Yini esingayifunda ebuthweni elisha lezempi e-United Auto Workers (UAW)?
Esinye isifundo siwukuthi amandla amalungu akudingeki aqale esikhulwini esikhulu; lokho akunakwenzeka. Amalungu e-UAW anjalo esitelekeni namuhla, enamazinga akhuthazayo we amandla ezinga nefayela, ngoba eminyakeni emine edlule iqembu elincane lezishoshovu lasungula ikhokhasi entsha yezinguquko. Leyo khokhasi, Hlanganisa Bonke Abasebenzi Bentando Yeningi (UAWD), ngesibindi wasebenzisa ithuba elingalindelekile, wahlelwa njengohlanya, wawina ukhetho, waqhubeka nokuhola inyunyana. Umongameli wabo wamazwe omhlaba uhlala ewudlulisa umyalezo wokuthi impi ye-UAW yalokhu kuwa iyimpi yabo bonke abasebenzi.
Ukube i-UAWD ibingekho futhi ihlele ngokuzikhandla, le mpi yamanje enamandla amakhulu okuguqula izinto ezithinta yonke inhlangano yabasebenzi ibingeke yenzeke. Phezulu, i-UAW isazoba inyunyana yebhizinisi embi kakhulu, ehlose ukuxoxisana nge inkontileka eshibhile (mhlawumbe nge Isiteleka se-BS), futhi amalungu ayoba sebumnyameni.
Lapho uMnyango Wezobulungiswa waqala waphenya i-UAW yenkohlakalo, izishoshovu ezimbalwa ezinesikhathi eside zabona ukuvulwa. Ngo-2019, basungula i-UAWD futhi baqala umkhankaso - owawubonakala uxakile ngaleso sikhathi - wokushintsha umthethosisekelo we-UAW ukuze amalungu avotele ngqo izikhulu eziphezulu. Kusukela yasungulwa le nyunyana ngawo-1930, izihambeli zomhlangano zazikhethe izikhulu. Kusukela ngawo-1940 kuze kube kulo nyaka imihlangano yayilawulwa ngokuqinile ngabaqanjwe ngokufanele I-Administration Caucus, eyasungulwa nguWalter Reuther. Inqubo yokuchibiyela umthethosisekelo i-Byzantine, kodwa ngesikhathi esifushane i-UAWD yaba esondela emgomweni wayo yokuthola izakhamuzi eziyishumi nanhlanu ezidingekayo ezimele amalungu angama-79,000 ukuba abize umhlangano okhethekile. Kwabe sekufika i-COVID-19, ikhansela imihlangano yezinyunyana yasendaweni kanye nokuvala izitshalo.
Nokho, i-UAWD yaphinde yavuka futhi yabe isiveza imibono yayo eMnyangweni Wezobulungiswa: indlela yokuqeda inkohlakalo kwakuwukuvumela amalungu ukuthi avote. Leli bekuyiqhinga elifanayo elathathwa yi-Teamsters for a Democratic Union (TDU) ngeminyaka yawo-1980, ngesikhathi inyunyana yabo isaphenywa. I-TDU yawuchitha umqondo wokuthatha umbuso kuhulumeni, njengoba abaningi kuhulumeni babewukhuthazile, futhi yathi esikhundleni salokho: ake amalungu anqume. Ama-feds agunyaze ivoti lezinga nefayela, u-Ron Carey wakhethwa njengomongameli ngokwesekwa yi-TDU, futhi waqhubeka nokuhola idumela elimangalisayo neliyimpumelelo. isiteleka e 1997.
Ekugcineni umqaphi woMnyango Wezobulungiswa wathi uzovumela amalungu e-UAW anqume ukuthi ayafuna yini ukunquma. Ekwindla ka-2021, bavotele ukuthi bagcine uhlelo lomhlangano omdala noma bashintshele evotini lelungu elilodwa nelilodwa. Ukuvela kwabalula - amaphesenti angu-14 kuphela amalungu angu-400,000 kanye nabangu-600,000 asebethathe umhlalaphansi, okubonisa kokubili izinga eliphezulu lokugxeka amalungu kanye nesimo esidabukisayo sencwadi yamakheli yenyunyana - kodwa ukhetho oluqondile. Won ngamaphesenti angu-63.6.
