Uma ngikhuluma ngesayensi yezenhlalakahle ngikhuluma ngokuletha uguquko, ukuletha iRiphabhulikhi yabasebenzi okuyinto uConnolly akhuluma nathi ngayo. Iriphabhuliki yabasebenzi kithi isho into eyodwa nenye kuphela, ukubusa komnotho, ubunikazi bazo zonke izimboni, izigayo, kanye nemayini kuleli, ngabantu abasebenzayo.
Intweza ophahleni oluneqhwa endaweni esenyakatho ye-Dublin ebusika, njengoba amazwi e-Red Army Choir ekhukhumala esuka ezwini elithulile aze aphelele, ikhamera yehlela engadini ehlala i-trampoline, i-basketball hoop, futhi, phakathi nendawo yayo. , ukuqhuma kwemabula yemabula kaLenin. Ukusika okubukhali kwezithombe zesitoko se-Brezhnev-era Red Square, kanye nombalisi wethu wezemidlalo ogqoke izingubo ezibomvu, u-Daracha Nic Philibín, kuhambisana nokushintshashintsha kwethoni, njengoba i-Alexandrov Ensemble ivula ithuba lokushaywa kokwenziwa kwe-post-day yaseBelarus. Ingubo ye-punk Molchat Doma. “Kulula ukukhohlwa, njengoba sibheka emuva eminyakeni yokugcina yekhulu lamashumi amabili, ukuthi imibono ephikisanayo isalokhu imayelana nendlela ukuphila okufanele kuhlelwe ngayo.”
Okubomvu! futhi hÉireann, ifilimu ye-TV entsha yolimi lwesi-Irish empilweni yangaphakathi ye-Communist Party of Ireland (CPI) yakamuva yekhulunyaka lamashumi amabili (CPI) evela kumqondisi u-Kevin Brannigan, ivusa ku-vignette yayo yokuvula i-medley eguquguqukayo yokugqama echaza ulwazi lwamaKhomanisi ase-Ireland, eningizimu. nasenyakatho. Isiqalo seMpi Yomshoshaphansi yembulunga yonke—lapho “kuvela amaqembu avukela kwesokunxele . . . ngisho nalapha e-Ireland” - iphetha ngefilimu enohlaza yemashi enemvula yeConnolly Youth Movement (CYM) ephikisana neMpi YaseVietnam, amagama eqembu lama-Marxist aboniswa esibhengezoni esifundeka kanje: "For Peace and Socialism."
Uma sibheka emuva kulezi zenzakalo ohlangothini olukude “lwesiphetho Somlando,” Okubomvu! ibeka isihloko sayo kusukela ekususeni njengesisekelo esingenakucimeka enkathini yangaphambi kwe-prelapsarian ngaphambi kokuwohloka okuqinisekile, nokudumaza kobusoshiyali baseSoviet. Ukumatanisa i-kitschy yobuhle beSoviet nezikolo ze-elekthronikhi ezizayo, kanye nezithombe ezimnyama nezimhlophe zobuso obusha obunengqondo emihlanganweni egcwele enezingxoxiswano zanamuhla, ezinencazelo ephezulu emakhaya alala abantu abadala, umbono wefilimu owenziwe isitayela, wemultimedia wesipiliyoni samaKhomanisi ase-Ireland. ihlanganisa umuzwa oshisayo wokulangazelela enye indlela yesimanjemanje elahlekile.
UbuKhomanisi kanye ne-Ireland
Okubomvu! iyi-panorama eyakhiwe ngokushesha, ehehayo, ehola izibukeli eduze - kwabaningi, okungenzeka abakajwayelekile - amathrekhi omphakathi namasiko wepolitiki yamaKhomanisi e-Ireland yama-'60s, '70s, kanye nama-'80s. Zonke izinhlobo zezinto zomlando zidwetshwe kuzo, okuhlanganisa ingcebo yemifanekiso emangazayo yemihlangano ye-CPI ne-CYM etholwe, u-Brannigan ungitshela, “ekujuleni kwengobo yomlando ye-RTE [umsakazi womphakathi wase-Ireland]” (okungenzeka angabonakali kusukela ekuqaleni kwasakazwa ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960s) . Ukulandisa ngezikhathi ezithile kunikeza ukwakheka okuxekethile kule kholaji, okunikeza ababukeli abasha kulo mlando i-handrail kuwo wonke, kodwa ingxenye enkulu, okubomvu kwefilimu kuvunyelwe ukuzikhulumela - ikakhulukazi ngezingxoxo ezinwetshiwe, ezinqamulelayo nezingqalabutho eziyishumi nanye ze-CPI yangaleso sikhathi.
Iqembu lamaKhomanisi lase-Ireland (inhlangano yesithathu yomlando ukubiza leso sihloko) ifilimu iyachaza, yasungulwa ngo-1970 kulandela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Irish Workers' Party kanye ne-Communist Party yase-Northern Ireland, “njengeqembu le-Ireland yonke” ukugxila eDublin naseBelfast, namanye amagatsha kuso sonke isiqhingi.
Umlando wenhlangano we-CPI uma kungenjalo uthola izingxoxo ezincane, kodwa ukubaluleka komlando phakathi kwalezi zinhlaka ezincane kusobala kuyo yonke indawo. Isazi esinentshebe emhlophe uSean Edwards, okwaxoxwa naye esegunjini lokuphumula elihlotshiswe ngezikhumbuzo ze-republic, amakhomanisi, neMpi Yombango YaseSpain, uyachaza: “Sakha iphupho lobudlela-ndawonye base-Ireland emlandweni wethu siqu, nomzabalazo wethu siqu.” Eceleni kukaLenin, isibalo sika UJames Connolly kubukeka kukhulu phakathi kwezithombe zamaKhomanisi. Ngomfanekiso omangalisayo wekomkhulu le-CYM e-Pembroke Lane, eDublin, sibona amaseyili amakhulu apendwe u-Connolly no-Lenin, nezindonga zihlotshiswe amafulegi e-North Vietnamese Army (NVA) kanye nomfanekiso we-Ho Chi Minh.
Isiko lokufundisa eliqinile ngaphakathi kophiko lwentsha lwe-CPI luyagqama. Njengoba i-RTE footage pans phezu kwamashalofu ezincwadi ahlanganiswe nezinhlelo ze-Lenin, Engels, Connolly, kanye I-Eurocommunism: Inganekwane noma Iqiniso?, inhlolokhono yanamuhla uMick O'Reilly - obonwa erekhodini eseyinsizwa, ekhuluma negumbi labagundi bezinwele ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-'60 "ngezimfundiso zikaConnolly's Marxist" - uyachaza: “Into eyodwa ngenhlangano yamaKhomanisi kanye neConnolly Youth Movement. futhi konke lokho kwakufunda.” Esinye isikhulu siyavuma, sikhumbula ukuthi lapho abanye “baya e-TCD [Trinity College Dublin ] noma e-UCD [University College Dublin] . . . siye eCYM ukuze sifunde.”
Ubudlelwano beQembu LamaKhomanisi ne-Irish republicanism buthola ingxoxo ethile, nakuba mhlawumbe kungeyona itimu evelele lapha njengoba umuntu ebengayilindele. U-Helena Sheehan owazalelwa e-Philadelphia (umbhali owaziwayo I-Marxism kanye neFilosofi Yesayensi) kanye no-Eoin Ó Murchú bobabili babengamalungu e-Official Sinn Fein ngaphambi kokuthola "ikhaya elisha neQembu LamaKhomanisi," kulandela ukuhlukana phakathi kwabantu kanye nokubulawa kukaBilly McMillen noSeamus Costello.
Izikhumbuzo zendlela eya kwezombusazwe zamaKhomanisi zalabo ababekade bevela entshonalanga neqembu elithembekile empumalanga yeBelfast basekela isimangalo somunye okwaxoxwa naye ukuthi, Ezifundeni Eziyisithupha, i-CPI “yayiyindawo engenamahlelo phakathi nengxabano yamahlelo . . . into eyigugu ngempela ngokweNorthern Ireland.” Nokho, ngale kwalokhu, kunengxoxo encane yokuthi amaKhomanisi eNyakatho ye-Ireland abhekana kanjani nenkinga yokuhlukana phakathi kwesigaba esibanzi sabasebenzi, noma yezimpikiswano ezishisayo zangaleso sikhathi mayelana nombuzo kazwelonke kanye nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-Two Nations Theory. Lokhu kuhambisana nokugxila okuvamile kwefilimu, ikakhulukazi abanaso kakhulu isithakazelo ekucacisweni kwezombusazwe eziphezulu ze-CPI kodwa ku-zeitgeist yokuthi kwakusho ukuthini ukuba iKhomanisi elincane e-Ireland yangaleso sikhathi.
URaphael Samuel, ekhumbula ubusha bakhe eQenjini LamaKhomanisi laseGreat Britain, wabhala ukuthi “[ukuba] iKhomanisi kwakuwukuba nobuntu obuphelele ngokwenhlalo, obudlula imingcele yesigaba, ubulili, nobuzwe. . . . [Sasihlala] ezweni elincane elizimele elethu.” Le ngxenye yesipiliyoni sesiko lamaKhomanisi iyisici esiqinile kulo lonke Okubomvu!; omunye okwaxoxwa naye, ejoyine Iqembu LamaKhomanisi e-Sheffield, wathola ukuthi lapho ethuthela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-'60s e-Belfast ukuthi “kwakunabangane asebelungile lapha ngaphakathi kweQembu LamaKhomanisi, uyazi.”
Ngezithombe zangaleso sikhathi, izithombe, nezincazelo, sithola isithombe semihlangano, amamashi, “izitolo zephathi,” neminye imibuthano lapho amaKhomanisi ase-Ireland ayebuthana khona, imikhaya ilandelana. Kumbongi yaseBelfast uSinead Morrissey, omncane kunabo bonke okwaxoxwa naye, ubuKhomanisi “babeyindaba yomndeni futhi ngoba kwakuyiqembu elihlanganise abazali bami.” Izinkumbulo ezibuhlungu zikaMorrissey “zobuKhomanisi” bakhe “nezindawo ezichazwe ngokucacile lapho leli zwe . . . lapho ngangizizwa ngingowakho ngempela,” nikeza isici esibalulekile iqiniso lansuku zonke lalezi zibomvu: “Ngikhumbula nje izingqwembe zikaMarx, futhi ngikhumbula ukuthi wonke umuntu wayebhema . . .”
I-Post-Soviet Melancholia
Ubudlelwano bemizwa balawa maKhomanisi ase-Ireland naseMpumalanga Yurophu yangaleso sikhathi buthatha ingxenye yesithathu yokugcina yefilimu. I-CPI ngokuvamile yayiseduze ne-Moscow, nenqwaba yezinhlaka zayo, siyafunda, ivame ukuya e-Eastern Bloc kuma-party congress noma amaholide omndeni. “Samukelekile njalo eMoscow.”
Okubomvu! udweba isithombe esithokozisayo sokwamukela kwalaba basebenzi base-Ireland ingcindezelo kanye nezinguquko kubloc yaseSoviet, kuze kufike ebunzimeni obubulalayo ngo-1989-91. ISivumelwano SaseWarsaw sokucindezelwa kweNtwasahlobo yasePrague ngo-1968, u-O'Reilly (owagcina eyishiyile i-CPI waya e-Eurocommunist Irish Marxist Society) “kwakuyihlazo . . . elahlwa yiQembu LamaKhomanisi lapha e-Ireland” - kodwa “eyaqala ukuhlukana okwathatha iminyaka,” futhi ngokombono wakhe “yafaka ubuthi yonke into.”
Kulokhu, naseminyakeni ye-perestroika, iningi labantu okwaxoxwa nabo ngalolo daba bazichaza njengababelokhu begxeka kakhulu ukungakhululeki nenkohlakalo ku-Eastern Bloc, futhi besekela imizamo yokuguqula. Asizwa ngempela kuma-hard-liners e-pro-Soviet abhekisela kuwo ukuthi aphikisana nawo ngaleso sikhathi.
Ukulandisa okuqondile kanye nezithombe ze-RTE zangaleso sikhathi zokunganeliseki kanye nemibhikisho njengoba laba hulumeni behlatshwe umkhosi kunikeza ukuhlonza okungalungile kwezinhlelo zezombusazwe zaseMpumalanga Yurophu lapho ubuholi beQembu LamaKhomanisi ngeminyaka yawo-1980 babusaqhubeka nokukhohlisa. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ifilimu isiphetho sokwelashwa kokuwa kwe-USSR, kanye nezimpendulo zesimanje zabalingiswa bethu, akucaci futhi kuyathinta.
Ubufakazi obukhumbula amathemba ashabalala okuthi isimiso samaSoviet sasingase siguqulwe sibe “uhlobo olungcono lwesocialism, uhlobo lwentando yeningi lwezenhlalakahle,” ukuwohloka “komndeni wobuntwana” kaSinead Morrissey, kanye nokukhala lapho kucatshangelwa inkathi eyalandela. ukunqoba konxiwankulu okungagxiliwe emhlabeni wonke, konke kusiza ukuxhumana nezithameli ngomqondo ozwakalayo Ukulahleka.
Kungase kushiwo ukuthi ukugxila okukhulu kwefilimu ngesikhathi sokuhlakazwa kweSoviet Union kuza ngenxa yokuxhumana okukhulu nezimo zezombusazwe nezenhlalo Iqembu LamaKhomanisi e-Ireland yangaleso sikhathi. Lesi sinqumo sokuhlela cishe sikweleta ngokwengxenye uhlobo lohlelo, njengefilimu eqondiswe ikakhulukazi izethameli zase-Ireland mayelana nobuKhomanisi, esikhundleni sezithameli ezimisiwe ezingakwesokunxele nge-Ireland.
Lokho kusho, akubuzwa lokho Okubomvu! inokuningi ukunikeza izethameli zamazwe ngamazwe ezinentshisekelo endaweni yepolitiki yamaKhomanisi ngaphakathi kwe-Ireland Yezinkinga. Lesi isibonelo sangempela sokwenziwa kwefilimu komlando obucayi, ukudweba ngobuciko ezintweni zomthombo wangempela nezingokomlando ukuze unikeze isingeniso esibukeka kahle, esinobulungisa, nesibalulekile ezweni elilahlekile le-Irish Communism.
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Nikela