Uma kunento eyodwa ehlanganisa lokho okungalungile ngendlela uhulumeni asebenza ngayo namuhla, IMIZUZU ingabe. Ubungeke ukwazi egameni, kodwa Isivumelwano Sohwebo Sokulwa Nokwenziwa Komgunyathi siyi- isivumelwano se-plurilateral yakhelwe ukwandisa nokwelula imithetho ekhona yokuphoqelela impahla yengqondo (IP) ku-inthanethi. Yize bekuxoxiswane nje phakathi kwamazwe ambalwa,1 kunemiphumela yomhlaba wonke. Okokuqala ngoba izodala imithetho emisha ye-inthanethi, futhi okwesibili, ngoba izindinganiso zayo zizosetshenziswa kwamanye amazwe ngenqubo yaminyaka yonke ye-Special 301 yase-US. Kuxoxiswana ngakho ngasese, i-ACTA yeqe amasheke namabhalansi ezinhlangano ezikhona zamazwe ngamazwe zokumisela izimiso ze-IP, ngaphandle kokuphawula okuzwakalayo okuvela kumaphalamende kazwelonke, abenzi benqubomgomo, noma izakhamuzi zabo. Okubi nakakhulu, isivumelwano sakha isikhungo esisha somhlaba wonke, "iKomidi le-ACTA" elizokwengamela ukuqaliswa nokuchazwa kwalo okuzokwakhiwa ngamalungu angakhethiwe angenaso isibopho esingokomthetho sokubeka obala ezinqubweni zawo. Kokubili ngokwengqikithi nenqubo, i-ACTA ihlanganisa indlela ephelelwe yisikhathi yokusuka phansi, engenangqondo kuhulumeni engahambisani nemibono yesimanje yentando yeningi yokubamba iqhaza.
I-EU kanye namazwe angama-22 kwangu-27 angamalungu isayinwe I-ACTA izolo e-Tokyo. Lezi zindaba azibalulekile futhi azimangazi. Lesi yisinyathelo sakamuva esingaphezu kweminyaka emithathu yezingxoxo ezingaphumeleli. NgoZibandlela, i-Council of the European Unionโenye yezikhungo ezimbili zomthetho ze-European Union, eyakhiwe ngabaphathi abavela emazweni angama-27 angamalungu e-EUโyamukele i-ACTA ngesikhathi esingahlobene ngokuphelele behlangana kwezolimo nezokudoba. Yiqiniso, lokhu akukona ukuphela kwendaba e-EU. Ukuze i-ACTA yamukelwe njengomthetho we-EU, iPhalamende LaseYurophu kufanele ivotele ukuthi liyayamukela noma liyayenqaba.
E-US, kunokukhathazeka okukhulayo mayelana nokuvumelana nomthethosisekelo kwezingxoxo ze-ACTA โnjengesivumelwano sokuphatha esisodwaโ. Lena akuyona nje impikiswano ye-semantic. Uma i-ACTA ihlukaniswa njengesivumelwano, bekuzodingeka ukuthi igunyazwe yiSenethi. Kodwa i-USTR kanye ne-Administration baye bagcizelela ngokungaguquki ukuthi i-ACTA iyisivumelwano sokuphatha esisodwa okuxoxiswene ngaso ngaphansi kwamandla kaMongameli. Kulowo mbono, ayidingi imvume kaKhongolose futhi ngenxa yalokho i-ACTA isivele yabophezela kuhulumeni wase-US ngenkathi Inxusa uRon Kirk liyisayina ngo-Okthoba odlule.
Kepha izazi eziholayo zoMthethosisekelo wase-US aphikisana. Osolwazi UJack Goldsmith noLarry Lessig, ibuze ukuhlukaniswa kwesivumelwano somthethosisekelo ngo-2010:
Umongameli akanalo igunya lomthethosisekelo elizimele mayelana nempahla yengqondo noma inqubomgomo yezokuxhumana, futhi awukho umkhuba omude womlando wokwenza izivumelwano zesigungu esiphezulu kule ndawo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uMthethosisekelo unikeza igunya eliyinhloko phezu kwalezi zindaba kuCongress, enecala lokwenza imithetho elawula ukuhweba kwamanye amazwe kanye nempahla yengqondo.2
(Kanti, siyavumelana [pdf].)
USenator Ron Wyden useneminyaka ebuza le mibuzo, okokuqala efuna incazelo kuye Inxusa le-USTR uRon Kirk, UMongameli Obama, futhi manje uchwepheshe ophezulu wezomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe wokuphatha Harold Koh. Umehluko phakathi kwesivumelwano sokuphatha nesivumelwano akufanele ulahleke kulokhu kuphatha: njengoSenator, iPhini likaMongameli uJoe Biden wasebenzisa. impikiswano efanayo ukudinga abaphathi bakaBush ukuthi bafune imvume yeSenethi ngesivumelwano sokunciphisa izikhali.