I-Administration Caucus, ngaleso sikhathi eyayisaphethe inyunyana, yazama ukwenza sengathi ivoti alenzeki, kodwa i-UAWD yakhankasa kanzima, amalungu akha izinhlu zokuthintwa, ukusabalalisa amapheshana, ukubhenka ngezingcingo, ukukhuluma nozakwabo nabezindaba, ukusayinwa kwezithembiso, nokwenza. inkundla yezokuxhumana, nokubamba imicimbi eku-inthanethi. Bathole amalungu e-UAWD akhethwa njengezihambeli zomhlangano futhi akwazi ukuphendula Ingqungquthela yango-2022 kusukela kumcimbi wokusnuza womkhosi kanye nesitembu senjoloba ukuya endaweni yenkulumompikiswano. Umhlangano ukhuphule iholo lesiteleka futhi waqala ngosuku lokuqala lwesiteleka esikhundleni sosuku lwaso lwesishiyagalombili - ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isikhwama senyunyana sika-$800 million singasetshenziswa ukwenza isinqumo sokuteleka kumalungu angabi buhlungu.
I-UAWD, ngalesi sikhathi ebihlanganisa abasebenzi basefemini kanye namalungu avela ezikhundleni eziphezulu zenyunyana, yabe isiqoka abantu abayisikhombisa esitelekeni esibizwa ngokuthi. Amalungu e-UAW United ukungenela isigungu esiphezulu esinamalungu ayishumi nane. Amalungu aphinde akhankasa kanzima, ethatha uhambo lokuzungeza iMidwest futhi ebamba imicimbi ye-Zoom ngaphezu kwawo wonke amanye amaqhinga. I-Administration Caucus, ejwayele ukulawula ngokuphelele cishe iminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili, ayizange iluthathele phezulu usongo lwe-UAWD. Ngenkathi amalungu evota ekwindla ka-2022, kusenabantu abambalwa kakhulu abavotile, amakhandidethi amahlanu e- Members United kanye noyedwa ozimele onobungane. bakhethwa ngokugcwele kanti abanye ababili, okuhlanganisa nongenele ukhetho lukamongameli uShawn Fain, baye emncintiswaneni.
Ngalesi sikhathi, i-Administration Caucus yavuka yalahla konke eyayinakho ukubamba isikhundla sikamongameli. Fain ekugcineni wakhethwa ngoMashi 2023 futhi wafunga emahoreni ambalwa ngaphambi kwengqungquthela yezingxoxo ezihleliwe zenyunyana.
Ukholo KumaLungu
I-UAWD ayizange imele inqwaba yamalungu futhi iningi elingenalutho lalabo abavotile. Nokho uFain namadlelandawonye akhe ebhodini nasezikhundleni nasefayeleni bakholelwa ukuthi bangawina futhi bavule amalungu abekade engabandakanyeki, abe nokungabaza, noma aphelelwe ithemba ngenyunyana yawo. Iningi lalingakaze libe yingxenye ye-UAW lapho kwenza umqondo omkhulu ukuza emhlanganweni.
Ngakho-ke, naphezu kodaka olujulile ekomkhulu lezinyunyana kanye neqiniso lokuthi izikhulu zendawo zazicishe zibe ngamadlelandawonye ne-Administration Caucus, zaqala ukusebenza emkhankasweni wenkontileka - amakhadi esithembiso esiteleka, ukuzijwayeza ukuqola, ukuxhumana okuningi, imidiya eminingi - eyakha. esitelekeni esiqale ngesonto eledlule. Naphezu kobuningi babo obuncane, balithatha ngokungathi sรญna igunya labo futhi baphokophela ukwenza lokho ababekuthembisile.
Imiphumela ibe yinhle kakhulu. Amalungu e-Big Three, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi avotele i-UAWD noma akukho muntu, ajabule ngokuthi umongameli wawo wabelana ngezimfuno zenyunyana, ukukhuluma nabo njalo nge-Facebook Live (futhi ephendula ngesikhathi sangempela kumazwana engxoxweni), futhi ebiza ama-CEO enza imali efinyelela ku-$14,000 ngehora, ngolimi lokuzabalaza kwekilasi aluvamile ukuzwakala ngaphandle komhlangano kaBernie Sanders. Isasasa kulayini picket kanye lokusungula iziqubulo namaqhinga amalungu asungulayo awakaze abonakale enhlanganweni emashumini amaningi eminyaka. Amalungu aphinde athola inhlonipho ngenyunyana yawo kanye nawo ngokwawo njengabasebenzi bezimoto namalungu enyunyana.
Abanye osomaqhinga bezinyunyana bakhuluma nezikhulu ezikhona kuphela, balibekela eceleni iqiniso lokuthi iningi lezikhulu ezikhethiwe azikuthandi ukushintsha izindlela zazo. Izikhulu eziningi, kwezinye izinyunyana izikhulu eziningi, zidinga ukushintshwa, futhi lokho kwenzeka kuphela ngama-rank-and-filers ukuhlela ukwenza kanjalo - ngokuvamile inqubo ehamba kancane (i-TDU yasungulwa ngo-1976). U-Fain kanye nobuholi obusha obusekelwa i-UAWD bathole umfutho ngokuya kumalungu asezingeni eliphezulu, bahlanganisa abaholi bendawo abasasekela iKhokhasi Yokuphatha.
Thatha Isikhathi
Lokho kuveza isifundo sesibili, esokuthi abasebenzi babambe ithuba labo noma bengakakulungeli ngokuphelele. Emhlabeni ophelele, i-UAWD ibizokhula phakathi neminyaka ukuze imele iningi lamalungu ahleleke kahle, izibonakalise ngokwenza ezingeni lendawo. Esikhundleni salokho, uphenyo lwenkohlakalo olungahleliwe, olwaqalwa phakathi neminyaka kaDonald Trump, lwashintsha yonke into.
Ngakho-ke, isifundo sesithathu singaba ukuthi kubalulekile ukugcina inhlansi yenguquko iphila noma isencane. Abanye babasunguli be-UAWD babeyingxenye ye-Autoworker Caravan, iqembu elasungulwa ngo-2008 ukuze liphendule ngokuqothuka kweChrysler. Ikharavani ayizange ibe nkulu - ngezinye izikhathi iheha abantu abaningi asebethathe umhlalaphansi kunamalungu asebenzayo - kodwa yayihlaziya izinkontileka, inyakaze ukuze izivotele phansi, futhi isabalalise ulwazi. Abanye babaholi bayo babeyingxenye yamaqembu ezenhlalo โaphendukela emboniniโ ngeminyaka yawo-1970. Futhi i-Caravan yona ihlanganise omakadebona be- I-New Directions Movement yama-1980s, eyayinabasebenzi basefekthri (ikakhulukazi eMissouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, naseTexas) kodwa yagcina ishaywe phansi yi-Administration Caucus. Abanye abaholi be-UAWD namuhla babuyela emuva kuze kufike Eziqondisweni Ezintsha. Ipolitiki yokuguqulwa kwezinyunyana yagcinwa iphila ngisho nalapho amathemba ayefiphele.
Manje i-UAWD isisiza abasebenzi ukuthi bathuthuke babe abahleli. Ibabonisile ukuthi bangafona kanjani imihlangano yemizuzu eyishumi ezitshalweni zabo nendlela yokuhlela ukuzijwayeza pickets, izindiza zezindiza, kanye ukwenqaba isikhathi esengeziwe. Abaholi bazi kahle kamhlophe ukuthi phezu kokunqoba okumangalisayo kokunqoba esicongweni, umsebenzi wabo wokuguqula inyunyana usaqala. Singafunda ku-UAWD ukuthi singasibamba kanjani leso sikhathi. Amakhokhasi ezinguquko ayingxenye ebalulekile yesu labasebenzi eliphumelelayo.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela