukho konke ukuxaka kwabo.
"Umlando we-ACT UP uhamba kanje: Umphakathi obubambene ngokuzimele wabhikisha, futhi kwaholela ekukhululweni kwezidakamizwa ezigcine zenza ingculazi ibe yindawo elawulekayo," esho. โIndaba yangempela inkulu kakhulu futhi iyaphazamisa futhi iyinkimbinkimbi kunalokho. Kodwa kuvumelana ne-capitalism ukuxoxa indaba yokuqala, ngoba ikhombisa ukuthi uhlelo luyasebenza. "
Okuvame ukushiywa ngaphandle kwendaba ukuthi ukukhishwa kwezidakamizwa ze-AIDS kusheshiswe kwahambisana nokunyakaza kwe-right-wing yokuhoxiswa ngesikhathi seReagan. โImithi esindisa impilo yasheshiswa ngenxa ye-ACT UP,โ kusho uFinklestein. "Kepha uma ucabanga ngakho ngokomongo, abantu bebecela ukudedelwa kwezidakamizwa ngokushesha, futhi izinkampani ezithaka imithi ziyakuthanda lokho."
Noma kunjalo, uFinklestein ukholelwa ukuthi zikhona izizathu zokuba nethemba - phakathi kwazo, izibhelu emhlabeni jikelele ngemuva kokubulawa kukaGeorge Floyd. "Kungase kube ukubonakaliswa kwelungelo lami ukusho ukuthi ngithola lesi sikhathi sokuphikisa eMelika sikhuthaza lapho abantu abaningi behlupheka futhi befa, kodwa kuyakhuthaza," esho. "Ukubuka lesi sikhathi sezepolitiki kufana nekilasi elihle ekuhleleni."
UMcGovern naye uthintekile ngenxa yemibhikisho. โEngikuthanda nge-ACT UP ukuthi igcwele abaculi ngokuphelele,โ kusho yena. โFuthi kube nobuciko obuningi obumangalisayo kuyo yonke inhlangano yeBlack Lives Matter. Ngakho-ke ngingasho ukuthi ubushoshovu buyaphila, buthatha uhlobo oluhlukile. โ
Phakathi komakadebona be-ACT UP wukuqwashisa ngomgwaqo omude osaza. Phakathi kokulwa nokukhishwa kwabantu ezindlini kanye nokuvikela ukuvikelwa kwendawo yokusebenza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulingana ekusabalaliseni umgomo kanye nokufinyelela ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, iminyaka embalwa ezayo izobamba umsebenzi omningi okufanele wenziwe.
"Isifundo esikhulu kunazo zonke engisifunde ku-ACT UP ukuthi iqembu elincane labantu - eligxile kakhulu ekuhlaziyeni nasezisombululweni ezisebenzayo zenkinga - lingashintsha umhlaba," kusho uHubbard. โAsidingi izigidi zabantu ukushintsha umfutho wobhubhane lwe-coronavirus. Iqembu elincane, elinamandla labantu lingakwenza. Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi lokho kwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiwe. "
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