Umthombo: Amanothi Ezabasebenzi
Ngo-Agasti inkantolo yase-California yayala i-Uber ne-Lyft ukuthi ihlukanise kabusha abashayeli abangaphezu kuka-100,000 njengezisebenzi ezivamile. Lezi zinkampani ezimbili, ezincike kumodeli yebhizinisi echaza abashayeli njengosonkontileka abazimele, zithole isinqumo esisusiwe okungenani izinyanga ezimbalwa.
Kodwa okwamanje usongo lwabo lokuvala ukusebenza eCaliforniaโfuthi ngaleyo ndlela bashise izinkulungwane zabashayeli kuyilapho beqeda ukusiza izigidi zamakhasimendeโluphakamisa umbuzo: Silibiza ngokuthini leli su lebhizinisi elingavamile? Igebe lobudlelwano bomphakathi? Isu lokucindezela? I-Blackmail? Isiteleka esikhulu?
Yikho konke okungenhla, kodwa isifaniso esingcono kakhulu somlando โukuvalwa,โ isikhali somqashi esinedumela, samakhulu amabili eminyaka esiklanyelwe ukuphoqa abasebenzi ukuthi baguqe.
ISIKHALI ESIBHEKENE NABASEBENZI ABANAKHONO
Isiteleka saseHomestead sango-1892 saqala njengokuvinjwa kwabasebenzi abanamakhono abaphikisana nezimfuno zika-Andrew Carnegie noHenry Frick zokuthi banciphise amaholo namandla enyunyana. UFrick wabiyela yonke indawo yokugaya, wavalela ngaphandle bonke abasebenzi, wabe esebiza isikebhe esigcwele amaphoyisa azimele ase-Pinkerton ukuthi avikele utwayi ayethemba ukuthi uzoluqoqa. Ngenkathi abasebenzi bexosha ama-Pinkertons empini echitha igazi, kwathatha ukungeniswa kwamasosha e-National Guard asuka e-Philadelphia ukuze abuyisele amandla ezandleni zonxiwankulu.
Ukuvalwa kwangaphandle kwekhulunyaka le-19 kwakungavamile ngenxa yokuthi isimo sasishintshile sivuna izisebenzi eziphakeme: umsebenzi onekhono wawulawula indawo yezitolo ezigayweni eziningi nasezimayini nasezindaweni zokwakha, njengoba ukwehla kwamandla emali kwakukhuphula inani lamaholo abo. Abaphathi baphendule ngokuvalelwa ngaphandle ukuze kuphoqelelwe ukuvunyelwa kanye nokwehliswa kwamaholo.
Ukuvala ngaphandle kwakungavamile kakhulu maphakathi nekhulu lama-20 eminyaka yamandla ezinyunyana kanye nokuxoxisana okuphumelelayo kweqoqo. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho abasebenzi bateleka bona futhi cishe njalo baphume phambili.
Kodwa kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1980, lapho ukubambelela nje ezinhlinzekweni zenkontileka eyawinwa emizuliswaneni yezingxoxo zangaphambili ngokuvamile kwakubhekwa njengempumelelo yenyunyana, ukuvala iminyango kwabuya njengesikhali somqashi. Abaphathi bavalela ngaphandle abasebenzi bezinyunyana ezimpini ezinkulu eCaterpillar, emaphephandabeni aseDetroit, kanye ne-AE Staley ngeminyaka yawo-1990. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, basebenzise iqhinga elifanayo e-Honeywell kanye ne-National Grid, insiza yokusabalalisa igesi yaseMassachusetts.
Ngokuphawulekayo, ukuvala i-lockout okuphakeme kakhulu kuye kwavela emidlalweni yobuchwepheshe. Lapha abadlali basungule izinyunyana eziqinile ezithwebule enye yemali engenayo enkulu etholwe ngamalungelo okusakaza imidlalo. Futhi izinkontileka zamahhala ze-ejensi zenze ezinye izinkanyezi zizuze amaholo amakhulu. Abanikazi baphindisela emuva, kwadala ukukhiywa ngaphandle okuphazamise isizini yokuqeqeshwa: ngo-2011, i-NFL yavalela ngaphandle abadlali izinsuku eziyi-136 kwathi i-NBA yenza okufanayo izinsuku eziyi-161. Ngonyaka olandelayo, abanikazi be-NHL bavalela ngaphandle abadlali izinsuku eziyi-119.
IKUSASA LABASEBENZI BE-GIG LISENGCUPHENI
Kodwa konke lokhu kuhlangene ngani nge-Uber neLyft? Abashayeli babo abahlangene, phela. Yiqiniso, kodwa bawine, ezinkantolo nasesishayamthetho saseCalifornia, ukunqoba okukhulu kwamalungelo okuqashwa okuthi, uma futhi kuphoqelelwa, kuzoguqula incazelo yomsebenzi emnothweni we-gig, kuthuthukise kakhulu imali engenayo nokuphepha kwabaningi.
Ngonyaka odlule uMbusi waseCalifornia uGavin Newsom usayine umthetho odinga i-Uber, iLyft, i-DoorDash, nezinye izinkampani eziningi ukuthi ziphinde zihlukaniswe njengezisebenzi ezivamile okwamanje eziphathwa ngokungemthetho njengosonkontileka abazimele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi esikhathini esizayo bazokhokhelwa iholo elibikezelwa kakhudlwana, bathole ikhefu lokugula kanye nezikweletu Zokuvikeleka Komphakathi, futhi bazithole sebengaphansi kwemithetho yesinxephezelo sabasebenzi neyokungaqashwa.
Futhi bazoba nelungelo elingokomthetho lokuhlanganisa inyunyana, lapho abasebenzi nabaphathi bengaxoxisana ngokuthintwa okunikeza abashayeli โukuvumelana nezimoโ okuningi njengoba u-Uber noLyft manje bethi bayakufuna.
Ngakho-ke, njengabasebenzi abanamakhono basekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 laseMelika, abashayeli bezomnotho be-gig kanye "nabathengi" be-DoorDash manje bathola isimo se-quo ngokombono ngasohlangothini lwabo. Okungenani eCalifornia, basonqenqemeni lokujabulela amalungelo omsebenzi abaqashi begig abafuna ukuwafaka. Ukwenza lokho i-Uber, iLyft kanye neDoorDash baqongelele isifuba sempi esingamaRandi ayizigidi eziyi-181 ukuze baphumelele iSiphakamiso sama-22 okhethweni lwaseCalifornia lwangoNovemba. Leso siphakamiso sizophinda futhi senze umsebenzi wenkontileka ube semthethweni ezigidini zabasebenzi okuthi nganoma iyiphi incazelo ephusile bangabasebenzi abavamile.
I-Uber ne-Lyft bangabase-California abahlomile. Bathemba ukuthi usongo lwabo luzokholisa abashayeli ukuthi balahle amalungelo abo futhi banxenxe abagibeli baseCalifornia ukuthi bagunyaze ukweba.
I-BLUSTER
Ngo-1941 uHenry Ford wasabisa ngokuvala inkampani yakhe uma abasebenzi bevotela i-United Auto Workers. Bakwenza futhi nokho iFord isaqhubeka nanamuhla. I-Bluster yokuphatha ivamise ukuba yi-bluster, okungenzeka ukuthi kunjalo nge-Uber ne-Lyft.
Kodwa enyangeni edlule, baphakamise enye indlela yokugcina abasebenzi emalungelweni abo: ukwakha iqoqo lama-franchise ukuze baqashe abashayeli babo, uma iSiphakamiso 22 sidlula. I-Franchising iyiqhinga elidala, njengoba noma yisiphi isisebenzi sakwa-McDonald's, i-Days Inn, i-FedEx, noma i-Jiffy Lube singafakaza. Abasebenzi bayizisebenzi ezisemthethweni ku-franchise, kodwa umqashi wangempela, lowo onemali namandla, uhlala engenzi lutho ngokusemthethweni. Abasebenzi bayacindezelwa futhi ukuhlangana kwezinyunyana kuletha izinzuzo ezimbalwa.
Ngakho-ke ukuvala ngaphandle, okwake kwacatshangwa ukuthi kuyinsalela yeGolded Age America, kubuye nempindiselo, ubuhlakani, nokuzimisela obekungenza uHenry Frick abe nomona. Sidinga ukuzinikela okuqinile ngokulinganayo emcabangweni wemisebenzi enamalungelo, kanye nemivuzo, imali nokuziphatha, okuyizinxephezelo zabo ezifanele.
UNelson Lichtenstein unguSolwazi Wocwaningo Emlandweni eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eSanta Barbara.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela