I-SAN FRANCISCO, CA - Esikhungweni somhlangano saseChicago esiwumhume weNavy Yard, izihambeli bezikleliswe kumakrofoni emine ehlakazeke phansi. U-Nancy Wohlforth wase-San Francisco wema ku-mic number 2. Ubeselinde lesi sikhathi iminyaka emibili.
Imakrofoni yaba bukhoma, wabe eseya phambili. UWohlforth ungowesifazane omncane, kodwa izwi lakhe lanqamula engxoxweni encane phansi, labenza bafa. Ngokushuba nolaka lukaMama uJones wekhulunyaka lamashumi amabili nanye, waqala ukunikeza izihambeli akanye nazo isilinganiso seqiniso eliqondile, elingaguquki.
"Esikuzwayo ngamanga nenkohliso yabaphathi bakaBush," esho, "okusibeka e-Iraq ngezaba ezingamanga, futhi kusigcina e-Iraq ngaphandle kwesizathu esihle ngaphandle kokucebisa abangane bakhe eHalliburton," izwi likhuphuka, wakhomba iqeqebana labasebenzi base-Iraq abaye baqunga isibindi umgwaqo omude, oyingozi osuka e-Baghdad ukuze baye emhlanganweni we-AFL-CIO.
โNgizokutshela ukuthi bafunani,โ eduma. "Bafuna ukuphela komsebenzi wase-US." Kwaduma ihlombe enkulumeni yakhe. "Bayayifuna manje, hhayi izolo." Ihlombe laqina. โNgoba inqobo nje uma sikhona, abasoze bafinyelela ukuzimela futhi bakhe umbuso wentando yeningi ngempela.โ
Wehlise nendlu.
U-Wohlforth, ubuso bakhe buphuka bube ngama-engeli acijile eduze kwamehlo acwazimulayo, ucezu lwe-San Francisco e-Washington, DC. Njengonobhala-nomgcinimafa we-Office and Professional Employees union, manje usengomunye wabaholi abasezikhundleni eziphezulu zezabasebenzi ezweni. Uhola i-Pride at Work, inhlangano kazwelonke yamalungu enyunyana yongqingili nabesifazane abathandanayo. Iminyaka emibili, yena neqembu lakhe elimelene nempi e-US Labour Against the War balwa impi ende eyagcina ibeke impi yase-Iraq esiteji embuthanweni we-AFL-CIO eChicago.
Kodwa njengoba nje inhlangano yezisebenzi yayithatha lesi sinyathelo esiyingqopha-mlando ekuphikisaneni nempi, yayidela nobunye bayo obishini lwezingxabano zangaphakathi. Ngosuku olwandulela inkulumo kaWohlforth, izinyunyana ezintathu zawushiya lo mfelandawonye, โโhhayi ngenxa yezombangazwe zamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa ngenxa yokungaboni ngaso linye mayelana nendlela yokusabela ekuwohlokeni kwamandla ezombusazwe nakwezomnotho wabasebenzi. Impi ingase ibonakale ikude kakhulu nalokhu okukhathazayo okwengeziwe, kodwa izishoshovu eziningi zezisebenzi, ezibuka igazi phansi ngemva kokuphela komhlangano, zaxhuma amachashazi. Baphetha ngokuthi, okudingwa ngabasebenzi wukuncipha koqhekeko lwangaphakathi, nesibindi kanye nombono wepolitiki.
Engxoxweni yangemva komhlangano nesishoshovu u-Alan Benjamin, uWohlforth walubiza ngokuthi โusuku olubi kakhulu enhlanganweni yabasebenzi.โ Ngokubona kwakhe, amalungu amaningi enyunyana awaqondi ukuthi kungani kufanele kwenzeke. โNgisho nami ngikuthola kunzima ukuqonda ukuthi kumayelana nani,โ esho, โfuthi ngibe semhlanganweni wezisebenzi isikhathi eside kakhulu.โ
Kusishoshovu sabasebenzi uBill Fletcher, ngenkathi inkulumo-mpikiswano idala ukungezwani okukhulu, ayizange ifinyelele inkinga eyisisekelo yezabasebenzi: โKufanele sikulungele ukukhuluma ngento ebesisaba ukuyisho ngokuzwakalayo โ ukuthi ubunxiwankulu buyingozi empilweni. yabasebenzi,โ esho engxoxweni. "Kukhona okungahambi kahle ngezinto eziza kuqala kulo mphakathi, futhi kufanele sibe nesibindi sokusho lokho."
Ekupheleni kwenkulumo-mpikiswano, i-AFL-CIO yaphasisa isinqumo, ibiza โukuhoxa ngokusheshaโ kwamasosha ase-US e-Iraq. Kubasebenzi bezinyunyana ezithuthukayo, kwakuyisikhathi esikhanyayo, kodwa esafika ngezikhathi zobumnyama. UTim Paulson waseSan Francisco waxhumanisa amachashazi kwezinye izihambeli phakathi kwempi kanye nezinkinga ezibhekene nabasebenzi eduze kwasekhaya. Ngokukanobhala womkhandlu wezabasebenzi wedolobha, โyonke le mali esetshenziselwa amabhomu nomsebenzi yayingasetshenziselwa ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, imisebenzi kanye nengqalasizinda. Yayingase isetshenziselwe izinto ezazisa amadoda nabesifazane abasebenzayo. Yilokho esikholelwa kukho.โ
Kuzwelonke, izinyunyana zibhekene nenkinga enkulu yokwehla kwezibalo. Ngemva nje kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, izinyunyana zazimele ama-2% abasebenzi base-US. Ngo-35, ngemva kweMpi YaseVietnam, yase yehle yafinyelela ku-1975%. Namuhla u-26% kuphela wabo bonke abasebenzi, no-12% ezinkampanini ezizimele, abangamalungu enyunyana. Bagxile kakhulu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ogwini ngalunye, kanye nebhande lezimboni langaphambili laseMidwest, okushiya abasebenzi ezingxenyeni ezinkulu zezwe bebodwa lapho besebenzelana nabaqashi babo.
Ukwehla kwezinombolo kuholela ekuwohlokeni kwamandla ezepolitiki kanye namandla ezomnotho. I-California (enengxenye eyodwa kwesithupha yamalungu e-AFL-CIO) kanye ne-New York inokuminyana kwenyunyana ephakeme kunanoma iyiphi enye. Kodwa nalapha, abasebenzi babhekene nempi engapheli noMbusi u-Arnold Schwarzenegger. Izinyathelo zokuvota okhethweni olukhethekile lombusi zisongela ukunciphisa kuze kuphuke amandla ezinyunyana zabasebenzi bakahulumeni ezinamandla zase-California ukuthi azibandakanye kunoma yisiphi isenzo sepolitiki esiphusile.
Ngakho-ke lesi kungase kungabi isikhathi esihle sokuthi abasebenzi bahlukanise izikhundla, kodwa yilokho okwenzekile. Ngosuku lokuqala lwengqungquthela ye-AFL-CIO, izinyunyana ezimbili zashiya umfelandawonye wezisebenzi - inyunyana yayo enkulu kunazo zonke, i-Service Employees International Union, enamalungu ayizigidi ezingu-1.8, kanye ne-International Brotherhood of Teamsters enamalungu ayizigidi ezingu-1.1. Ngemuva kokuphela komhlangano, enye inyunyana yaphuma - i-United Food and Commercial Workers.
Zontathu ziyizinyunyana ezinkulu nezibalulekile enyakatho yeCalifornia. Izakhamuzi ze-SEIU zihlanganisa i-790, emele abasebenzi bakahulumeni abavela e-San Francisco kuya e-Stockton, i-535, inyunyana yezwe lonke yabasebenzi bezenhlalakahle, kanye ne-United Healthcare Workers, enye yezinyunyana ezinkulu zendawo ezweni. Abantu bendawo be-Teamster kulo lonke elase-Bay Area bamele izisebenzi zamaloli nezokuthutha, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla, izindawo ezilungisa ukudla, nezinye izinkampani eziningi ezizimele. I-United Food and Commercial Workers iyinyunyana ezitolo zegrosa nezinkampani ezipakisha inyama.
Izinyunyana ezintathu ezihoxile ku-AFL-CIO zihlele umfelandawonye omusha wezabasebenzi, obizwa ngeChange to Win, ohlanganisa nezinye izinyunyana ezingakahoxi, okungenani okwamanje,. BUMBANA LAPHA munye. I-Local 2 yale nyunyana ibambe iqhaza emzabalazweni wamahhotela angu-14 amakhulu kunawo wonke e-San Francisco. Abanye UNITE LAPHA abantu bendawo bamele abasebenzi embonini yezingubo nelondolo. I-Change to Win ihlanganisa ne-United Farm Workers, i-Labour International Union, kanye ne-Carpenters (abaphuma ku-AFL-CIO eminyakeni embalwa edlule.)
Lesi yisikhathi esiphikisana kakhulu empilweni yezinyunyana zase-US. Ukunakwa komphakathi kugxile kakhulu kulokhu kuhlukana phakathi kwezinyunyana, nokho umthelela wenkulumo-mpikiswano ngempi uzophinde ubuyele emuva iminyaka. Isizukulwane sabamelene nempi, izishoshovu zobumbano ezazingamasha abasebasha ngesikhathi saseVietnam, kanye nezidlamlilo zezikhundla ngesikhathi sokungenelela kweMelika Ephakathi, namuhla ziyizinyunyana eziholayo. Abanye babo kungenzeka bakhohlwe, noma bakhetha ukukhohlwa, lezo zimpande. Kodwa abaningi abazange. NjengoWohlforth, bakhathele ukubona umnyakazo wabo uthule lapho amasosha aseMelika esetshenziswa ukusekela uhlelo lwezomnotho abalwa nalo ekhaya. Inhlangano yabasebenzi ingase ixake ukungaboni ngaso linye kwangaphakathi mayelana nesakhiwo sayo, kodwa ikhula ngokumangazayo icabanga eyodwa ngempi yase-Iraq.
U-Brooks Sunkett, iphini likamengameli weCommunications Workers of America (CWA), wethula inkulumo eyodwa ngesikhathi kuqhubeka umhlangano, wathi uhulumeni wamqambela amanga ngesikhathi umthumela empini eVietnam eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu edlule. โLe mpi ibonakala ifana kakhulu naleyo mpi,โ esho. โNgatshelwa amanga ngaleso sikhathi, namanga sengitshelwa wona manje.โ UHenry Nicholas, umholi wenyunyana yesibhedlela e-American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, utshele izihambeli ukuthi indodana yakhe, esike yasebenza ezindaweni ezine e-Iraq, manje isisongelwa ngomunye futhi.
Njengoba kungekho noyedwa ozwakalisa ukuphikisa, isikhulumi ngemva kwesikhulumi sasukuma sagxeka impi nomsebenzi, safuna ukuba kubuyiswe amasosha. Inkulumo-mpikiswano yayiwuphawu oluphakeme lwamanzi ekukhuphukeni okwaqala ukukhukhula ezinyunyaneni zase-US ngaphambi kokuba impi iqale eminyakeni emibili edlule. Kusukela lapho kwacaca ukuthi abaphathi bakaBush babehlose ukuhlasela i-Iraq, izishoshovu zezinyunyana zaqala ukuhlela inethiwekhi kazwelonke yokuphikisa, i-US Labor Against the War. Okwaqala njengeqoqo lamaqembu amancane, ezinyunyaneni ezimbalwa, namuhla sekuphenduke umfelandawonye wezinyunyana ezimele amalungu angaphezu kwesigidi.
Ababukele kugalari yezivakashi kwakungabaholi bezinyunyana zase-Iraq u-Wohlforth ayekhombe kubo. Omunye wabo wayeke waya e-US ezinyangeni ezimbili ezedlule, kanye nezinye izishoshovu ezinhlanu zezinyunyana, ukuyovuma icala labasebenzi base-Iraq. Izinsuku ezingu-16 bahambela amadolobha angaphezu kuka-50, benxusa ozakwabo bezinyunyana zaseMelika ukuba bathathe isinyathelo sokuqeda lo msebenzi.
NgoMeyi ababili base-Iraqis, u-Hassan Juma'a kanye no-Faleh Abood, abaholi be-General Union of Oil Employees, bafika e-Bay Area. Bawine imiklomelo emincane emahholo enyunyana e-San Francisco longhore, kusukela kubasebenzi bakahulumeni abakhulu be-SEIU e-San Jose, kubasebenzi abahluza e-Martinez, kanye nakuwo wonke umkhandlu wezabasebenzi wase-Bay Area. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kwaphindwa kusukela eLos Angeles kuya eSeattle.
Inethiwekhi ye-USLAW ihlele ukuvakasha kwezinyunyana zase-Iraqi, ukuze ibanike ithuba lokukhuluma ngqo nabasebenzi base-US. โBesikholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi uma izinyunyana ezweni lakithi zingezwa abafowabo nodadewabo base-Iraq becela ukuthi kuhoxiswe amasosha ase-US, bazosabela ngomoya wobumbano nokuzwelana kwabantu,โ kusho uGene Bruskin, omunye wabaxhumanisi kuzwelonke be-USLAW. "Besiqinisile."
Inkulumompikiswano engqungqutheleni yaba yimpendulo yobizo. Kusukela eSan Francisco, izinqumo eziyi-18 ezifuna ukuhoxiswa kwamasosha zitheleke ku-AFL-CIO ezinyunyaneni, emikhandlwini yabasebenzi, kanye nemifelandawonye yezemisebenzi yombuso ezweni lonke. Nokho, njengoba umhlangano uqala, izisebenzi zikazwelonke ze-AFL-CIO zazama ukufaka elinye igama lesinqumo elalithi akuqedwe umsebenzi โngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.โ Lolu wulimi olwalusetshenziswa abaphathi bakaBush.
Izihambeli emhlanganweni wenethiwekhi ye-USLAW zibe sezicela ukuthi kufakwe igama elithi "ukuhoxa ngokushesha" kwamasosha. Ukwazi ukuthi impi yayilindele, futhi ngokungazelelwe ingaqiniseki ngekhono labo lokuyinqoba, abasebenzi be-AFL-CIO bavuma. Lapho isiphakamiso sokuhoxa ngokushesha sibekwa phansi, uPaulson wakwenza kwacaca ukuthi โuma uthi โngokushesha,โ lokho kuzofana nokuthi โngokusheshaโ โ yingakho sizoseseka lesi sinqumo.โ Ulimi olusha lwamukelwe ngamavoti amaningi kakhulu.
Isinqumo siphawula isikhashana emlandweni wesimanje wezabasebenzi wase-US. Kungumkhiqizo wezenzo eziphansi phansi kwenhlangano yabasebenzi yase-US, hhayi umyalelo ovela kubaholi abaphezulu. Isicelo sokuthi amasosha alethwe ekhaya sihambisana nemizwa yezinkulungwane zabasebenzi abajwayelekile kanye namalungu ezinyunyana, izingane zabo nomndeni wabo obizelwe ukulwa impi. Inani elikhulayo, manje eliyiningi lezinyunyana zaseMelika, likholelwa ukuthi indlela engcono kakhulu yokubavikela ukubaletha ekhaya.
Impi yase-Iraq ayizange ibe nokwethenjwa okukhulu njengomzamo wokuthola izikhali zokucekela phansi abantu abaningi, ngoba azizange zitholakale. Isimangalo sabaphathi sokuthi silwela ukuletha intando yeningi kubantu base-Iraq sivuselela ukungakholwa okufanayo. Ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu yokuhlaselwa kwabaphathi, abekho kodwa abalandeli bakaBush abafa kakhulu abanokholo olukhulu ezimemezelweni zakhe zokusekela intando yeningi.
Nokho, onyakeni odlule, ama-Iraqi ngokwawo anikeze indlela entsha yokubheka umthelela wokulwa nentando yeningi lomsebenzi. Iziphathimandla zamasosha aseMelika, zitshele amalungu ezinyunyana zaseMelika, ukuthi zivimbele inhlangano yabasebenzi ezindaweni zikawoyela, amafektri nakwamanye amabhizinisi omphakathi ase-Iraq. Khonamanjalo, izinhlangano zezombusazwe zikaBush seziqalile ukusungula ukudayiswa kwalawo mabhizinisi ezinkampanini zakwamanye amazwe, okungenzeka kube nokulahlekelwa izinkulungwane zemisebenzi - kanye nemali engenayo edingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe kabusha izwe.
โLokhu akuyona inkululeko. Kuwumsebenzi,โ kusho uGhasib Hassan, umholi we-Iraqi Federation of Trade Unions, enye yezinyunyana ezithumele amalungu ayo ukuthi ayokhuluma e-US. โEkuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, sasicabanga ukuthi sesike sabona ukuphela kwamakoloni, kodwa manje singena enkathini entsha yokubusa kwamakoloni.โ
Ukuhoxa ngokushesha kusho okungaphezu nje kokuletha amasosha ase-US ekhaya. Ukuyibiza kubeka abasebenzi baseMelika ohlangothini lwama-Iraqis, njengoba bephikisana nokuguqulwa kwezwe labo ukuze kuzuze abantu abacebile emhlabeni jikelele.
Inkulumompikiswano nge-Iraq igqamisa inkinga ebalulekile, nokho. Amalungu ezinyunyana aya ngokuya eba yinkimbinkimbi, futhi aqonde kangcono indlela izindaba zomhlaba wonke, kusukela empini kuye kwezohwebo, ezithinta ngayo izimpilo zabantu emigwaqweni yasemadolobheni ase-US. Kodwa iphesenti lamalungu enyunyana liyehla, futhi inhlangano abayidingayo ukukusebenzisa lokho kuqonda iya ngokuya iba mncane. Ukuqwashisa ngepolitiki okujulile kukodwa ngeke kuguqule umhlaba.
Ngakho-ke, ezinyangeni eziholela emhlanganweni, i-Iraq yayingeyona indaba eyinhloko yezinkulumo-mpikiswano ezinyunyaneni. Eqinisweni, kwakuvame ukungena engxoxweni ehluke kakhulu, lapho ababambiqhaza babekhuluma kakhulu ngenhlekelele yokusinda. Iziphakamiso zokushintsha indlela izinyunyana zase-US, ezagcina zifinyelele umvuthwandaba ngokuhlukana, zazingenandaba nenqubomgomo yezangaphandle, futhi okuningi kakhulu nezinkinga zesakhiwo ezenza izinyunyana zingasebenzi ngendlela efanele.
Isibonelo esingcono kakhulu sendawo sezinkinga ezisengozini yindaba yonyaka yabasebenzi basehhotela e-San Francisco. Begqugquzelwa umqondo wezinyunyana emadolobheni amaningi ezweni lonke ezihlala phansi ngasikhathi sinye nabasebenzi bamahhotela abakhulu, abasebenzi basemahhotela kuzwelonke bafuna usuku olulodwa lokuphelelwa yisikhathi kuzo zonke izivumelwano zabo zomsebenzi - ngo-2006. Iningi liwunqobile - iSan Francisco iyona ukubamba okuyinhloko.
I-Multi Employer Group yedolobha iyala ukuvuma. Bamele abahlinzeki bamahhotela, okuhlanganisa nezinkampani ezenza izigidigidi zamarandi ezifana ne-Hilton, i-Intercontinental, i-Starwood ne-Hyatt, ephethe izakhiwo zamahhotela ezweni lonke nasemhlabeni. Bayaqonda ukuthi uma inyunyana ihlanganisa umsebenzi ofanayo edolobheni nedolobha, bazokwazi ukuzuza izinga lokuphila elisha izinyunyana zendawo ezingakwazi ukulizuza ngokwazo.
Abasebenzi basemahhotela bazama nokugwema isipiliyoni esibuhlungu sabasebenzi basegilosa eLos Angeles eminyakeni emibili edlule. Lapho, abasebenzi abangu-40,000 bashaya amaketanga egilosa ase-Safeway, Albertsons kanye ne-Ralph's kuyo yonke indawo eseningizimu ye-California izinyanga ezinhlanu. Nokho, ekugcineni baphoqeleka ukuba bamukele amaholo nemibandela ephansi kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi amaketanga ayegcina izitolo zivulekile, zenza inzuzo, ezweni lonke. Isifundo sezinyunyana lapha ukuthi ukuxoxisana kwezifunda nezinkampani ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe akusasebenzi. Okwakuntula ubumbano - amandla okwenza ndawonye.
I-United Airlines ifundise izinyunyana isifundo esifanayo. Umthwali walahla uhlelo lwayo lwempesheni kuhulumeni Wombuso ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, futhi abathathe umhlalaphansi babona izinzuzo zabo zehliswa. Imboni yezindiza ihlukaniswe phakathi kwezinyunyana eziyishumi nanye (ezine e-United iyodwa). Ngokuhlukana okunjalo, kunzima ukuthi abasebenzi bawine. Ukube bonke bebesenhlanganweni eyodwa, futhi cishe bonke abasebenzi bezindiza behlelwa, bekuyoba lula kakhulu. Abasebenzi bebengase benqabe ukwamukela ukuhlakazwa kwesimiso sokuthatha umhlalaphansi abasichithe amashumi eminyaka besakha. Uma inkampani eyodwa iqothuka (njengoba i-United yasongela ukwenza), izisebenzi zayo zingathathwa kalula ezinye izinkampani zezindiza - uma bekunenyunyana eyodwa kanye nenkontileka eyodwa.
Emaholo, ekuncishisweni kwezinzuzo, nasezimpeshenini ezilahlekile, izisebenzi zaseCalifornia zikhokhe inani eliphakeme ngokunamathela endleleni eyisidala yokuzihlela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inyunyana yabasebenzi bedokodo yaseSan Francisco, i-International Longshore and Warehouse Union, yahlula ukuvala ngaphandle kwamalungu ayo eminyakeni emithathu edlule. Banqoba ngoba ngeminyaka yawo-1930 no-40s, inyunyana yayihlakaniphe kakhulu ngezindaba ezifanayo. Abasebenzi baseLongshore babebhekwa njengama-bums kanye namaderelic. Ngemva kweSan Francisco General Strike yango-1934, bawina ikhono lokuxoxisana ngenkontileka eyodwa nazo zonke izinkampani zemikhumbi ogwini olusentshonalanga, ezihlanganisa wonke amachweba. Ngenxa yalokho, amaholo ogwini olude manje aphakathi kwabasebenzi basezimbonini base-US abaphakeme kakhulu. I-Solidarity yasebenza.
Ngonyaka odlule, ngakho-ke, izinyunyana eziningi zaqala ukwenza iziphakamiso zokushintsha indlela ezisebenza ngayo. Ingxoxo yaqala eSan Francisco, emhlanganweni ka-SEIU ka-August, lapho uMongameli u-Andy Stern ebiza uguquko olujulile lwesakhiwo. Kwathi ngemva kokuba abasebenzi behlulwe okhethweni lukamongameli lwango-2004, inyunyana yakhipha isiphakamiso samaphuzu ayi-10 esibizwa ngokuthi Unite To Win. Ngokushesha kwasusa impikiswano eshubile, nezinye izinyunyana zasabela.
Into eyimpikiswano kakhulu kumaphuzu ayi-10 izonikeza i-AFL-CIO igunya lokudinga izinyunyana ezincane ukuthi zihlangane zibe ezinkulu ngokwanele ukuze zibe namandla okuxoxisana nokuhlela. Lo mfelandawonye uzophinde wenze isiqiniseko sokuthi abasebenzi abasembonini eyodwa ngeke besahlukana phakathi kwezinyunyana eziningi. "Thatha imboni yezindiza," kusho uStern ngesikhathi sokungenelela, "lapho izinyunyana zihlukaniswa ngobuciko, izinkampani, izinyunyana nezingezona izinyunyana. Kufanele sizibuke esibukweni futhi sithembeke. Uma sihlukanisa amandla abasebenzi, futhi singenalo isu elibumbene, abasebenzi bayakhokha.โ
Izinyunyana eziningi azivumelani ngodlame ukuthi kufanele ziphoqwe ukuba zihlangane. Nokho, ekugcineni le nkulumo-mpikiswano yaphenduka ingxabano yemali. Izinyunyana ezakha i-Change to Win Coalition zifuna i-AFL-CIO yehlisele ingxenye yemali ezifaka kuyo izimali ezikhokhwayo, ukuze kuxhaswe imikhankaso yokuhlela amalungu amasha. UMengameli we-AFL-CIO uJohn Sweeney (naye owayengumongameli we-SEIU, kanye nomeluleki kaStern) uthe umfelandawonye kufanele unyuse imali esetshenziswayo ekuhleleni, kodwa ubeke nakakhulu emikhankasweni yokhetho. Eqinisweni, izinhlangothi zombili zakhuthaza ukwanda kwezinsiza kokubili kokuhlela kanye nesenzo sezombusazwe - umehluko wawungaphezu kwesilinganiso esiya ngakunye.
Ingabe udaba belukufanele ukuhlukaniswa kwenhlangano yabasebenzi?
U-Eliseo Medina, iphini likamongameli we-SEIU esifundeni esisentshonalanga yale nyunyana, uthi yebo. โAkekho ozosisindisa,โ esho engxoxweni, โakekho usopolitiki noma isikhulu sikahulumeni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sinezinhloso ezinhle kangakanani. Singazisindisa thina kuphela. Ukuze senze lokho, sidinga ukufinyelela futhi silethe abantu abaningi kakhulu embuthweni wethu. Ipolitiki iyingxenye yesixazululo, kodwa kumele futhi sihlanganise izigidi zabasebenzi abangajoyina inyunyana uma benikwa ithuba.
โSibone kufanele sehlisele u-50% womuntu ngamunye ezinyunyaneni ezizimisele ukuhlela lezo zimboni ezibalulekile, noma cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-50. I-AFL-CIO ibizimisele kuphela ukukhuphukela ku-$15 million, nezinye izinsiza ezabelwa ezombangazwe. Lowo bekuwumehluko ocacile - abakuphakamisa bekungenele ukwenza umsebenzi. "
Abanye babengaqinisekanga kangako. Abanye bamane baphikisane nokuhlukanisa amandla abasebenzi ngesikhathi kuhlaselwa. Kodwa abanye babe nomuzwa wokuthi inkulumo-mpikiswano yayingahambanga ngokwanele. UBill Fletcher ungomunye wakamuva. Ngemuva kokukhethwa kokuphathwa kwezinguquko kukaJohn Sweeney ngo-1995, waba umqondisi wezemfundo wenhlangano yezabasebenzi, futhi kamuva waba umsizi kaSweeney. Ephoqelelwe ngenxa yepolitiki yakhe eqinile, usephenduke umgxeki ongaguquki wejubane lokushintsha kwezinyunyana zaseMelika. "Izinyunyana zethu zihlushwa i-conservatism ejulile, ukwehluleka ukuqaphela izinhlobo zezinguquko ezenzekayo, ngakho-ke isidingo sethu senhlangano enombono," esho engxoxweni. โIningi labaholi abakhona kufanele ngempela bathathe umhlalaphansi. Benze imibono engalungile ngepolitiki nezomnotho zaleli zwe. Izinyunyana azamukelwa yizikhulu ezibusayo. Abamukelwa ngemali enkulu.โ
UFletcher nabanye baphikisa ngokuthi nakuba kulwa kakhulu ngemali okufanele iye ekuqasheni abahleli noma ukuqhuba imikhankaso yokhetho, kunenkulumompikiswano encane kakhulu mayelana nendlela - lapho abasebenzi bebheke khona. Inkulumo-mpikiswano nge-Iraq emhlanganweni we-AFL-CIO yengeza into nepolitiki engxoxweni ebuswa amadola nokwakheka.
Abasebenzi bayidinga kakhulu leyo ngxoxo ejulile. Ukulahleka, ngokwesibonelo, kube yimigomo ephezulu yokuhlela nokuvikela abasebenzi bokufika, okwanika ithemba ezigidini zabangabhaliwe ngemuva komhlangano we-AFL-CIO e-Los Angeles ngo-1999. endaweni yomhlangano. Izinyunyana zasichitha isikhundla sazo sangaphambili sokusekela unswinyo lwabaqashi, ukuhlinzekwa kwe-Immigration Reform and Control Act ka-1986 okwenza kube yicala lombuso ukuthi owokufika ongenazo izincwadi abambe umsebenzi.
UJohn Wilhelm, manje ongumongameli we-UNITE HERE, umemezele ukuthi ukusekela unswinyo kube yiphutha elikhulu. Abanye bavuma. Kodwa namuhla izikweletu ezimbili zihamba ngeCongress ezoqinisa unswinyo lwabaqashi. Zombili zizosungula izinhlelo ezinkulu zezisebenzi zezivakashi ezintsha, njengohlelo lwe-bracero lwama-1940s kanye nama-50s, okuletha abokufika e-US ngaphansi kwama-visa esikhashana ukuze bahlinzekele ngezidingo zabasebenzi zezinkampani ezinkulu. Abameli bamalungelo abokufika ngokwesiko baphikisana nalezi zinhlelo njengokuxhaphaza - ukugqilazwa okungahleliwe okubonakalayo.
Omunye waleyo mithetho-sivivinyo, uMthethosivivinywa kaKennedy/McCain, wesekwa ezinye zezinhlangano zezombusazwe zabasebenzi kuzwelonke, ngaphandle kwengxoxo ezinyunyaneni zasendaweni kanye naphakathi kwamalungu asezingeni eliphezulu, ngomthelela wawo kwabasebenzi nakubantu bokufika. Ngaleso sikhathi, umthethosivivinywa wokufika othuthuke kakhulu kuCongress awunazo isisebenzi esiyisivakashi kanye nezinhlinzeko zokuqinisa umthetho. Yize yesekwa yiCongressional Black Caucus, ayikatholi ukunakwa yizinyunyana.
Eminyakeni emibili edlule, i-UNITE LAPHA yaqala i-Immigrant Workers Freedom Ride. Ezingxoxweni zenkontileka, i-Local 2 ivikele amalungelo abokufika ngenkathi ifuna ukuthi amahhotela ehlise ulayini wombala we-defacto kubasebenzi base-Afrika baseMelika. Lolu uhlobo loshintsho ezinyunyaneni amalungu amaningi angathanda ukulibona - i-ajenda yangempela esekelwe ezimisweni, umzamo oqotho wokuzisebenzisa, kanye nokushisa komgwaqo ukushintsha imigomo yemvelo yezombangazwe enobuthi eWashington.
Esikhundleni salokho, ngisho nasezinyunyaneni ezithuthukayo, okutholayo ukwenza isivumelwano se-Washington beltway. Njengoba uFletcher esho, inkulumo-mpikiswano kufanele ibe bukhali kakhulu.
Futhi okwamanje, izinyunyana eSan Francisco, nomkhandlu wayo wezabasebenzi, kufanele ziphile. Akekho owaziyo ukuthi yini okufanele ayilindele, njengoba izisebenzi zilungiselela isizini entsha yezingxabano zezombangazwe nezomnotho. I-San Francisco inenkinga enzima kakhulu kuneningi โ uJosie Mooney, umqondisi omkhulu wenyunyana enkulu yabasebenzi bakahulumeni yedolobha, i-SEIU Local 790, ungumongameli womkhandlu. Kuze kube manje, uMooney akakayifaki incwadi yokwesula, futhi ngokusho kukaMedina, "sidinga ukuqhubeka nokusebenza ndawonye ezingeni lendawo nelesifundazwe, futhi sithemba ukuthi i-AFL-CIO ithatha isikhundla esifanayo." uthena.
Ezweni lonke, izinyunyana zinobudlelwano obuseduze ezingafuni ukubuchitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhandlu eminingi incike kakhulu emalini ekhokhwayo evela ezinyunyaneni manje ezingaphansi kwe-CTW. Uma bephoqeleka ukuthi basebenze ngaphandle kwayo, kuzodingeka bamise abasebenzi futhi banciphise umsebenzi.
Imikhandlu ithwala kanzima ngesikhathi sokhetho, njengalolo oluza eCalifornia ngoNovemba. Amalungu ezinyunyana abuthana eza emabhange ezingcingo zomkhandlu, ahamba ezindaweni ezizungezile ebusuku noma ngezimpelasonto emibuthanweni ehlelwa imikhandlu, futhi aze anqume ukuthi ngobani abangabasebenzi abanobungane emihlanganweni yomkhandlu. Emsebenzini wokwakha, izivumelwano zabasebenzi bephrojekthi ezihlanganisa amaphrojekthi amakhulu wokwakha njengezikhumulo zezindiza, izikole namabhuloho ngokuvamile zisayinwa nomkhandlu, futhi zidinga izinyunyana ezibamba iqhaza ukuba zibe phakathi kwazo.
Uma lesi sakhiwo sihlakazeka, izinyunyana zinokulahlekelwa okukhulu. Njengoba abaningi bekubona, ekulweni kwezindlovu abantu abavamile abenza umsebenzi wokuzikhandla kufanele bagweme ukucindezelwa. USweeney usekhiphe isitatimende esisodwa, nokho, abanye abasebenzi be-AFL-CIO abasibiza ngokudelela โumugqa wenkampani.โ Ithi izinyunyana ezihoxayo kulo mfelandawonye azikwazi ukuqhubeka nokubamba iqhaza emikhandlwini yendawo njengezithunywa ezikhokha ngokugcwele ngevoti.
U-Tim Paulson ulindele ukuthi kuthule uthuli. โNgibona ngempela okuzokwenzeka ngokulandelayo njengesandiso senkulumompikiswano esibe nayo kuze kube manje,โ esho ngethemba engxoxweni yakamuva. โI-SEIU yethu, i-Teamsters kanye ne-UFCW yendawo bebeyingxenye yenhlangano yabasebenzi ngaphambi komhlangano, futhi basengabafowethu nodadewethu manje. Ngicabanga ukuthi kufanele sinikeze abaholi bethu bakazwelonke uhlelo lokulawula intukuthelo.โ
Ukusebenzisana nezinyunyana eziwushiyile lo mfelandawonye akuyona into engakaze yenzeke. Kwenzeka ngesikhathi i-Teamsters ne-United Auto Workers behoxa ngawo-1960. I-Carpenters Union, inyunyana enkulu kunazo zonke ezakhiweni, ishiye eminyakeni embalwa edlule, futhi isabambe iqhaza emikhandlwini yabasebenzi eminingi ye-Bay Area. I-AFL-CIO-esebenzisana ne-American Federation of Teachers ibambisana ne-National Education Association ezimele - e-San Francisco, izinhlaka zayo ezimbili ezihlangene eminyakeni embalwa edlule ukuze zakhe i-United Educators yase-San Francisco.
โNgicabanga ukuthi sizoqhubeka nokwenza ebesihlale sikwenza,โ kubikezela uPaulson. "Sisengozini enkulu ekwandiseni ubumbano phakathi kwabasebenzi ukuze sikulahle konke manje."
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