Umthombo: Isikhungo Socwaningo Lwezomnotho Nenqubomgomo
Abantu abasezingxoxweni zenqubomgomo akufanele bangabaze ukufiseleka kobunikazi belungelo lobunikazi njengendlela yokuxhasa ngezimali ukwakhiwa kwemithi emisha nemigomo. Phela kungani ubuza umbuzo ongabeka engcupheni inzuzo yezinkampani ezinkulu emhlabeni? Kepha, njengoba ngihlala e-Southern Utah, kude nezikhungo ezinkulu zenkulumompikiswano yenqubomgomo, ngicabange ukuthi ngizobuza lo mbuzo ngibhekise emithini yokugomela i-Covid.
Ukucacisa, ake sithi esikhundleni sokufaka imali ezinkampanini zemithi ukuze zixhase uhlelo oluxhaswe ngezimali zelungelo lobunikazi, esikhundleni salokho sisebenzisa le mali, futhi sengeze okwengeziwe kuyo, ngenjongo yokuxhasa ngokugcwele ukuthuthukiswa kwemithi yokugoma. Umbandela wokwamukela uxhaso wukuthi wonke umsebenzi uzovuleleka ngokugcwele.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi konke okutholakele kuzofakwa kuwebhu, ukuze abacwaningi emhlabeni wonke bakhe phezu kwakho. Kusho futhi ukuthi noma yimaphi amalungelo obunikazi azoba sesizinda somphakathi ukuze noma yibaphi abakhiqizi, noma kuphi emhlabeni, bakwazi ukukhiqiza imithi yokugoma eyenziwe ngalolu hlelo, uma benolwazi oludingekayo. Isidingo sokuvuleleka sizosebenza nasemiphumeleni yokuhlolwa komtholampilo, ngakho-ke kuzokwenzeka ukuthi abacwaningi bazi ukuthi imiphi imithi yokugoma esebenza kakhulu emaqenjini athile ezibalo zabantu nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zegciwane.
Lolu hlelo lungadinga uhlobo oluthile lwesivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe mayelana nokwabelana ngezindleko zocwaningo. Yize izivumelwano zingathatha isikhathi ukusebenza, ukuthola izinombolo ngendlela efanele bekungafanele kube yisithiyo. Esimweni sobhubhane lomhlaba wonke olubiza izigidi zezimpilo kanye nezigidigidi zamadola okukhipha okulahlekile, akuyona into enkulu uma i-United States noma iChina ikhokha amaphesenti angama-25 kakhulu noma kancane kakhulu. Inkambo elula kungaba ukuvumelana nezinombolo ezinzima ngokuzibophezela ekuhloleni kabusha udaba phansi komgwaqo.
Enye indlela yomthombo ovulekile
Esephakamise umqondo we evulekile umthombo ucwaningo ezimweni ezehlukene phakathi nonyaka odlule noma ngaphezulu, ngiyabona ukuthi abantu abaningi abawazi lo mqondo. Umbono oyisisekelo ukuthi ucwaningo luvuleke ngokugcwele, futhi lufakwe kuwebhu ngokushesha nje lapho lusebenza, ukuze noma yimuphi umcwaningi emhlabeni akwazi ukulufunda futhi akhe phezu kwalo.
Ngike ngaba nabantu abangibuza ukuthi kungani noma ubani engenza ucwaningo uma kufanele abelane ngemiphumela ngokushesha, kunokuba aqinisekise ilungelo lobunikazi. Impendulo ithi bayakhokhelwa ngakho. Lokhu empeleni yisizathu sokuthi iningi labacwaningi lenza umsebenzi walo manje. Kusosayensi ojwayelekile kwaModerna, Pfizer, noma i-Merck akusho lutho ukuthi lezi zinkampani zenza imali yazo ngobunikazi belungelo lobunikazi elilodwa noma ngenkontileka kahulumeni. Bathola iholo njalo ngenyanga noma kanjani. (Ngiyabona ukuthi ososayensi abaningi bangase bakhathazeke ngokulawula ubhubhane nokusindisa izimpilo, kodwa angilindele ukuthi leso sisusa sibe esikhundleni semali ekhokhwayo.)
Uma uhulumeni ekhokhela ucwaningo, angabeka umbandela wokuthi yonke into kumele ivuleleke. Uma inkampani ingasithandi isivumelwano, asikho isidingo sokuthi iyithathe. Lokho kulula kakhulu.
Lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu ngesivuno samanje semithi yokugoma esetshenziswayo, ikakhulukazi imigomo ye-mRNA. Ngaphezu kokuthi usevele ukhokhele ucwaningo oluningi oluyisisekelo olwakha ubuchwepheshe be-mRNA nge-NIH, uhulumeni ubuye wakhokhela izindleko zokuthuthukisa kanye nokuhlola umuthi wokugoma weModerna.
Abantu abaningi baveze ukuthi uModerna utshale imali yakhe ekwakheni inkundla ebavumela ukuthi bakwazi ukuphenduka ngokushesha futhi baklame umuthi wokugomela i-coronavirus. Kukhona iqiniso kulokhu. Ngokungangabazeki uhulumeni bekuzodingeka enze inkokhelo eyengeziwe kwaModerna, kanye nezinye izinkampani zemithi ukuze zenze lonke ulwazi mayelana nemigomo yazo, kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza, ibe sesidlangalaleni ngokugcwele.[1]
Kungadingeka ukuhlaziya okujulile ukuze uthole isilinganiso esihle senkokhelo efanelekile, kodwa ukubeka isiphetho esibi kulokho ebesizokubheka, esimweni seModerna, cishe kuzoba ngaphansi kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili, futhi okungenzeka kube ngaphansi kakhulu. nabanye abakhiqizi abasebenza ngezinqubo zamanoveli amancane. (Umuthi wokugoma i-Oxford-Astra Zeneca wasungulwa cishe ngokuphelele ngemali yomphakathi, ngakho bekungafanele kube nesidingo sanoma yiziphi izinkokhelo ezinkulu ukuze kube yindawo evulekile ngokugcwele.)
Mayelana nenani lama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili lokuthenga amalungelo aphelele obuchwepheshe beModerna obuvula umthombo, bekune- izimali zemakethe cishe amabhiliyoni angama- $ 9 ngaphambi kwalolu bhubhane. Ukukhokhela inkampani amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili ngobuchwepheshe obuhlobene ngokuqondile nokukhiqiza umuthi wokugomela i-coronavirus kungasho ukubanikeza cishe amaphesenti angama-2 yenani lenkampani kulo mkhakha othile womsebenzi. (Okunye, singabona ngeso lengqondo ukukhokha amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalolunye ukuthenga inkampani, bese sithengisa izingxenye ezingahlobene ngokuqondile nokukhiqiza umuthi wokugomela i-coronavirus.)
Ukube uModerna ubemanqikanqika ukuthengisa amalungelo akhe ngama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili (noma isamba esithile esiqhathanisekayo) uhulumeni angazama ukuzulazula enkampanini futhi akhokhele abacwaningi bayo abaphezulu nonjiniyela izizumbulu zemali (isb. $2 million ngenyanga) ukuze babelane ngolwazi lwabo nomhlaba. . Uhulumeni kuzofanele futhi avume ukukhokhela zonke izindleko zomthetho kanye nokunxeshezelwa okungabangelwa yinoma yimaphi amacala alandelayo kaModerna.
Kuyafaneleka ukuqaphela umqondo womthombo ovulekile, ongenza ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili uzwakale uphana kakhulu. Ake sithi abanye abakhiqizi kodwa hhayi iModerna, bavumile ukuthenga ngaphandle kwamalungelo futhi benze umsebenzi wesikhathi esizayo njengomthombo ovulekile. Lokhu kungasho kuqala, ukuthi iModerna izodinga ukuza nezigidigidi zamarandi uhulumeni wobumbano azikhokhele ukukhokhela izindleko zakhe zentuthuko kanye nokuhlolwa komtholampilo kweSigaba 2.
Okubaluleke nakakhulu, iModerna yayizokwazi ukuthi lapho nje umuthi wokugoma usudlule ohlelweni lokuhlola nokugunyazwa, uzobe uqhudelana neminye imithi yokugoma, engase isebenze kahle, futhi idayise njengamajenerikhi ashibhile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzoba nesikhathi esinzima kakhulu sokuthola okokufaka okudingekayo, ngoba uhulumeni wobumbano uzobe esebenzisa i-Defence Production Act ukuze aqondise yonke into edingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe imigomo ethuthukiswe izinkampani ezivumile ukuvula umthombo womsebenzi wazo. .
Futhi, uhulumeni angaphonsa inkawu enkulu ezinhlelweni zikaModerna ngokufuna imigomo eqinile ukuze kusetshenziswe inkawu. I-NIH patent lokho kubalulekile emgomeni. Amalungelo kahulumeni kuleli lungelo lobunikazi angaqinisekisa ukuthi iModerna ngeke yenze inzuzo enkulu ngokwenqaba ukuvuma.
Abantu abaningi baphikise ngokuthi lezi zinhlobo zamagama zingacekela phansi izinkampani zezidakamizwa ukuthi zenze imithi yokugoma esikhathini esizayo. Lokhu okushiwo kunzima ukukuqonda.[2] Cishe izinkampani zezidakamizwa zifaka imali ngokuqonda kokubili ubungozi bokwehluleka kanye nezinzuzo ezilindelekile. Akekho ophakamisa isimo lapho izinkampani zezidakamizwa zingeke zenze inzuzo ngokuthuthukiswa kwemithi yokugomela i-Covid. Inkinga nje ukuthi bazothola i-super-bonanza ngokwenza umuthi wokugomela ubhubhane. Le ndlela isusa i-super-bonanza.
Ngakho-ke, uma sicabanga ngohlaka lwezinxephezelo oluya phambili, uma ohulumeni besanda kunikeza ukugunyazwa kwamalungelo obunikazi, okuhlanganisa nocwaningo ababelukhokhele, izinkampani zezidakamizwa zingahlanganisa ekuhleleni kwazo ukuthi mhlawumbe kukhona oyedwa kwabangamashumi amahlanu noma oyedwa kwabayikhulu. ithuba lokuthi kuzoba nobhubhane ngesikhathi esifanele sokutshala kwabo imali. Uma siphishekela indlela yokuphoqelela ukuthuthukiswa kwemithombo evulekile, khona-ke izinkampani zezidakamizwa ngeke zifake amathuba aphansi webonanza eliwubhubhane ekuhleleni kwazo. Kufanele sikwazi ukuphila nalokho.
Umthelela Ekukhiqizeni
Kungaba nzima ukunquma ukuthi kungakanani ukukhiqizwa komuthi wokugoma obekungakhuphuka ukube besihambe indlela yocwaningo lwemithombo evulekile kanye nokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi izinzuzo beziyoba zikhulu. Okokuqala nokubalulekile, ukwabelana kobuchwepheshe bekuyovumela ukuba wenziwe kabusha kabanzi. Uma lonke ulwazi oludingekayo ukukhiqiza imithi yokugoma i-Pfizer, i-AstraZeneca, noma i-Sinopharm ibithunyelwe kuwebhu, khona-ke noma iyiphi inkampani noma kuphi emhlabeni enolwazi ekukhiqizeni imigomo noma izinto ezihlobene nayo ingaqala ukuguqula noma ukwakha ifekthri.
I-BioNTech, umlingani kaPfizer waseJalimane, uthenge isitshalo saseNovartis maphakathi noSepthemba ka-2020. Saguqula lesi sitshalo ukuthi sikhiqize imigomo yaso ye-mRNA. Manje ulindele ukuze ikwazi ukukhiqiza imithamo eyizigidi ezingama-250 engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2021, futhi ibe nezinga lokukhiqiza lonyaka lezigidi ezingama-750 ngonyaka. Lokhu kukhombisa izinga elisheshayo lokuphenduka. Isitshalo saseNovartis besivele siyisikhungo sokukhiqiza esisezingeni eliphezulu, ngakho-ke lokhu konga isikhathi esithile, kepha kunezinye izikhungo ezisezingeni eliphezulu emhlabeni wonke ezingasetshenziswa manje ukukhiqiza imigomo ye-Covid.
Ukube bekunokuzinikela okucacile kwamazwe ngamazwe ekukhiqizeni imithi yokugoma, ngisho nobungozi bokuthi eminye ingase ibonakale ingasebenzi noma ingadingeki, lolu hlobo lokuguqulwa lwalungenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu nakwezinye izikhungo kanyekanye. Kungaba ingozi enkulu ngenkampani eyodwa ukusebenzisa amakhulu ezigidi zamaRandi ukuguqula imboni ukuthi ikhiqize umuthi wokugoma ongase ungasetshenziswa ekugcineni. Kodwa-ke, lobu bungozi buncane kuhulumeni osebenzisa izigidigidi zamaRandi ukuze agcine abantu bakhe ngalesi sifo. Eqinisweni, ukuthengwa nokuguqulwa kwesitshalo saseNovartis empeleni kwaxhaswa uhulumeni waseJalimane.
Futhi, ngenkathi imigomo ye-mRNA ibonakale iphumelela kakhulu ekumiseni ukusabalala, kuneminye imigomo eminingana egunyazwe yizinhlaka ezahlukene zokulawula zikahulumeni. Le eminye imithi yokugoma isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukene, okufanele kusho ukuthi izinsiza eziningi zingasetshenziswa futhi ngeke ziqhudelane ngamagalelo. Noma izinga layo lokusebenza liphansi, imigomo esebenza ngamaphesenti angama-70 kuye kwangama-90 isazobambezela ukusabalala. Futhi, le mithi yokugoma inezinzuzo ngaphezu kwemithi yokugoma ye-mRNA ngoba akudingekile ukuthi iqandiswe, futhi, esimweni somuthi wokugoma u-Johnson no-Johnson, idinga isibhamu esisodwa kuphela.
Ukube besihambe lo mzila wokuzibophezela kukahulumeni wamazwe ngamazwe ngokugcwele, ngabe futhi sithathe isinyathelo sokususa izingqinamba ekukhiqizeni. Njengoba imboni isike yasho kaningi, izinto eziningi ezifakwa emithini yokugoma ziyashoda. NgokukaThomas Cueni, umqondisi-jikelele we-International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations, kukhona ukushoda okukhulu kwezinto ezinjengemijovo nezitsha okuvimbela umzamo wokugoma umhlaba. (Lokhu kugomela kungatholakala ku-21.10 laphaNakuba ngisho nemizamo edidiyelwe engcono kakhulu ingase ingakwazi ukususa zonke izingqinamba, ngokuqinisekile besingakwazi ukukhiqiza imijovo eyanele nezitsha unyaka owodwa kulo bhubhane.
Olunye uhlangothi lwalolu hlobo lokuzibophezela kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuhlinzeka ngezinsiza ezivulekile ukuthi cishe ngabe sithuthukise amasu amasha ohlelweni lokukhiqiza. I-Pfizer kubika ngoFebhuwari lapho onjiniyela bayo sebethole indlela yokushintsha inqubo yabo yokukhiqiza ukuze banciphise isikhathi esidingekayo cishe phakathi nesigamu. Baphinde bathola ukuthi kwakungadingekile ukufriza kakhulu umgomo ku-minus 94 degrees Fahrenheit. Kunalokho ingagcinwa efrijini elivamile kuze kube amasonto amabili, okwenza kube lula kakhulu inqubo yokusabalalisa.
Ukube ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza be-Pfizer bebuvuleleke ekuqaleni kuka-2020, kubonakala kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi akekho unjiniyela emhlabeni obengathola indlela yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle ngaphambi kukaFebhuwari ka-2021. Kungenzeka ukuthi zikhona ezinye izindlela zokwenza ubuchwepheshe bayo busebenze kahle, okuyinto onjiniyela bayo abakatholakali. Kungaba nendaba efanayo nakwabanye abakhiqizi bomuthi wokugoma. Futhi, ukube i-Pfizer ibivule imithombo yobuchwepheshe bayo, bekungamangaza uma othile endaweni ethile engatholanga ukuthi bekungadingeki ukuthi umuthi wokugoma ube yiqhwa kakhulu ngaphambi kukaMashi walo nyaka. Eqinisweni, inkampani ayizange ibone nokuthi izitsha zayo ziqukethe izinto ezanele zokudutshulwa okuyisithupha kunezinhlanu (ukwanda ngamaphesenti angu-20), isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga egcwele ngemva kokuba zisatshalaliswa kabanzi.
