Umthombo: Umama Jones
Kulandela ukubulawa kukaGeorge Floyd eMinneapolis kanye nelinye ukuqubuka kodlame lwamaphoyisa ekuphenduleni imibhikisho ezweni lonke, izingcingo zokuthi kube noshintsho eminyangweni yamaphoyisa eMelika ziqhamuka izishoshovu, izikhulu zikahulumeni, Futhi abadumile. Kodwa ngokungafani nemizamo yangaphambilini yokuguqula amaphoyisa ngemva kokubulawa kwabantu bemibala egqamile, okwakuvame ukugxila ekwandeni kokuqondisa noma ukuqeqeshwa, kulokhu izimfuno ziqine kakhulu: defund iminyango yamaphoyisa noma uwaqede nya.
Imizamo yokunqamula uxhaso lwamaphoyisa isivele igxilile eMinneapolis, lapho isabelomali somnyango wamaphoyisa siphelele njengamanje. $ 193 million. (Ngo-2017, umnyango wathola 36 amaphesenti yezindleko zesikhwama esijwayelekile sedolobha.) Ezinsukwini ezimbili ngemva kokubulawa kuka-Floyd, umongameli we-University of Minnesota limenyezelwe ukuthi ikhempasi ngeke isaba nenkontileka nomnyango wamaphoyisa ukuze ihlinzeke ngezokuphepha emibuthanweni emikhulu njengemidlalo yebhola. NgoLwesihlanu, ilungu leMinneapolis Board of Education kumemezela isinqumo sokuqeda inkontileka yesifunda sesikole esiteshini amaphoyisa angu-14 ezikoleni zaso. Namaqembu omphakathi afana ne Imibono Emnyama Ehlangene futhi Thola kabusha i-Block kukhona isicelo umkhandlu wedolobha unciphise isabelomali somnyango wamaphoyisa ngezigidi ezingama-$45 bese uphinda utshale imali ezinhlelweni zokuphepha (ezingezona ezamaphoyisa).
Ngeminye imikhankaso yokunciphisa isabelomali samaphoyisa eqhubekayo emadolobheni afana e-Los Angeles futhi I-New York kanye nezingcingo zokwehlisa imali yokuqoqa amaphoyisa ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, ngikhulume noprofesa wesayensi yezokuhlalisana kwabantu e-Brooklyn College u-Alex Vitale, umxhumanisi wenhlangano. Iphrojekthi Yezobulungiswa Bezobuphoyisa nombhali Ukuphela Kwamaphoyisa, ukukhuluma ngombono ogcwele wokuqedwa kwamaphoyisa nokuthi kusho ukuthini ekusebenzeni.
UMadison Pauly: Kungani amaphoyisa ekhipha imali, kunokuba awaguqule?
U-Alex Vitale: Eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, kulandela ukubulawa kuka Mike Brown futhi U-Eric Garner futhi UTamir Rice, satshelwa, โUngakhathazeki, sizokulungisa. Sizonika amaphoyisa ukuqeqeshwa kokuchema okucacile. Sizoba namaseshini okuhlangana namaphoyisa omphakathi. Sizothenga amakhamera omzimba.โ Iqoqo eliphelele lalokho esivame ukubhekisela kukho โnjengezinguquko zenquboโ eziklanyelwe ukwenza amaphoyisa abe ngochwepheshe kakhulu, angachemi, abonakale obalaโnokuthi lokhu kuzoyilungisa ngendlela emangalisayo inkinga. Kodwa izinto azizange zibe ngcono. Abantu basabulawa, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi inkinga yokugcwala kwamaphoyisa isekhona.
Kungani ingasebenzi?
Ubulungiswa ngokwenqubo bakwethu, bafuna ukubuyisela ukwethenjwa komphakathi emaphoyiseni ukuze amaphoyisa abuyele emsebenzini wobuphoyisa. Kodwa lokhu kuwuziba umbuzo wokuthi bangamaphoyisa, nokuthi kufanele ngabe bawaphethe yini. Sine [izigidi] ukuboshwa kwezinga eliphansi e-United States minyaka yonke futhi eziningi zazo azisho lutho. Kuyizinga elikhulu nje lokuhlukunyezwa olwenziwa cishe ikakhulukazi emiphakathini empofu kakhulu futhi enganakekile emphakathini wethu. Kunenzondo ejulile ngokusebenza kwamaphoyisa kulezo zindawo. Bese kuthi-ke, uma kunesigameko esisezingeni eliphezulu, sikhiphe yonke le ntukuthelo nolaka.
Ukwehliswa kwamaphoyisa kuhambisana nokwehliswa kwecala okusabalele, bese-kezinto ezifana nokuba nesiqukathi esivulekile egcekeni lakho noma ukuthengisa ugwayi ongakhokhiswa intela.
Nakanjani. Kuhambisana nokususa umsebenzi wocansi, izidakamizwa, ukungabi nakhaya, ukugula ngengqondo. Asiyidingi ngempela i-vice unit, sidinga uhlelo lokudayisa ngocansi olusemthethweni olulawulwa njenganoma yiliphi elinye ibhizinisi. Asiwadingi amaphoyisa ezikole, sidinga abeluleki kanye nezinhlelo zobulungiswa bokubuyisela esimeni. Asizidingi izikhungo zamaphoyisa ezisiza abantu abangenamakhaya, sidinga izindlu ezisisekayo, izindawo zokuquba ezizinze emphakathini, osonhlalakahle.
Uwuhlanganisa kanjani umqondo wokuqedwa kwamaphoyisa nesidingo sokubhekana nezinsongo ezinzima zokuphepha komphakathi njengokubulala noma ukuhlasela okubi (uma lawo macala enziwa umphakathi jikelele)?
Uhlelo lwezobulungiswa bobugebengu luthi kunesu elilodwa layo yonke intoโukubopha, ukuvalela ejele. Okushiwo ababhubhisi ukuthi, Ake sithole ukuthi kungani benza lokhu futhi sizame ukusungula amasu abambekayo okuvimbela. Akuwona wonke ukubulawa okufanayo. Ingabe icala lodlame lwasekhaya? Ingabe ukudubula esikoleni? Ingabe isivumelwano sezidakamizwa asihambi kahle? Siyazi, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi cishe kuwo wonke amacala okudubula esikoleni, othile wayenombono omuhle kakhulu walokho lokhu kungenzeka, kodwa akazange atshele muntuโnoma atshele amaphoyisa namaphoyisa ukuthi awanawo amathuluzi okwenza okuthile ngakho. Kuthiwani uma esikhundleni salokho, besinohlelo lapho lapho umuntu osemusha ecabanga ukuthi umngane wakhe angenza into embi kakhulu, angahamba ayokhuluma nomuntu omdala onomthwalo wemfanelo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokuthi amaphoyisa azohileleka, ukuthi uzobe ehlekise umngane wakhe kumngane wakhe. amaphoyisa, noma ukuthi umngane wawo uzoxoshwa esikoleni ngenxa yenqubomgomo ethile yokungabekezelelani?
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi awukho umhlaba ophelele, asikho isisombululo esiphelele. Esinakho manje kusekude nokuphelela. Abantu bayabulawa ngaso sonke isikhathi, nakuba umphakathi wethu ugcwele amaphoyisa. Singaqhamuka nesimo lapho kunokubulawa kwabantu okumbalwa, kanye nemiphumela embalwa yokubambisa?
Wavelaphi umnyakazo wokuqeda amaphoyisa?
Yaqala ukuthatha isimo esihambisanayo ngasekupheleni kwawo-60s, ekuqaleni kwawo-70s. Ekuqaleni, umkhawulo omkhulu walokhu, kusukela ku-Black Panthers nabanye, kwakuwumqondo ukulawulwa komphakathi kwamaphoyisa. Kodwa iqembu lezishoshovu nezifundiswa libhale incwadi ebizwa ngokuthi I-Iron Fist kanye neGlove yeVelvet, lapho baqala khona ukuthi, โAke ume kancaneโingabe akhona umsebenzi wamaphoyisa ongumbono omuhle ngempela?โ Uma siqonda ubunjalo obuyisisekelo bamaphoyisa, noma ngabe umphakathi unegunya phezu kwawo, kuseyisikhungo sikahulumeni esigxile ekusetshenzisweni kodlame ukulungisa izinkinga. Futhi ngokomlando, alikaze lisebenze ngokuzuzisa abampofu nabangemhlophe.
Ngemva kweminyaka yawo-70, lo mbono waphela. Kwaba ukwanda kokuboshwa kwabantu abaningi eminyakeni engu-20 edlule okubuyisele lo mbono phambili. Eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-20 edlule, Ukumelana Okubalulekile yasungulwa eCalifornia, eyayigxile kakhulu ekuqedweni kwejele. Lokhu kwaholela ekusebenzeni nge Angela Davis futhi URuth Wilson Gilmore ezazigxile ekuqedweni kwejele. Kodwa imiphakathi yaqonda ukuthi ukuze sifeze ukuqedwa kwamajele, kwakudingeka senze okuthile nangamaphoyisa. Ngakho-ke imikhankaso emincane yaqala ukuvela. Esikhathini seBlack Lives Matter, kube nokujula kokuhlaziya phakathi kwezishoshovu ebezifuna nje ukubophisa amaphoyisa ababulali, kodwa zaqala ukubona ukuthi lokho ngeke kuyilungise ngempela inkinga.
Ingabe imikhankaso ibe nokunqoba?
Kube nokunqoba okuncane okufana nokubikezela esizama ukukwenza, kodwa hhayi okuningi. Kwesinye isikhathi, esikwenzile sivimbe ukwenyuka kwemali esetshenziswayo. Abantu bakwazile ukubulala uhlelo oluthile, noma uxhaso lwesikole esisha samaphoyisa.
Ukunqoba ngeke kubukeke sengathi umnyango wamaphoyisa uyavalwa. Ukunqoba kuzobukeka sengathi, sikhiphe amaphoyisa ezikoleni, noma sidale enye indlela yokusebenzisa amaphoyisa ukubhekana nokuswelakala kwezindlu.
Ini ingabe lokhu kugcina kubukeka sengathi kusezingeni elingokoqobo, ake sithi, uma imoto yami yebiwa?
Umngane wethu, bantshontshelwe imoto. Nangempela amaphoyisa ayitholile abopha umshayeli. Ngakho babengathi, โNiyabo? Sidinga amaphoyisa.โ Ngase ngithi, โAwu, ake sijule kancane lapha. Sazini ngomuntu oboshiwe ontshontshe imoto yakho?" "Hhawu, amaphoyisa athe uboshwe izikhathi eziningi futhi kusele nezidakamizwa emotweni?" Futhi ngifana, Hmm. Ngakho-ke sazama ukwenza amaphoyisa izikhathi eziningi nalo mfana. Ingabe kuvimbele imoto yakho ukuthi ingantshontshwa? Cha lo muntu untshontsha izimoto ngoba enenkinga yezidakamizwa? Mhlawumbe. Ingabe ukubathumela ejele ngokuphindaphindiwe kuyilungisa inkinga yabo yezidakamizwa? Cha. Kulungile, uma sifuna ukunciphisa ukuntshontshwa kwezimoto, okokuqala lapho sihlangana nalo muntu, kufanele siqale ukuzama ukuxazulula ukuthi yini ebangela ukuziphatha kwakhe okuyinkinga.
Ngaphandle kwamaphoyisa, noma ngokuhlehliswa kwamaphoyisa, isithombe sishintsha kanjani kubantu nasemiphakathini engawasebenzisi amaphoyisa noma engawathembi?
Kulabo bantu, isithombe siyashintsha ngoba ngethemba ukuthi ngeke babe nezinto eziningi eziyinkinga abazobhekana nazo. Iqiniso liwukuthi abantu abaningi abawabizi amaphoyisa njengoba kwenzeka ngoba babona sengathi kuzokwenza impilo yabo ibe nzima kakhulu. Lelo yiqiniso elijulile. Ngakho-ke esifuna ukukwenza akukhona nje ukubashiya bodwa, sifuna ukuzama futhi siqale ukulungisa izinkinga zabo. Njengodlame lwasekhaya, olungabikwanga kangako ngoba inqwaba yabasindile inomuzwa wokuthi ukuhileleka kwamaphoyisa kuzokwenza isimo sibe sibi nakakhulu. Amaphoyisa ayafika, angenzi lutho, abophe izinhlangothi zombili, noma abophe owesilisa owesifazane abethembele kuye ngokwezimali. Avele acasuke lapho ephuma ejele, afike amshaye futhi. Sikuphi isikhungo sezinsiza zomphakathi? Ziphi izinsiza zemindeni, ukuze mhlawumbe ikwazi ukulungisa izinkinga zayo? Ziphi izindawo zokudayisa abantu besifazane ukuze bakwazi ukuzimela, bahlukane nomhlukumezi?
Izinto bezizoshintsha kanjani kubantu abamhlophe abathembela emaphoyiseni futhi bethembe? Amy Coopers zomhlaba?
Ngeke babe nalo mthombo abangawuhlomela abantu. Kuzofanele bathole ezinye izindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga zabo.
Le nhlolokhono ihleliwe futhi yafinyezwa.
[Umongameli: funda ingcaphuno yencwadi ka-Alex Vitale Ukuphela Kwamaphoyisa in Yebo! Umagazini]
UMadison Pauly uyintatheli kwaMother Jones. Finyelela kuye [i-imeyili ivikelwe].
U-Alex Vitale unguprofesa weSociology kanye nomxhumanisi wePhrojekthi Yezobulungiswa Bezenhlalakahle e-Brooklyn College kanye noprofesa ovakashele e-London Southbank University. Uchithe iminyaka engu-25 edlule ebhala ngamapholisa futhi uthintana neminyango yamaphoyisa nezinhlangano zamalungelo abantu emhlabeni jikelele. U-Vitale ungumbhali we-City of Disorder: Indlela Umkhankaso Wekhwalithi Yempilo Oyiguqule Kanjani Ezombusazwe ZaseNew York kanye Nokuphela Kwamaphoyisa.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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