Ngonyaka odlule kuphela, ama-Olympics aseLondon ahlonishwa ngokuthi “umzuzu obalulekile” ekuqhamukeni kweBrithani enamasiko amaningi ngokuziqhenya. Leso simangalo sasihlale sikhushulwa kodwa sibukeka singenalutho, sizenza ngendlela eyingozi ngempela, uma kubhekwa intuthuko yakamuva: ukuqhubekela phambili okhethweni lwe-UKIP, ubungozi obuthuthukisiwe be-EDL kanye nokuhlasela kobulwane kwamaSulumane nama-mosque ngemuva kwemiphumela. Ukubulawa kuka-Lee Rigby.
Ukuvela kabusha kwesokudla, lapha naseYurophu yonkana, kubangela izinselelo zezinhlobo eziningi kwesokunxele. Kodwa noma ngabe yini enye esiyenzayo, kufanele sazi ukuthi ilungelo elikude liyaphumelela futhi liphinde liphoqelele isenzakalo esisabalele: ukucwasa ngokobuhlanga, ukucwasa ngokwezwe kanye nokucwaswa kwabokufika okuyingxenye nengxenye enkulu.
Ukucwasa ngokwebala kwabantu abaningi akunzima ukukuthola. Bheka nje amakhasi e-Mail noma e-Express (abakhululi abaphumelela kakhulu benkulumo-ze yokucwasa ngokwebala kunakwesokudla) noma kwezokuzijabulisa ezifana ne-Homeland noma i-Argo (lapho ngokuvumelana nezinkolelo-mbono ezimpunga izitha zamaSulumane zasentshonalanga zivezwa njengabangenakuthandeka, abangenangqondo ngonya. , futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukubala nokuphindaphinda). Bese ubheka ukuthi ukucwasa ngokwebala kukhonjiswe ukuthi kutheleleke kanjani cishe kuzo zonke izikhungo zethu ezinkulu zokuxhumana - kusukela ebholeni kuya emaphoyiseni nasemajele kuya e-Oxford naseCambridge.
Osopolitiki bawo womathathu amaqembu abalulekile bayangena kuwo. Lapha iqhinga liwukuba uthi usho into “engashiwo” kodwa ecatshangwa kabanzi. UJack Straw ku-niqab eminyakeni embalwa edlule wayeyisibonelo sakudala seqhinga. Manje sino-Ed Miliband ephikisa ngokuthi iLabour yehlulekile “ukulalela” “abantu” “ngokungena kwamanye amazwe” (womathathu amagama kufanele abekwe ezingcaphunoni ngoba awekho empeleni asho lokho okufanele akusho).
Njengamanje isikhungo sezombangazwe kuleli sibonakala sithatha umugqa wokuthi i-far-right izwakalisa uhlobo oluthile lwesikhalo esiqotho okufanele silalele sonke. Ngakho-ke umqondo ophambene wobandlululo unikezwa ukuba semthethweni futhi umlayezo wangempela welungelo elikude uhamba ngaphandle kokuphikiswa. Into esabisa kakhulu ngokusebenza kokhetho lwe-UKIP kwaba isivinini esenze ngaso ukuxegelwa amadolo kuCameron nabanye. Nakulokhu sesibonile ukuthi ingozi enkulu yesokudla yindlela abadonsela ngayo ipolitiki ebheke ngakubo.
Kunokuba ucindezelwe “ukulunga kwezepolitiki”, imicabango “engashiwo” mayelana nobuhlanga iwuhlobo lwemali oluvamile lwazo zonke izinhlobo zezingxoxo “ezihloniphekile,” okuhlanganisa nabezindaba kanye naphakathi kohlakaniphe. Akukho okushiwo yi-EDL okuphambene nemibono kaMartin Amis mayelana necala lamaSulumane. Futhi ubuhlongandlebe bukaTony Blair bokhuni babonakala ngokugcwele esimemezelweni sakhe sakamuva sokuthi ngandlela thize, lapho sekushiwo futhi kwenziwa konke, “i-Islam” iyona enecala ngempela.
Ngokuqondene ne-BBC, inhliziyo yokusungulwa "kwenkululeko", inikeze ukufaneleka kokubili kwe-UKIP kanye ne-EDL, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi isebenza njengomunye wabasakazi abakhulu bombono womhlaba othi "thina" ngokumelene "nabo". Ukuphathwa kwawo okujwayelekile kobuhlanga, ekhaya noma phesheya, kungenye lapho ukuphawula kohlanga olukhulu (i-Western liberal futhi empeleni “isiNgisi”) ibhekana nayo yonke into engaphandle kwenhloso yayo njengokuthi “Okunye”, njengazo zonke izinto “thina” akuzona: “izizwe”, “ezishisekayo”, “amahlelo”, okungaphezu kokuqonda nokuqonda. Ukuhlaziya okujwayelekile, okunenkululeko nokulandela imithetho, kugcwele leli phuzu elivamile, elinikeza Omunye uhlangothi olumnyama lomphakathi walo (inzondo, ubudlova, inkohlakalo).
Ukucwasa ngokwebala kuyathandeka, kuyaguquguquka, kugudluze lokho okuhlosiwe, izizathu zokukhononda. Umugqa ophakathi kokuthi “thina” kanye “nabo” uyadwetshwa bese udwetshwa kabusha. Kuleyo nqubo, "bona" kungukwakhiwa, i-phantom, i-projection, njengoba kuqashelwa kabanzi. Kodwa kuyafana nokuthi “thina”: “thina” okuyinhliziyo yobukhosi obumhlophe nobungasentshonalanga, elithi “thina” elibuye lisetshenziswe ngokunganaki, elivame ukucelwa kuwo wonke amazwi avamile.
Ukucwasa ngokwebala kwasekhaya kunomongo womhlaba. Empini yokwesaba amaSulumane (nabanye) baba abameleli besitha phesheya, abahlala phakathi kwethu kodwa bahlale besola. Ekwenzeni ukubulawa kwabantu ngama-drone kanye nokwenqatshwa kwesibopho sokufa nokucekelwa phansi kwabantu ngezinga elikhulu e-Iraq nakwezinye izindawo, izinga eliphindwe kabili lokuqaphela ukucwasa ngokwebala alinaphutha, njengoba kutholakala kalula njengoNdunankulu waseNdiya waseNarendra Modi. , sihlanganyele ngokujulile ku-Gujerat anti-Muslim pogrom yango-2002, kanye nasekucabangeni okuvamile kwamalungelo kithi esiphika abanye, okuhlanganisa ukuphatha nokusebenzisa izikhali ezibhubhisayo. Ikhona kukho konke ukusetshenziswa okungakahloliwe kwesabizwana esithi “thina” ezingxoxweni zokungenelela kwamanye amazwe.
Ngokuphambene nenganekwane yophiko lwesokudla, isikhathi esedlule sombuso waseBrithani sihamba kakhulu singahlolisiswanga futhi singaziwa, ngakho-ke imibono yayo ihlala isebenza ekwakheni imibono yethu yamanje. Sisaphila ezweni elibunjwe ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo nangokomcabango yinkathi yobukhosi ephakeme, lapho inani elincane lamazwe aseYurophu lalibusa ezomnotho nepolitiki yeningi lesintu. Lolu akulona uhlobo lwesiqephu olushiya noma yiliphi iqembu lingenasici. Ukucwasa kwabamhlophe, ukucwasa ngokwebala kanye nokucwasa abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe kuyingxenye yefa lethu lamasiko aseNtshonalanga njengalokho okubizwa ngokukhululekile ngokuthi “amagugu okukhanyiselwa”. Leli yifa okufanele lingafundiwe ngendlela ehlelekile.
Impendulo yobandlululo ekubulaweni kuka-Lee Rigby ayizange izenzekele noma “ingokwemvelo”. Ukucwasa ngokwebala akusona isilungiselelo esizenzakalelayo. Kuwumbono, ukwakhiwa, isakhiwo esinyakazayo senhlalakahle yengqondo, okumele badilizelwe ipulangwe ngepulangwe. Akusona isifo “eselapheka” esimweni ngasinye. Ukwelashwa kufanele kuhlanganiswe; okunye ukuhlukumezeka kokungqubuzana nokuphikisana okushintsha lokho abantu abanakho engqondweni lapho becabanga "thina".
Ukuphila ngaphansi konxiwankulu bomhlaba wonke obukhiqiza kabusha zonke izinhlobo zezigaba zenhlalakahle, ukuqaphela ukucwasa ngokwebala akukwazi ukuba ukuguqulwa okuhleliwe, okukanye empilweni yonke; wumzabalazo oqhubekayo, inqubo okumele ibhekwe ngokuqaphela. Akukho phuzu lokuphumula ngoba imibono esiphikisana nayo ayiphumuli.
Isibonelo salokho yindlela "i-multi-culturalism" eguqulelwe ngayo umfana oshaya ngesiswebhu, okumenyezelwe "ukwehluleka" nguMerkel, uCameron kanye nebutho lezazi. Akunjalo neze, kusolwa izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene ezingathandeki, kusukela "ekuzilungiseni" kwamantombazane ngamadoda "ase-Asia" kuya ekuzihlukaniseni kwabantu abambalwa. Eqinisweni, njengamanye ama-bugbears anobandlululo, "i-multi-culturalism" ikakhulukazi i-phantom. Inqwaba yezinqubomgomo ezelulwe ngaphansi kwaleyo rubrikhi kwakuyizimvume ezenziwa esikhathini esedlule ukuphendula ukugqugquzelwa kwemiphakathi yabamnyama neyase-Asia. Kwakukhona njalo ukuphikisa kusukela kwesokunxele kuya kuhlaka "lwamasiko amaningi", olwathatha abantu abambalwa njengemiphakathi ehlangene enobunikazi obunqunyiwe bamasiko.
Umkhankaso welungelo, nokho, awuphathelene nethiyori kodwa iqiniso le-multi-culturalism, okungukuthi, ukuba khona kwabantu ababonwa njengabangamasiko angaphandle. Imiphakathi yanamuhla yaseYurophu futhi izoqhubeka nokubalwa “ngamasiko” amaningi, empeleni, ingcebo yamasiko angaphansi noma aphikisanayo, agqagqene futhi ahlanganayo. Ukuphika noma ukukhala ngaleli qiniso kuwukuphika nokubalisa ukuba khona kwalabo ababonakala bengabamanye amasiko. Kulo mongo izimfuno "zokuhlanganiswa" ziyizidingo zokubambelela kunkambiso yamasiko ebekwe iqembu elibusayo. Kuyamangaza ukuthi abanye abaziqhayisa ngefa “Lokukhanyiselwa” babheka lokhu njengento ehlukile kunobushiqela.
Ngaphansi kokucatshangelwa kokuhlaselwa "kwe-relativism" ye-"multi-culturalism", okwenzekayo ukuqinisekiswa kabusha kohlobo oluvelele emlandweni lwe-ethical relativism, ukuphakama okucatshangwayo kwenkambiso yaseNtshonalanga. Uhlobo oluqine kakhulu nolunamandla “lwepolitiki yobunikazi” emphakathini wethu luhlala lulolo “lolwazi olumhlophe” noma “lwasentshonalanga”: okuvelele, okuyiningi elithanda ukuzicabangela njengedlanzana elisongelwayo, elivinjezelwe ezweni lalo.
Impendulo yeqiniso ngokuphambene nokushiyeka okucatshangelwayo kwe-multi-culturalism ayikona ukuguqulwa kwe-Eurocentrism noma i-mono-culture noma ukwakhiwa kokuhlanganiswa kwamasiko okusha, okuhlanganisa konke. Ilele emzabalazweni wepolitiki wokulingana (hhayi nje ukumelela) kanye nokwenza ubumbano olufinyelela ngale kwamasiko. Isitayela sama-Olympics "i-multi-culturalism" ayinamsebenzi. Okuwukuphela kwekhambi lesiko lokucwasa ngokwebala ukutshalwa kokumelana.
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Nikela