Amaqembu anentshisekelo yomphakathi kanye nosopolitiki abanolwazi kudala bekhala ngalezi zinkinga nge-ACTA. Kodwa umthelela wokuhlelwa kwemithetho engabazekayo uthola ukunakwa okusha ngenxa yenhlangano ephikisayo yomhlaba wonke enamandla ephume emibhikishweni yangesonto eledlule yokunqanyulwa kwe-inthanethi. Izishoshovu kanye nabasebenzisi benethiwekhi emhlabeni wonke baye bavuka ezingozini zeziphakamiso zokusetshenziswa kwemithetho eqinisiwe ezabhalwa abagqugquzeli bezimboni ezizimele, futhi baphuthuma emthethweni ngokunxenxa amasu ngezintshisakalo zenkampani ezifanayo ezazisekela i-SOPA ne-PIPA. Amashumi ezinkulungwane ukuphikisana emigwaqweni yasePoland njengenxusa labo isayinwe isivumelwano eTokyo. IPhalamende le-EU iwebhusayithi futhi abanye sebehlaselwe ngokubandakanyeka kwabo kule mithetho. ILungu LePhalamende LaseYurophu elaqokwa ukuba ngumlobi we-ACTA ePhalamende LaseYurophu, uKader Arif, niyeke izolo embhikishweni. Phakathi ku isitatimende uthe:
Ngifuna ukugxeka ngendlela eqine kakhulu yonke inqubo eholele ekusayinweni kwalesi sivumelwano: akukho ukufakwa kwezinhlangano zomphakathi, ukungabikho obala kusukela ekuqaleni kwezingxoxo, ukuhlehliswa okuphindaphindiwe kokusayinwa kombhalo ngaphandle kwencazelo. uma kunikezwa, ngaphandle kwezimfuno zePhalamende le-EU ezavezwa izikhathi ezimbalwa emhlanganweni wethuโฆ
โฆLesi sivumelwano singase sibe nemiphumela emikhulu ezimpilweni zezakhamizi, futhi noma kunjalo, konke kwenziwa ukuvimbela iPhalamende LaseYurophu ukuthi libe nezwi lalo kulolu daba. Yingakho namuhla, njengoba ngikhipha lo mbiko engangiwuphethe, ngifuna ukuthumela uphawu oluqinile futhi ngixwayise umbono womphakathi ngalesi simo esingamukeleki. Ngeke ngibambe iqhaza kulomaskandi.
Besingeke sikusho kangcono thina. I-ACTA kungenzeka isayinwe izikhulu zikahulumeni, kodwa kusobala ukuthi azimele izintshisekelo zomphakathi.
Manje sekusesivumelwaneni somphakathi ukuthi yini okumele uyenze ngokulandelayo, nokuthi abantu bazibuze ukuthi bafuna uhulumeni wabo ubukeke kanjani. Uyakholelwa kuntando yeningi? Ingabe ukholelwa ukuthi imithetho kufanele yenziwe ukuze ibonise izintshisekelo zethu ezihlangene, ezakhiwe ngenqubo evulelekile esobala? Evumela wonke umuntu, kusukela kochwepheshe kuya kumalungu omphakathi, ukuba ahlaziye, abuze futhi aphenye isivumelwano esizoholela emithethweni engaba nomthelela ezigidini zezigidi zabantu? Uma singenzi lutho manje, lesi sivumelwano sizozigaxa emandleni. Njengoba ikusasa lisengozini kanje, akukephuzi kakhulu ukulwa.
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Uma uhlala eYurophu, landela lezi zixhumanisi ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungathatha kanjani isinyathelo esisheshayo futhi uhlale unolwazi ngezibuyekezo zakamuva:
I-La Quadrature du Net (@laquadrature): Ungenza kanjani Ngokumelene ne-ACTA
Amalungelo Edijithali YaseYurophu (@EDRi_org): Misa i-ACTA!
Vula Iqembu Lamalungelo (@OpenRightsGroup): I-ACTA: isayiniwe, ayikakavalwa - manje kukithi
Isisekelo Sengqalasizinda Yemininingwane Yamahhala (@FFII): Ibhulogi ye-ACTA
Kulabo abase-US, ungabonisa ukuphikisa kwakho isinqumo esingabazisayo sokuxoxisana ne-ACTA njengesivumelwano sokuphatha esisodwa sokudlula ukubuyekezwa okufanele kwekhongolose ukusayina lesi sicelo kuwebhusayithi ye-whitehouse.gov, ifuna ukuthi abaphathi balethe i-ACTA kuSenethi ukuze ivunywe.
I-EFF izoqhubeka nokuqapha ukuqaliswa kwe-ACTA emhlabeni wonke futhi ibheke nemizamo yokusebenzisa i-ACTA ukuze kwandiswe amandla okuqinisa e-US.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela