Ingabe impilo yethu ayiwona umhubhe
phakathi kwezinto ezimbili ezicacile?UPablo Neruda, I-Libros de las preguntas, 1974.
Ngo August 2006, uMamata Banerjee waya e-Singur, ikhaya elinabantu abangaba ngu-20,000 esifundazweni sase-West Bengal. U-Banerjee, owake waba yisishoshovu ku-Congress Party, wazihambela yedwa ngo-1997 (i-Trinamul Congress Party - TMC), wenza umfelandawonye ne-BJP yesokudla eminyakeni emibili kamuva, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi wahluleka ukuthola isikhundla sombuso. . Ngaleso sikhathi, abeNxele bebesanda kuhlanganisa ukubamba kwabo kwezepolitiki eNtshonalanga Bengal, sebebuse uhulumeni wezwe kusukela ngo-1977 ebumbene. I-Left Front inqobe lonke ukhetho kusukela ngo-1977 ngeningi lezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu eSishayamthetho. Okhethweni olwedlule, ngasekuqaleni kuka-2006, i-Left Front yandisa izibalo zayo zaba izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zoMkhandlu (i-TMC yalahlekelwa ingxenye yamalungu ayo ahlezi). Akukho ayengakwenza u-Banerjee kwabonakala sengathi kudiliza umfelandawonye oqinile owakhiwe ngabakwaNxele. Ithuba lakhe elihle kwaba okhethweni lwango-2001, olwandulelwa izinyanga zodlame esifundeni saseMidnapur, ikakhulukazi eduze kwebhande le-Pingla-Garbeta-Keshpur. U-Banerjee uthe lolu udlame oludalwe yi-Communist Party of India (Marxist) [CPM], ingxenye enkulu ye-Left Front. Ubenethemba lokuthi uzothola uhulumeni onozwela (oholwa yi-BJP) ukuthi axoshe uhulumeni wezwe ngaphambi kokhetho. Eqinisweni, izinhlaka ze-TMC zase ziqale udlame, emzamweni ononya wokuhlehlisa izinguquko zomhlaba ezaqalwa ngabakwaNxele ngeminyaka yawo-1970.
UBanerjee ufike eSingur, enyakatho nje yenhloko-dolobha yaseWest Bengal, iKolkata, ukuzoqeda umzamo kahulumeni wokuvuselela izimboni esifundazweni. Behla ezijezini zabo ezintathu, amalungu eqembu le-TMC kanye noBanerjee bajoyinwa idlanzana labantu bendawo njengoba eqhubeka nokutshala irayisi endaweni encane. Inkundla yezombangazwe enjalo yayiklanyelwe ukudalula umbhikisho wakhe: ukuthi uhulumeni usezinhlelweni zokuthola umhlaba kubalimi egameni lefemu ekhiqiza izimoto zamaNdiya, iTatas. I kisani waseBengal, utshele abezindaba ababehlangene, "izochitha igazi." Lesi bekuyisibikezelo salokho okwakuzokwenzeka, uma kubhekwa umlando wakamuva weMidnapur.
NgoZibandlela wezi-2006, i-TMC, ijoyinwe ama-Maoist aguqukile kanye nama-anarcho-syndicalists, yanikeza ubuholi kwidlanzana labalimi ababenganeliseki abenqaba ukunikeza imvume yokuthathwa komhlaba (abalimi ababenamahektha angama-952 wamahektha angama-997 adingekayo base besayine izincwadi zokuvuma ngaleso sikhathi) . I-Krishi Jami Raksha Samiti (KJRS), eholwa yi-TMC, yaqala ukuhlukumeza labo abasayina izincwadi zokuvuma (ngokwesibonelo, ngokucekela phansi izindlu), futhi yaqala ukuhlasela labo ababeze ukuzobiyela umhlaba otholiwe. Kulokhu, uhulumeni wezwe wathumela amaphoyisa, adubula isisi esikhalisa unyembezi kubabhikishi futhi abopha ishumi nambili. abantu. Uhulumeni usuqale uphenyo ngesenzo samaphoyisa eseqile (amaphoyisa athi i-KJRS yabajikijela “amabhomu ezwe”).
U-Singur ubeyisivivinyo sokugqoka esigabeni esilandelayo.
ISingur yachitheka yawela uMfula iHooghly, yangena esifundeni sase-East Midnapur, endaweni yaseNandigram. I-Nandigram iyisifunda esintekenteke kwezomnotho, kodwa iseduze nokukhula kwemboni enkulu, okufanekiselwa yimboni yokuhluza i-Haldia Petrochemical kanye nefekthri yamakhemikhali yakwaMitsubishi. Uhulumeni ubemagange ukuthuthukisa i-Nandigram, esebenzisa le ndawo njengendawo yesikhungo samakhemikhali amakhulu. Isilinganiso siwukuthi le ndawo izoqasha abantu ababalelwa ku-100,000. Le ngxenye yephrojekthi yahlala ithule, esigabeni sesiphakamiso. Ungqongqoshe Omkhulu WaseNtshonalanga Bengal, u-Buddhadev Bhattacharya, wenze isitatimende esidlangalaleni sokuthi ngeke kube khona ukuthathwa komhlaba ngaphandle kokuxhumana okubanzi kwezepolitiki. Nokho, umbhalo owasakazwa yi-Haldia Development Authority watshala imbewu yokungabaza. U-Bhattacharya uchithe idokhumenti.
I-TMC kaBanerjee, okokuqala ngqa eminyakeni, yabona kwenziwa umkhankaso wezepolitiki omelene nohulumeni wakwa-Left Front. Iphathi yakhe manje isuke eSingur yaya eNandigram. Lapho isishoshovu uMedha Patkar evakashele uSingur (uhambo olunqatshelwe uhulumeni wezwe), waya eNandigram, lapho umzabalazo, ngaleso sikhathi, wawuthulisiwe. Kwaba ngamathumba ngemuva kweSingur, njengoba i-TMC kanye nabalingani bayo bezama ukwakha umfutho ozuzwe eSingur. Ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari 2007, ezigamekweni ezimbili, amaphoyisa ashaywa, kwashiswa izindiza zamaphoyisa, kwaphoqeleka ukuthi izisebenzi zombuso zihoxe endaweni. Amahhovisi e-CPM acekeleke phansi, abalandeli be-CPM abayizinkulungwane ezine basuswa esifundeni futhi imigwaqo engenela eNandigram yambiwa. NgoFebhuwari, uNgqongqoshe Omkhulu u-Bhattacharya waba nomhlangano womphakathi eduze kwase-Nandigram, lapho aphinda khona isibopho sakhe sokuthi awukho umhlaba ozosetshenziselwa indawo yamakhemikhali nokuthi le ndawo ngeke ibe yi-Special Economic Zone (SEZ) uma abantu bakhona bephikisana nayo. Udlame olubhekiswe kubalandeli be-CPM lwaqhubeka, futhi uNandigram wahlala yedwa. Ngo-March 14, 2007, uhulumeni wezwe wathumela amaphoyisa ukuba abuyisele indawo. Esehlakalweni esihlomile, amaphoyisa abulale abantu abayisishiyagalombili (abanye abayisithupha babulawa emgwaqeni). Lesi kwakuyisigameko esibi kakhulu eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu kuhulumeni weLeft Front.
Eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu edlule, ngo-1977, Amaqembu amabili amakhulu amaKhomanisi ahlangana namanye amadlelandawonye ukuze athathe izintambo kuhulumeni wesifunda saseWest Bengal. Ngesithembiso esikhulu, umfelandawonye we-Left Front uthole ukulawula kukahulumeni wezwe. I-Congress Party ye-bourgeois-nationalist Congress Party yehlulekile ukwenza izinguquko zomhlaba eziyisisekelo, futhi yayingamele ukumiswa kwesizinda sezimboni zombuso (uma sikhuluma iqiniso, enye yezimboni eziyinhloko kwakuyi-jute, eyayingene ekuwohlokeni okukhulu ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili). OweNxele waqala ukusebenza enegunya elincane, ebeka udaba lomhlaba phambili. Ngo-2, umholi wamaKhomanisi uP. Sundarayya wabhala, “Kungokwakha uquqaba olunamandla olufinyelela umvuthwandaba ekuthathweni komhlaba lapho siyogcina sithole khona ‘izwe kulilimi,’” okuyilokho kanye okwenziwa iNxele. Izinzuzo bezinkulu: namuhla, ama-1971% omhlaba wokulima eNtshonalanga Bengal usezandleni zabalimi abancane nabaphakathi nendawo, futhi umkhiqizo wezolimo uphakeme lapho kunanoma yisiphi esinye isifunda saseNdiya. Ukubuyiswa komhlaba, uma kubhekwa izibonelelo zakhona kuMthethosisekelo waseNdiya, kwakungesona isimangalo esiqinile, kodwa kwakuyisinyathelo esikhulu esibheke ekuguqulweni kwesakhiwo sasemaphandleni. Ukuguqulwa komhlaba kwalandelwa yinhlangano lapho abalimi abangaqashi abangenamhlaba babhalisa khona amalungelo abo omhlaba (Operation Bargha), umkhankaso wezikhathi ezithile owawuholwa ngabasebenzi bezolimo ngokusebenzisa inyunyana yabo ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinga lamaholo wonke, futhi ekugcineni, ukuvuselelwa kwezinga lesigodi. izikhungo (ama-panchayats) zokuzibusa kwendawo. Uhulumeni wakwaNxele wasebenzisa lokho osekuvunyelwe ngokomthetho nguMthethosisekelo; alizange lidlulele ngale kwelungelo lempahla eliqukethwe kuMthethosisekelo. Njengohulumeni wezwe elingaphakathi kweriphabhulikhi yobumbano yaseNdiya, Abakwesobunxele benze lokho okungenziwa emaphandleni: noma yini enye idinga ukubuyekezwa koMthethosisekelo, futhi lokho kungaza kuphela namandla ezepolitiki abanzi.
Ungqongqoshe Oyinhloko Wokuqala we-Left Front, u-Jyoti Basu wayeqaphile njengoba uhulumeni wakhe ethatha izintambo ngo-1977, etshela abezindaba, "Kumele senelise ukwenza noma yiziphi intuthuko encane esingayenza ezimpilweni zabantu abampofu, ukuze senze impilo iphile." Emashumini amabili eminyaka kamuva, amazinga obumpofu e-Bengal ehla kakhulu (ngokweKhomishana Yokuhlela).
Kodwa, maphakathi nawo-1990, kwavela ukuphikisana okusha emaphandleni aseBengali. Izinqubomgomo zezolimo ze-neo-liberal emhlabeni wonke zehlisile amanani entengo yempahla yezolimo, ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba izinqubomgomo zezomnotho ze-neo-liberal zikahulumeni waseNdiya seziguge amandla ombuso wokungenelela egameni labalimi abancane nabaphakathi ababhekene nenselelo. kuyo yonke le nkinga yebhodi. Izinga lokuqedwa kobumpofu laqala ukwehla njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo ngokwako kwehla (kwakungu-5.4% ekuqaleni kwawo-1980 futhi kwaba ngu-2.99% kuphela eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva). Ngo-1993, ikomiti elasungula uhulumeni waseNtshonalanga Bengal labika ukuthi ukuntenga kwezolimo kwakungenakugwenywa, njengoba i-ajenda yokubuyiswa komhlaba yayisiphelile. Ukucindezeleka emaphandleni kwanikeza ithuba labo balimi abacebile (abaningi babo ababengabanikazi bezindlu ababengekho) ababelahlekelwe umhlaba wabo ngenxa yezinguquko. Bona, kanye ne-neo-rich yasemaphandleni, bakha i-bloc emaphandleni abalungele ukujoyina noma yimuphi umbhikisho, ngisho ophikisana nenkululeko, onamandla. I-TMC yayibheke la mabutho eMidnapur ngo-2000-01, futhi imikhankaso ye-TMC eSingur naseNandigram ibanikeze ithuba lokuziphendulela kuhulumeni wase-Left Front.
Esifundeni ngasinye eNdiya, ebesamukele i-neo-liberalism ngentshiseko yezithunywa zevangeli, inani likhokhwa abalimi, ikakhulukazi abalimi abancane. Kwezinye izindawo, njengesifunda saseVidharba eMaharasthra (njengoba intatheli uP. Sainath iqhubeka nokubhala), ukuzibulala kwabalimi kuthathe cishe ubhubhane. Laba balimi bayizisulu zokucasulwa komhlaba wonke kwe-neo-liberalism ekukhiqizeni okuncane emkhakheni wezolimo. Ngakho-ke, akukhona nje ukuqondana ukuthi emazweni ngamazwe eLatin America, abaNxele ngandlela thize baphinde bavuka ngenxa yezinkinga zokunganeliseki nezifiso zabalimi abancane. Emazweni lapho iNxele lingekho khona, leso sikhala sezombangazwe sigcwaliswe ngamanye amabutho e-Iran, ngokwesibonelo, into eyodwa eyabangela ukunqoba kuka-Mahmud Ahmadinejad okhethweni kwaba ukulwela kwakhe imbangela yabalimi abancane. Uma kubhekwa lesi simo somhlaba wonke, kubonakala kumangalisa ukuthi iWest Bengal ikwazile ukunqanda izimpawu zezepolitiki zenkinga yezolimo. Ngesinye isikhathi, noma kunjalo, izitayela zomhlaba bekufanele zifinyelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkinga ezintsha, nempande yazo ekuguqulweni komhlaba, ziye zavela: umbiko uhulumeni wesifunda saseWest Bengal owawugunyaze ngobusuku bangaphambi kokhetho olwedlule ukhomba ukuhlukaniswa komhlaba phakathi kwabazuzi bokuqala bezwe. izinguquko zomhlaba.
Njengoba isazi isidingo sokunqanda ukucindezeleka komnotho kwabasebenzi kanye nabalimi, kanye nezinkinga zezombangazwe ezizobandakanya lokhu, i-Left Front yasusa i-ajenda yezimboni kusukela ngawo-1970 uqobo. Ezinhlosweni zayo eziyisikhombisa (“kwiNqubomgomo Yezimboni YaseNtshonalanga Bengal” yango-1978), i-CPM, enguzakwethu omkhulu kunabo bonke e-Left Front, yacela “ukuguqulwa kwesimo sokuntengantenga kwezimboni” ngokuphoqelela inhloko-dolobha ebusayo, ukukhuthaza izimboni ezincane. , ukugqugquzela ukuzilawula kwabasebenzi kanye nokwanda komkhakha kahulumeni. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kwakuzoncishiswa ukuze kuvune imifelandawonye yezimboni kanye nomkhakha kahulumeni. Ukushabalala kwemboni ye-Jute (ukukhiqiza kwehle kusuka ku-15% ngo-1979-80 kuya ku-7% ngo-1997-98) kwaba uphawu lokwehla okuyinhlekelele kwesizinda sezimboni sase-Bengal. Bandakanya kulokhu indima enobutha enkulu eyadlalwa uHulumeni Omkhulu oholwa yiCongress (amalayisensi ezimboni avunyelwe yi-New Delhi enqatshiwe ngalesi sikhathi, njengoba kwenza izinsiza zezezimali zokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni), futhi ungaqonda ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwefekthri ebhalisiwe eWest Bengal kwehle kanjani kusuka cishe I-10% ngo-1977 yaya ku-6% ngo-1990 (ngo-1947, i-West Bengal yenza u-30% wayo yonke imikhiqizo yezimboni). Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980, isigaba sabasebenzi bezimboni, kwabonakala, sase siqalile ukushintsha ukwethembeka kusuka kwesobunxele kuya kuKhongolose (ngo-1987, uKhongolose wawina amavoti angama-41, kanti i-CPM yayingama-39%) kuphela. Kwakungekho nselele yokhetho engathi sína ngoba uKhongolose awukwazanga ukubhekana nawo wonke umfelandawonye, kodwa kwakunombuzo wokunganeliseki phakathi kwesigaba sabasebenzi basezimbonini esibhekene nokuntuleka kwemisebenzi okungapheli noma ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi.
Ngo-1992, uHulumeni Omkhulu waqeda inqubomgomo yokulinganisa impahla yensimbi eyakhinyabeza ikhono lombuso lokuheha imali yezimboni. Lokhu kuguqulwa kwenza umbuso uhehe ukutshalwa kwezimali, okwaqala ukungena kancane kancane. Ngo-1994, i-Left Front yakhiqiza umqulu omusha wenqubomgomo yezimboni, owakhula kule nkinga yokuwohloka kwezimboni, ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kwabasebenzi kanye nokungakwazi ukudalela abantu basemaphandleni amathuba emisebenzi amathuba abo enziwe ngcono kakhulu ngenxa yezinguquko zomhlaba kanye nokwakhiwa kwemisebenzi. ukubhaliswa kwabaqashi. Umbhalo wango-1994 wathi, “Uhulumeni Wezwe uyakwamukela ubuchwepheshe bangaphandle kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali, njengoba kungase kufaneleka, noma okuzuzise ngokufanayo. Iyakubona ukubaluleka kanye neqhaza elibalulekile lemboni ezimele ekuhlinzekeni ukukhula okusheshayo. Nakuba siqhubeka sikhuthaza ushintsho ezicini ezithile ezibalulekile zale Nqubomgomo Entsha Yezomnotho [kaHulumeni Oyinhloko], kufanele sikusebenzise ngokugcwele ukuhoxiswa kwenqubomgomo yokulinganisa impahla ngensimbi kanye nokugunyazwa ngokuphathelene nezimboni eziningi.” Inqubomgomo entsha yezimboni ayisabeki ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ngamadlelandawonye noma umkhakha womphakathi endaweni ephakathi (yize isaqhubeka nokuphusha ukuvuselelwa kwamayunithi omkhakha kahulumeni “ogulayo”, ukuze kuvuselelwe ukukhiqizwa kwempahla, njengetiye nejute, okusalokhu kuncipha, kanye nokuphusha imboni encane kanye ne-cottage). Izingcindezi ze-neo-liberal ezivela kuhulumeni omkhulu kanye nezitayela emhlabeni ziphazamisa lo mbhalo, manje ovumela ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni.
Kodwa uhulumeni uthatha kanjani “ithuba eligcwele” esimweni somhlaba lapho izintshisekelo zesikhathi esifushane zezimali zezimali zisidlula ngokuphelele izibopho zesikhathi eside zengqalasizinda yezimboni? Izithiyo zendawo nezesikhashana ebeziphethe inhlokodolobha yezimboni ezibophweni zayo azisasebenzi, futhi manje izifundazwe zizizwa zibophekile, njengoba isazi sezomnotho uPrabhat Patnaik ekubeka, ukuthi zikhokhe “isifumbathiso somphakathi” ezinkampanini ngokutshalwa kwezimali kwazo. Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zifumbathiso (izivumelwano zentela nokunye okunikezwayo) zinomthelela ezimalini zohulumeni bezifundazwe, ziba nomthelela omubi kubasebenzi kanye nabampofu. Ngaphakathi Kwesokunxele akukaze kube khona uhlobo lwengxoxo eqinile ngalendikimba obekufanele kube khona. Omunye wemiphumela ezuzisayo ye-Nandigram kube ukuthi manje sekuxoxwa ngezinkinga zokuthuthuka kwezinkampani, nokuthi ngabe amanye, amanye amasu angenzeka.
Inkulumo-mpikiswano yomgomo kufanele ibe phezu kombuzo wokuthi ukusungulwa kwezimboni, kanye nesu le-SEZ ikakhulukazi, liyawadala yini amathuba omsebenzi. Izinga lokukhula ngo-8% e-India kusukela ngo-1991 alidalanga ukwanda ngokuphelele kwemisebenzi yokukhiqiza. Njengoba uPatnaik esanda kuveza, imboni yezinkampani “ayikhiqizi nje umsebenzi omncane owengeziwe; kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho isebenzisa isikhundla sayo sokubusa ukuze yenze ukuqoqwa kwemali yokuqala (noma ngokuvamile, lokho engingakubiza ngokuthi ‘ukuqongelela ngokugqekeza’): ngokufuna izimvume ezivela kumgcinimafa wombuso; ngokubeka ‘imibandela’ kuhulumeni wezwe ngendlela elimaza abantu, okuhlanganisa ukuphucwa umhlaba wabo nokuxoshwa endaweni yabo yokuhlala; nangokuhileleka ekuqageleni umhlaba.” Amaqembu aNxele agxeke kakhulu indlela inqubomgomo ye-SEZ eyakhiwe ngayo. E-India yonkana, ama-SEZ asephenduke inqubomgomo eyinhloko yokuqagelwa kwezindawo ezithengiswayo. Ngenxa yalokhu kuhlanekezela, isabelo sama-SEZ ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe sasingu-5% kuphela ngo-2004-05 (ngawo lowo nyaka, u-1% kuphela wokuqashwa kwefekthri kanye no-0.32% ekutshalweni kwezimali kwasembonini eza ngama-SEZ). Kuma-SEZ amasha asathuthuka, angama-61% asembonini ye-IT, okungeyona indlela ethembisayo yokuqinisa umkhakha wezokukhiqiza. I-Left Front, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayinikezwa ekuxoshweni ngokuqagela kwezindlu noma ama-boondoggles e-IT. Ifuna ukusebenzisa inqubomgomo hhayi ukuqagela ngomhlaba, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni (i-Shenzhen eningi kune-Shanghai). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushiya uMbuso ngaphandle kwenqubo yokuthathwa komhlaba kuzovumela abaqageli bomhlaba ukuthi bakhokhise abalimi nabalimi bomhlaba wabo ukuze basebenzele imboni yezinkampani. Umbuzo we-SEZ ubalulekile ukuthi kuxoxwe ngawo, kodwa akuyona inkinga yomgomo: umbuzo wokukhiqizwa kwamathuba omsebenzi ngokusungulwa kwezimboni.
Esikhundleni sokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni, u-Patnaik uphikisa ukusungulwa kwezimboni ngamadlelandawonye noma imboni yomphakathi, “lapho abalimi ngokwabo bengaba ngabanikazi bemboni ngokuhlanganyela ngokuzihlela babe imifelandawonye, khona-ke lezi zindleko kubantu zingancishiswa noma zigwenywe.” Inkinga yalezi zindlela ezihlukile kuze kube manje kube ukuntula ukufinyelela kwezezimali. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ohulumeni bezifunda abakwazi ukuthembela ekongeni kwabo, kodwa kanjalo nosozimboni abazimele. Bobabili baphendukela emabhange kanye “nakubabolekisi bezikhungo” ukuze bathole imali, kodwa kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi laba babolekisi bezentengiselwano “nosizo”, kanye nebhange elimaphakathi laseNdiya, abafuni ukuxhasa ngezimali noma iyiphi iphrojekthi engahambisani ne-neo-liberalism. Amaphrojekthi kumele abe nohlangothi lwangasese kuwo (ubambiswano phakathi komphakathi nezizimele luyamukeleka). Lesi simo sikhulisa ukuzethemba konxiwankulu, asebedale, njengoba usosayensi wezombangazwe uJorgen Dige Pedersen abhala, “impi yomqashi,” lapho onxiwankulu bezizwa benesibindi emhlabeni ukuze benze sengathi umnyombo wabo ubaluleke kakhulu kunanoma yini enye. . Lokhu kushisekela izwe kwangempela kwehluke kakhulu ekuthandweni kwezwe okuphoqelekile kwenkathi yokungenisa esikhundleni. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi amayunithi ezinkampani zikahulumeni awakwazi ukuxhaswa ngezimali. Imboni ye-Haldia iphrojekthi kaHulumeni Omkhulu; kanye ne-Indian Oil Company, iyunithi yomkhakha kahulumeni, ingumtshali-zimali oqinile endaweni ehlongozwayo yamakhemikhali. Ngamanye amazwi, amandla okwanele avela kwesobunxele nakwabambisene nawo angakwazi ukukhiqiza "impi yabantu," ukuze athathe imali esikhwameni somphakathi ukuze azuze abantu.
Izinxushunxushu zaseSingur naseNandigram aziveli kuphela ezinxushunxushwini zezicebi zasemakhaya kanye neqembu labo lezepolitiki eliyinhloko, i-TMC (kanye nabanye ababambisene nabo beNxele). Ukwehluleka okukodwa kuzo zombili lezi zimo kube ukuqaliswa okungaqondakali okuholele enkingeni yezepolitiki, okwathi kuzo zombili lezi zimo, kuzanywa ukuxazululwa ngokuthatha izinyathelo zamaphoyisa. Zonke izingxenye ze-Left Front zigxeka ukuqaliswa, noma ngabe ezinye zikhuluma kakhulu kunezinye. Ngisho noNgqogqoshe, iKhabhinethi yakhe eyabeka isisekelo sokusebenza kwayo, ubelokhu engagwegwesi ngokungabi bikho komkhankaso wepolitiki wokuchazela abantu ngezinkinga nokufuna imibono yabo mayelana nokuthathwa komhlaba kanye nokuvuselelwa. Kungemuva kwalezi zinxushunxushu, lapho abe-Left Front bachaza khona ukuthi impumelelo yokuguqulwa komhlaba iphazamisa umzamo wokuthola umhlaba wokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni (ngaphansi kwe-1% yomhlaba wokulima ulele ezweni, kanti isibalo saseNdiya singu-17.6%. ). UNgqongqoshe Wezokubuyiselwa Komhlaba u-Abdur Rezzak Molla wake wathi ngenkinga yokuthathwa komhlaba, “Sithatha abalimi ngesandla sobunxele lokho esasibanika kona ngesandla sokudla.” Ingxabano e-Singur yayiyi-herring ebomvu: iphakethe lesinxephezelo elinikezwa abasebenzi bezolimo kanye nabanikazi bomhlaba lamukelwa kabanzi njengesandla esivulekile, futhi abaningi bayamukele. Uhulumeni usesungule izindawo zokuqeqesha ukuze kususwe abanye abasebenzi emsebenzini wezolimo baye emsebenzini wezimboni, nakuba kunemibuzo ezwakalayo yokuthi bangaki abantu abazothola umsebenzi futhi bakuliphi izinga.
Ukuqaliswa kokusetshenziswa kabi e-Singur kanye nenkinga yokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni e-Nandigram kokubili kuyizindaba ezibalulekile ezidinga ukuxoxisana nokuxoxisana. Kodwa imithombo yezindaba yonxiwankulu kanye namaphephandaba agxile ekufezekisweni okungalungile kanye namasu okuthuthukisa izimboni futhi bakuthatha njengophawu lokwehluleka ngokuphelele kweNxele. Ngenkathi iqembu leLeft lithatha isinyathelo, "babengama-fascist emphakathini," futhi abanye benza ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-community fascism yaseGujarat (izinkulungwane ezabulawa ku-pogrom ka-2002) nezehlakalo ze-2006-07 e-Bengal. Izindaba zaphuma emongweni, futhi kwavela izinsolo (ukuhlukumeza ngokocansi, ukubulala) eziye zabonakala zingamanga. Okucasule kakhulu ukubulawa kwentokazi, uTapasi Malik, obengumholi emzabalazweni waseSingur wokulwa nokuthathwa komhlaba. Amabhulogi kanye nabezindaba bonxiwankulu basole lokhu kufa ku-CPM. ICentral Bureau of Investigation manje inombono wokuthi wabulawa nguyise nomfowabo. Noma ngabe yini umphumela, lolu wudaba lobugebengu olwathathwa njengobufakazi bokonakala kweNxele. Okuphawuleka ngokufanayo kwakuyindaba “yezinsalela ezishisiwe zengane,” okuthiwa ibulawe yi-CPM. Kuvele ukuthi izinsalela bekungezepayipi lokwenziwa elishile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithombo yezindaba yonxiwankulu kanye namaphephandaba akunaka ukubulawa kwezishoshovu zeNxele, kanye nokuphucwa izinkulungwane zabalandeli be-CPM endaweni yaseNandigram. Ukufunda phakathi kwamanga alezi zinhlobo zamaphephandaba kuwumsebenzi wesikhathi esigcwele. I e Toto ukwenqatshwa kweQembu Elingakwesobunxele, ikakhulukazi abangewona Iqembu Kwesokunxele, kukhohlwa indima ebalulekile edlalwa yiLeft Front kanye ne-CPM eNtshonalanga Bengal kanye nakuso sonke isizwe ekulweni nobufascism beHindutva; futhi ibukela phansi indima ebalulekile eyadlalwa yi-Left Front kanye ne-CPM ekulweni nemithetho ye-neo-liberal, kanye nokuvikela izintshisekelo zabasebenzi kanye nabalimi. Phakathi nendawo, ishiya imikhawulo yesakhiwo ebhekene nabakwaLeft Front, okumele benze umgwaqo wamaNdiya njengoba bewuphupha.
Uma amaphoyisa evulela ngenhlamvu egameni likahulumeni wakwa-Left-wing, kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi asimise kancane. Akubuzwa ukuthi kuwuphawu lwenkinga yezepolitiki, edinga isixazululo sezepolitiki. Kepha, kungalesi sikhathi lapho amakhanda apholile adinga khona ukunqoba. Umuntu akalindele lutho olutheni ku-TMC, engagcinanga nje ngokucindezela isimo, kodwa futhi, yehlulekile ukuqoqa izimali zezombusazwe kuso. Futhi umuntu akanakulindela lukhulu kumaNaxalite, amaMaoist angakakhiwa kabusha, alahlekelwe kakhulu ukulawula isu lawo lezombangazwe ngenxa yalokho okwakubizwa ngokuthi “inkulumo-ze yesenzo.” Izenzo zobudlova ngokumelene nesitha sabo esikhulu sezombusazwe, iLeft Front, yibo reason d'etre. Umuntu, nokho, ulindele okwengeziwe kuma-Maoist aguquliwe, ama-anarcho-syndicalists kanye nabangewona oweParty Left. Bona, phela, bangadlala indima enhle, ebucayi eNtshonalanga Bengal, besunduza besuka Kwesokunxele, begxeka futhi befunda. Esikhundleni salokho, bajoyine i-Trojan Horse yangakwesokudla, ngephutha lokuqala: ukunakekela kuphela amasu esikhathi esifushane futhi bangaboni isu lesikhathi eside. Uma i-TMC iphumelele ukugqashula ingemuva leKhohlo, lokhu bekuzoshiya kuphi okungeyona i-Left Front? Lithini isu labo lokuvukela umbuso kuleso simo?
I-West Bengal's Left Front inesikhala sokusebenza egameni labantu, kodwa amandla anganele okuguqula izikhungo zombuso nezinhlangano zomphakathi. Ngenkathi imibuso yangakwesokunxele iqala ukubusa eVenezuela, eBolivia nase-Ecuador, ngamunye waqala inqubo yokubuyekeza uMthethosisekelo ukuze umnyakazo wabantu uqhubekisele phambili i-ajenda eqinile. Baphinde basizwa inzuzo kawoyela negesi eyenziwa yiVenezuela neBolivia. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuthi bawine amandla ombuso nokuthi banemali ethile yokutshala imali kwabanikeza amandla okwenza i-ajenda yangemuva kweneoliberal. I-Left Front yaseWest Bengal ayikho kuleyo ligi, nakuba ihlulelwa ngaleyo ndlela.
Kepha i-Left Front kumele yahlulelwe, futhi kumele ibhekane nokugxekwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ngangokunokwenzeka. Izixazululo zokudala zezinkinga ezibonakala zingenakuxazululeka ziyadingeka. Lezi zingafika kuphela lapho ingqikithi Yesokunxele inikeza imibono engcono kakhulu yokuphula Ifindo le-Gordian lokungathuthuki kahle nokuthuthuka.
Sudhanva Deshpande ungumlingisi nomqondisi noJana Natya Manch. Ungumhleli we-Leftword Books (eNew Delhi).
UVijay Prashad unguGeorge noMartha Kellner uSihlalo weSouth Asian History kanye noMqondisi Wezifundo Zamazwe Ngamazwe e-Trinity College, eHartford, CT Incwadi yakhe entsha ithi Izizwe Ezimnyama: Umlando Wabantu Womhlaba Wesithathu, New York: The New Press, 2007. Angatholakala ku: [i-imeyili ivikelwe]
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