Kulokho uhulumeni waseVenezuela akuchaze ngokuthi "umthetho wokuqala wenguquko yesocialism," uMongameli Hugo Chavez usayine umthetho omusha ophelele wezabasebenzi. Amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu baseVenezuela bamasha emigwaqweni yaseCaracas ngoMeyi 1, Usuku Lwamazwe Ngamazwe Lwabasebenzi, bekhumbula ukusayinwa kwedokhumenti eyingqophamlando.
"Ukunqoba kwabantu, kwabasebenzi, akukaze kwenzeke ngaphandle kwenqubo ende yokumelana, umzabalazo, ukuhlupheka ngisho. Lo mthetho, engizoba nelungelo lokuwusayina ... uwumphumela wenqubo ende yomzabalazo, " kusho uMongameli Chavez.
Lo mthetho unciphisa isonto lomsebenzi libe ngamahora angama-40 futhi uhlose ukuqeda abasebenzi abangaphansi kwenkontileka yangasese ezweni, umbuso awubheka njengomkhuba wokuxhaphaza kanye nensalela yezinqubomgomo ze-neoliberal zeminyaka yawo-1990.
Izinhlangano ezilwela amalungelo abantu besifazane zincome lo mthetho njengegxathu elikhulu ekubhekeni ukulingana ngokobulili emsebenzini ngokwenyusa ikhefu lokubeletha lisuka emasontweni ayi-12 liye kwangama-25 kanye nokuvikela abazali abasha ekuxoshweni kuze kube yiminyaka emibili ingane izelwe.
Okunye kokunqoba okukhulu okukhulunywe ngakho ngamaqoqo abasebenzi ukubuyiselwa kwamalungelo abasebenzi athize ahlakazwa abaphathi be-Rafael Caldera ngaphansi kwengcindezi ye-International Monetary Fund kanye nezintshisekelo zebhizinisi ngo-1997.
Kanye nokusungulwa kabusha kwebhonasi yomhlalaphansi - iholo lokugcina lanyanga zonke liphindwe ngeminyaka yokusebenza kwabo - umthetho omusha udinga ukuthi abaqashi banxephezele abasebenzi abaxoshwe ngokungafanele, ngenani eliphindwe kabili ibhonasi yabo yomhlalaphansi.
Kuzosungulwa isikhungo sikahulumeni esizoqapha ukuthi abaqashi bayawuthobela yini lo mthetho omusha, ozoqala ukusebenza ezinyangeni eziyi-12. Abasebenzi sebezokwazi ukukhetha ukuthi imali yabo yomhlalaphansi icutshungulwe ebhange elizimele, ebhange likahulumeni, noma esikhwameni esisha sikahulumeni somhlalaphansi sikazwelonke.
Ngasekuqaleni konyaka, uChavez umemezele ukuthi uzoyinyusa ngamaphesenti angama-32.5 iholo eliphansi lanyanga zonke, okuzokwenziwa ngezigaba ezimbili. Isigaba sokuqala siqale ukusebenza ngoMeyi 1 ngokunyuka kusuka ku-1,548 bolivares ($ 360) kuya ku-1,780 bolivares ($ 413.90). NgoSepthemba, izokwenyuka amanye amaphesenti angu-15 kuya ku-2,047 bolivares ($476).
Ungqongqoshe Wezangaphandle uNicolas Maduro ubize umthetho wezabasebenzi “njengethuluzi lokwakha isigaba esiphezulu sesocialism,” futhi wawuqhathanisa nemithetho emelene nabasebenzi eshaywayo eSpain lapho ingxenye yesine yemakethe yezabasebenzi ingasebenzi.
Abenzi bomthetho baseVenezuela baqala ukuxoxa ngezinguquko kwezemisebenzi cishe eminyakeni eyisishiyagalolunye edlule, kodwa kwaze kwagqama lapho uChavez ethembisa ukululungisa lolu daba ngoNovemba odlule ngemva kokuthola izingcingo ezivela emaqenjini abasebenzi ukuba "aguqule" imithetho yamanje yezabasebenzi.
"Siqinisekisa kabusha ukuzimisela kwethu ... siqhubekele phambili ebudlelwaneni bobunxiwankulu bokukhiqiza, obugxeka abasebenzi ekuxhashazweni, ukuya ebudlelwaneni bezenhlalakahle bokukhiqiza, obusivumela ukuthi sakhe uhlelo olusha lomsebenzi ngenkululeko, ubumbano nokubamba iqhaza, ngaphandle kokungabaza. ukuxhashazwa," kusho uPedro Eusse, unobhala-jikelele weQembu LamaKhomanisi laseVenezuela.
Uhulumeni wasebenzisa izikhungo ezisemazingeni aphansi ezasungulwa ngabaphathi bakwaChavez kule minyaka eyishumi edlule ukuqoqa imibono evela enhlanganweni enkulu yomphakathi. Phakathi nenqubo yezinyanga ezinhlanu yokubonisana nemikhandlu yomphakathi, izinyunyana zabasebenzi, namaqembu ezombusazwe, uhulumeni uthole iziphakamiso ezingu-19,000 90, ezingamaphesenti angu-XNUMX zazo zivela kubasebenzi ngokwabo.
Ngokusho kwe-International Consulting Services, isikhungo sokuvota samazwe ngamazwe, abantu baseVenezuela abangaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-80 banombono omuhle ngomthetho, uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angu-13 abangawuboni. Lo mthetho omusha uthatha indawo yomthetho wokuqala wezabasebenzi owashaywa ngo-1936 phakathi kwabasebenzi nezinkampani zakwamanye amazwe, isigameko esasusa inhlangano yabasebenzi ezweni.
Ezinye izinhlangano zikugcizelele ukuthi umzabalazo usaqhubeka zacela abantu ukuthi baqhubeke nokulwa. Imibuzo isasele mayelana neqhaza lemboni engakahleleki, ukuqiniswa kwemikhandlu yabasebenzi bezenhlalakahle, kanye nokudluliselwa kwezinqumo zokuphatha nokukhiqiza kubasebenzi.
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Nikela