Izinzuzo Ezimpilweni Nasemalini
Ngokusobala bekukhona, futhi ngokungangabazeki kusekhona, izinzuzo ezinkulu ezingaba khona ekutholeni imithombo evulekile yobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa ukukhiqiza imigomo ye-Covid nezinto ezibalulekile, kanye nokwenza inqubo yokukhiqiza ibe ngamazwe ngamazwe. Ukube lokhu kwenziwa ngesikhathi ubhubhane luqala ukubonwa, ngabe sandise kakhulu ijubane lokuphuma komgomo futhi silawule ubhubhane ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma kubhekwa amathuba okuguqula kanye nokwakha izikhungo ezengeziwe, kanye nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwezikhungo ezikhona, singacabanga ukuthi sizoba nenani eliphindwe kabili noma kathathu lemithi yokugoma njengoba senza namuhla. Lokhu bekungaba nomthelela omkhulu ezimpilweni nasemnothweni.
Ukuthola umbono wokuthi ukuphindwa kabili kwemithi yokugoma etholakalayo kungenzeka kube nomthelela omubi kanjani kulo bhubhane, kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi igagasi elibi kakhulu eYurophu nase-United States lalishaya ngoJanuwari nangoFebhuwari, njengoba nje imigomo yayisiqala ukusatshalaliswa. NgoJanuwari 15th, Amaphesenti angama-3.2 abantu e-United States, noma abantu abayizigidi ezingu-10.5 babethole okungenani isibhamu esisodwa. Lesi kwakuyisikhathi lapho inani labantu abangenwe yileli gciwane lalingaphezu kuka-230,000 ngosuku kanti ukufa kwakungaphezu kuka-3,400 ngosuku.
Ukube besinemithi yokugoma etholakala kabili kabili, futhi sinesistimu yokulethwa enekhono (lokhu bekusesikhathini sobumongameli bakaTrump), ngabe sigonywe abantu abayizigidi ezingama-21 ngaleso sikhathi. Lokhu bekuzobandakanya bonke abasebenzi bethu bezempilo kanye nenqwaba yabantu bethu abadala nabasengozini enkulu. Yebo, abaningi balaba bantu bebezodutshulwa kanye kuphela, okusho ukuthi abawutholi ngokugcwele umgomo, kodwa isibalo sabantu abagula kakhulu futhi bafe besizoncipha kakhulu.
NgoMashi 1 besesigome abantu abangamaphesenti ayi-15.2 noma abantu abayizigidi ezingama-50.2. Ukube besinesibalo esiphindwe kabili semithi yokugoma etholakalayo, besiyogoma amaphesenti angama-30.4 abantu, noma abantu abayizigidi eziyi-100.4. Kuleli qophelo sizoba nemithi yokugoma eyanele ukumboza ngokugcwele abantu abadala kanye nabanye abasengozini. Besisabona cishe amacala angama-70,000 ngosuku ngaleso sikhathi nokufa kwabantu abangama-2,000. Ngaleli zinga eliphakeme lokugoma, iphuzu elifike ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, inani lezifo nokufa lizobe liphansi ngokulinganayo. Ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, isibalo sezifo sase singaphezudlwana kuka-60,000 ngosuku kanti isibalo sokufa sehle saba ngaphansi kwenkulungwane ngosuku.
Ukube besigcina ukuphindeka kabili kwezinga lethu langempela, ekupheleni kukaMashi, cishe amaphesenti angama-60 abantu, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-195, ngabe sebegonyiwe. (Ngomhla zingama-22 kuNhlaba, sikumaphesenti angama-48.6.) Kuleli qophelo, ukwanda kokugoma kuwumbuzo wokunxenxa abantu abamelana nomgomo ukuthi bathole isibhamu, akuyona indaba yokuhlinzeka. Nakuba kuzodingeka ukuthi kugcinwe isitokwe, ukukhiqizwa okwengeziwe kungase kunikezwe amanye amazwe. Singaphinde sicabange ukuthi umnotho ngabe usuvulwe kabusha ekuqaleni kwenyanga edlule.
Kunendaba efanayo eYurophu, nayo eyabona ukutheleleka kwayo kwanda ngoJanuwari nangoFebhuwari. Maphakathi noJanuwari, iFrance yayibona izehlakalo eziyi-17,000 ngosuku, kwathi cishe abantu abangama-400 bafa, i-Italy yaba namacala ayi-16,000 nokufa kwabantu abacishe babe ngama-500, kanti i-UK ingaphezu kwamacala angama-50,000 nokufa kwabantu abacishe babe yi-1,100. Isabelo senani labantu elagonywa kusukela ngoJanuwari 15th eFrance, e-Italy, nase-UK kwakungamaphesenti angu-0.6, amaphesenti angu-1.9, namaphesenti angu-5.3, ngokulandelana. Ukuphinda kabili la manani kusazovumela ingxenye encane yabantu abasengozini enkulu ukuthi igonywe eFrance nase-Italy. E-UK, ingxenye engamaphesenti ayi-10.6 izokhokhela kakhulu abasebenzi bayo bezempilo kanye nabantu abadala.
NgoMashi 1, lawa maphesenti akhuphuke afinyelela kumaphesenti angama-4.6 eFrance, amaphesenti angama-5.1 e-Italy, namaphesenti angama-30.2 e-UK. Ukuphinda lezi zibalo kuzohlanganisa kakhulu abasebenzi bezempilo kanye nabantu abadala eFrance nase-Italy, futhi kungasho ukuthi cishe noma ngubani ofuna ukudutshulwa e-UK wayenakho.
Amazwe athinteke kakhulu emhlabeni osathuthuka, i-India neBrazil, abengazuza kakhulu ekukhishweni kwemithi yokugoma ngokushesha. I-India ifinyelele izinga eliphezulu lokutheleleka kwabantu abangaphansi kuka-400,000 ngosuku cishe ngoMeyi 10th. Ukufa kwayo okubikiwe kungaphezu kuka-4,000 ngosuku. (Lezi zibalo cishe zingaphansi kakhulu, njengoba ukuhlolwa kulinganiselwe futhi ukufa okuningi kwe-Covid akubikwa.)
NgoMeyi 1, amaphesenti angama-9.2 abantu bakhona agonyiwe. Ukube beliphinde kabili lesi sibalo, amaphesenti ayi-18.4 abantu bebezogonywa, okuyisabelo ebesizoba sikhulu ngokwanele ukwehlisa ukusabalala nokuvikela izingxenye zabantu ezisengozini kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba amazwe anjenge-US ne-UK abenesidingo esikhulu kakhulu ngasekupheleni kukaMashi, imithi yokugoma ibingase inikezwe kabusha, engcupheni engekho, ukusiza i-India ukubhekana nalolu bhubhane.
IBrazil yabona inani eliphakeme lezifo nokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukutheleleka kwayo kwanda ngaphezu kwama-75,000 ngosuku maphakathi no-Mashi, nokufa kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-3,000 ngosuku ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. (Kukhona futhi ukubika okuncane kakhulu eBrazil.) Izinga lokugoma lalingu-4.5% ngoMashi 16.th. Ukuphinda kabili ukuya kumaphesenti angama-9.0 bekuzovumela izwe ukuthi likwazi ukubhekelela abasebenzi balo bezempilo kanye nenani labantu abasengozini enkulu. Njengase-India, iBrazil ibingazuza emithini yokugoma isuswa kabusha e-US, UK nakwamanye amazwe abesanelisa isidingo ekupheleni kwenyanga.
Kungajabulisa ukubona isibalo esicophelela kakhulu ekuncishisweni kwezifo nokufa obekungaba umphumela wokuphindaphindeka kwezinga lokukhiqizwa kwemithi yokugoma, kodwa ngokusobala bekungaba kukhulu. Lokhu kwenzeka ngaphandle kokucabangela imibuzo yokwabiwa kabusha phakathi kwamazwe, njengoba kufanele abasebenzi bezokunakekelwa kwempilo kanye nabantu abadala emazweni asathuthuka bagonywe ngaphambi kwabantu abasha abanempilo e-United States naseYurophu.
Kuphinde kube nombuzo ohamba phambili wengozi yokwakhiwa kohlobo olumelana nomgomo. Nakuba kungase kungabi lula ukuthola isilinganiso esihle samathuba okuthi uhlobo olumelana nomgomo luthuthuke ezinyangeni neminyaka ezayo, izindleko ngokusobala ziyinhlekelele. Ngisho noma imithi yokugoma ekhona ingalungiswa ukuze isebenze ngokumelene nohlobo olusha, sizobona izinyanga eziningi zokutheleleka, ukufa, nokuvalwa, kuze kube yilapho umgomo omusha ungahlolwa futhi ukhiqizwe futhi usatshalaliswe ngenani elanele ukuze kuvikelwe ingxenye enkulu yomuthi wokugoma. inani labantu. Amazwe aphumelele kakhulu ekugomeni abantu bawo kufanele azimisele ukukhokha inani elikhulu ukuze agweme le ngozi.
Izinzuzo Ezinkulu Zokunqoba I-Inertia
Noma ubani oke wachitha noma nini ezingxoxweni zenqubomgomo yaseWashington uyazi ukuthi inertia ingamandla amangalisayo. Izinqubomgomo ezimbi ngempela zingaphila amashumi eminyaka ngenxa nje yokuthi kulula kakhulu ukushiya izinto njengoba zinjalo kunokuzishintsha.
Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngokusobala ohlelweni lwethu lokuxhaswa ngezimali kwelungelo lobunikazi kwezidakamizwa nemigomo yokugoma. Lo bhubhane uyisimo esiphuthumayo esiphelele obekumele sisenze senze konke okusemandleni ukunqanda ukusabalala kwalo ngokushesha okukhulu, sixhumane ngangokunokwenzeka namanye amazwe (ngisho neRussia neChina) emzamweni wangempela wamazwe omhlaba.
Ngeshwa, lokho bekungeyona i-ajenda yokuphatha kukaTrump. Umphumela waba izifo eziningi ezingenasidingo nokufa, kanye nokumoshakala okukhulu kwezomnotho. Nakuba sisekude nomgwaqo manje, sisengazuza ngokuthatha indlela yokuvuleleka nokubambisana.
U-Dean Baker wasungula i-CEPR ngo-1999. Izindawo zakhe zocwaningo zihlanganisa izindlu kanye nezomnotho omkhulu, impahla yengqondo, Ukuvikeleka Komphakathi, I-Medicare kanye nezimakethe zezabasebenzi zaseYurophu. Ungumbhali wezincwadi eziningana, kuhlanganise I-Rigged: Ukuhwebelana Kwembulunga yonke kanye Nemithetho Yomnotho Wesimanje Kwahlelwa Kanjani Ukuze Kucebe Kakhulu. Ibhulogi yakhe, "Shaya Cindezela,โ inikeza ukuphawula ngokubika kwezomnotho. Uthole i-BA yakhe e-Swarthmore College kanye ne-Ph.D yakhe. kwi-Economics evela eNyuvesi yaseMichigan.
[1] Lokhu kungaba njalo nangabakhiqizi bokufakwa kwemithi yokugoma, abazoba nakho kokubili amalungelo obunikazi kanye nezimfihlo zezimboni ezihlobene nenqubo yabo yokukhiqiza. Uhulumeni kuzofanele athenge la malungelo ukuze awenze abe umthombo ovulekile ngokuphelele.
[2] Owami umbono uthi kufanele sisuke ekuxhaseni ngezimali ilungelo lobunikazi kuphela ukuze kuthuthukiswe imithi emisha nemigomo bese sishintshela kuxhaso lwemithombo evulekile eqondile (bona Iboshwe, isahluko 5 [kumahhala]), kodwa lokho akuhlangene nephuzu.
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