Umthombo: Inequality.org
Abasebenzi basanda kulahlekelwa impi enzima ngenxa yalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "umsebenzi we-gig" eCalifornia. Ngaphambili okhethweni, Lyft ngisho usabise ngokumisa yonke imisebenzi kuhulumeni. Kungani inkampani ingaze icabange nokuphuma emakethe enenzuzo kangaka? Lo mbhikisho wawumayelana nokuthi ubani ochaza ukuqashwa, futhi unomthelela womhlaba wonke ngekusasa lomsebenzi.
Impi yaqala ngo-2018, lapho inkantolo ephakeme yaseCalifornia yaba nesibindi sokuphakamisa ukuthi iLyft, Uber, nezinye izinkampani zamapulatifomu. landela imithetho yesizwe yokuqashwa. Izinkampani zenqabile ukuthobela. Ngakho-ke ngo-2019 isishayamthetho saseCalifornia saphasisa umthetho omusha, uMthethosivivinywa Womhlangano 5 (AB5) ukuze uqinise leli phuzu. Izinkampani zaqhubeka nokuhlukanisa abasebenzi bazo ngendlela engafanele, ngakho Ummeli Jikelele waseCalifornia wabamangalela ngoMeyi. Cishe ngemva konyaka, impendulo kaLyft kumyalo wenkantolo wokuthobela umthetho kwakuwukusabisa ngokuvala.
Ngenkathi zilwa nommeli Jikelele wase-California kanye nezinkantolo, izinkampani ziphinde zaphusha ngamandla isinyathelo sokuvota sokuchitha i-AB5. Isinyathelo, Isiphakamiso 22, wathembela emagcekeni angamanga ukuze enze icala ukuthi kungaba kuhle kubashayeli, njengoba Isikhungo Sezabasebenzi sase-UC Berkeley siphawule ngokusiza. Lapho u-Attorney General waseCalifornia enza incazelo enembile yalokho okwakusesilinganisweni, izinkampani zamangalelwa ukushintsha ulimi ukuze luvumelane ne-PR spin yabo.
Ulimi loMmeli Jikelele lwahlala evotini, kodwa ukuzungeza kwaqhubeka. Abasekeli ukhotheme ekubhaleni ikheli lasekhaya kanye nolunye ulwazi lomuntu siqu lukaVeena Dubal, uprofesa wezomthetho wezabasebenzi e-University of California Hastings College of the Law kanye nomgxeki omkhulu we-Uber neLyft.
Ezinsukwini zokugcina eziya okhethweni, impi nge-Prop 22 yashintsha ngendlela eyinqaba. Izinkampani zakhululeka ngamaqiniso njengoba ziphusha imiyalezo yangaphakathi nohlelo kubagibeli zithi "umshayeli wakho usekela i-Prop 22," kuphoqe i-DoorDash. ukuletha abantu ukulahla inkulumo-ze ye-Prop 22 ngokudiliva kwabo, futhi bakhokhele ukuthunyelwa kweposi okukhohlisayo okuvela ezinhlanganweni ezithuthukayo ezinamagama afana nokuthi “Izwa uBern. "
Okwamanje, le blitz ye-disinformation iphumelele. Mayelana 58 amaphesenti yabavoti baseCalifornia bacheme ne-Uber kanye neLyft ukuze bagunyaze isilinganiso sokuvota.
Sekukonke, izinkampani zesikhulumi ezisetshenzisiwe ngaphezulu kwe- $ 200 million ukukholisa abantu baseCalifornia ukuthi bamukele izimo zokusebenza ezivame kakhulu emazweni asathuthuka. Elinye lamaqhinga abo kwakuwukubeka izitatimende zabasebenzi begig emithonjeni yezokuxhumana nasezinkundleni zokuxhumana bethi bayazuza “ekuguquguqukeni” kanye “nokuzimela” kwabo.
Ngifisa sengathi abalandeli baka-Proposition 22 bangahlangana ezinye zezisebenzi zasemsamo engihlangane nazo futhi ngaxoxisana nazo kwamanye amazwe. Emazweni amaningi, izisebenzi bezilokhu “zivumelana nezimo” kanye “nokuzimela.” Bawubiza ngokuthi umsebenzi ongahlelekile. Futhi manje njengoba izinhlelo zokusebenza sezingenile emnothweni wazo, empeleni zilahlekelwa ukuzimela kwazo ngezindlela ezithusayo. Nazi izindaba ezimbili zokuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza zashintsha kanjani izimpilo zabasebenzi bengxenyekazi, kodwa hhayi ngezindlela abebezicabanga.
ECambodia, izwe lapho iholo elincane lingama-dollar ambalwa nje ngosuku, orisho bezithuthuthu ( tuk tuks ) bebevamile iminyaka eminingi. Phambilini abashayeli bebexoxisana ngemali yokugibela ngqo nabagibeli. Ngosuku oluhle, umshayeli enhloko-dolobha yezwe angase akhiphe u-$10 noma ngaphezulu. “Babenokuvumelana nezimo” kanye “nokuzimela.”
Futhi baye baba nezinye izinketho ezimbalwa kakhulu zemisebenzi engcono, ezinzile, ekhokha kakhulu. Kwakungeyona impilo enhle - kodwa namuhla, kubi nakakhulu. Abashayeli engihlangane nabo ngonyaka odlule bangitshele ukuthi ngeke usakwazi ukuthola umgibeli ngaphandle kwe-app. Abashayeli abasenayo inkululeko yokuxoxisana ngemali yokugibela noma bazi ngisho nokuthi bazokhokhwa malini ngaphambi kokuba bamukele ukugibela. Thatha u-“Vuthy,” owangitshela ukuthi ngeke esakwazi ukwenqaba ukugibela ngisho noma imali yokugibela ingenayo inzuzo. Uma engakwamukeli ukugibela kunoma iyiphi imali yokugibela ebekwe yinkundla, uzifaka engozini “yokuvalwa” noma ukususwa endaweni yesikhulumi. Futhi lokhu kungase kusho ukulahlekelwa indlela yakhe yokuziphilisa.
Enye indaba ivela eNdiya. UJude ube ngusomabhizinisi ophumelelayo ngaphambi kokuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza zingene emakethe. Wayenezimoto eziyishumi nambili, eqashe abanye abashayeli abambalwa futhi ehlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zezimoto zokuqasha ezizimele kumakhasimende e-Chennai, idolobha elikhulu laseNdiya. Ngenkathi i-Uber ingena emakethe, yathembisa ukuthi ifuna “ubambiswano” nosonkontileka abazimele abafana naye. UJude wacabanga ukuthi lokhu kubonakala kuthembisa. Phela, ibhizinisi lakhe labhekana nokungqubuzana okuvamile kokudlulisela izwi kumakhasimende, futhi izinhlelo zokusebenza zabonakala njengendlela elula yokuthuthukisa isisekelo samakhasimende akhe.
Wayengazi ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza empeleni zizomthathela isisekelo samakhasimende akhe asenesikhathi eside. I-Uber ayizange ithathe idatha yeklayenti hhayi kuJude kuphela kodwa nakwezinye izinkampani eziqashisayo ezizimele, futhi, futhi kude nokunikeza inkululeko noma ukuguquguquka, yalimaza imakethe yezinkampani ezincane ngokulawula idatha yeklayenti. UJude nabashayeli bakhe balahlekelwa amandla okuxoxisana ngemali yokugibela neminye imigomo yesevisi. Futhi wathola ukuthi wayengeke akwazi ukuphuma endaweni yesikhulumi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa wonke amaklayenti akhe.
Lona imodeli izinkampani ezivikela eCalifornia. Ubufakazi obubhaliwe besayithi lomkhankaso we-Prop 22 beluveza. Abakhulume nabo bavumile ukuthi basebenzisa umsebenzi we-gig ukuze bangezelele imali ejwayelekile. Bakhuluma ngesidingo “sokuxokozela.”
Nansi impendulo yakamuva evela ku-@ChopstixKisser ku-Twitter: “Wonke umnotho wegigi/imodeli yokufunwa yiyona eyenze yaphumelela. Ngenye yezinkinga zami ezimbili, enye iphethe amafulethi ayisithupha, okuwumsebenzi owanele lapho kungaba nzima kakhulu/kungenzeki kimi ukuthi ngilawule umsebenzi weSitayela se-W-2.” Okunye okuthunyelwe okuxhasiwe, okuvela ku-"Clarence," kukhazimulise iqiniso lokuthi iphosta ayiholi ngokwanele "emsebenzini wakhe wosuku" futhi idinga imali engenayo eyengeziwe. Konke kuzwakala kakhulu njengeNdiya noma iCambodia.
In the Umkhankaso we-Prop 22, izinkampani zasho ngenjabulo ukuthi “amaphesenti angu-80 abashayeli asebenza amahora angaphansi kuka-20 ngesonto.” Futhi lesi sibalo esidukisayo siphikisana nesici esibucayi semodeli yebhizinisi labo: amapulatifomu ancike cishe ngokuphelele kumaphesenti angama-20 wabasebenzi ukwenza cishe wonke umsebenzi. Abakwazanga ukuphila ngaphandle kwalawo maphesenti angu-20 esisekelo somshayeli esisebenza isikhathi esigcwele futhi esiphatha amaphesenti angu-80 wamagigi wangempela. UMary L. Gray kanye noSiddarth Suri bachaza lokhu kusatshalaliswa okudelelekile komsebenzi wegigi ngokuningiliziwe encwadini yabo enhle kakhulu. Ghost Work.
Pho kungani izinkampani zidinga amaphesenti angama-80, ahlinzeka ngengxenyana nje yabasebenzi? Enye indlela yokukubona: amaphesenti angama-80 asetshenziswa njengabasebenzi abaningi abafunwa uthuli. Ngakho-ke labo abatusa izimfanelo ezinhle zokuzijabulisa kwabo “okuguquguqukayo” kufanele bakhumbule ngokuqinile ukuthi lokhu “kuvumelana nezimo” kukhona. ngoba yabasebenzi besikhathi esigcwele abagcina inkampani ixakile.
Ngokululaza imithetho yesigaba sabasebenzi yaseCalifornia, kungenzeka ukuthi izinkampani zenza umthambeka oshelelayo ukuze zibukele phansi ngisho nokuvikela kwethu okuyisisekelo kwezabasebenzi. Ingabe singabuyela ekugqilazweni kwabantwana nasekugqilazweni namuhla? Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyize, umnotho wase-U.S. “awusathuthukisiwe.” Kunjalo ukuhlangana neminye iminotho engekho emthethweni emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukucabangela isimo somshayeli we-tuk tuk waseCambodia osesikweletu semoto yakhe futhi ongakwazi ukukhokha ngoba amapulatifomu abangela ukwehla kwemali yokugibela. Noma eNdiya lapho inyunyana ibike ukuthi abashayeli bayazibulala ngoba izimoto zabo zithathwa ngamabhange. Kuwo womabili la mazwe, ukugqilazwa ezikweletini kungaholela imikhaya yonke ebugqilini. I-Tech iguqula le minotho kodwa abasebenzi abangcono, ngakho-ke kufanele sicabange ngalezi zindlela i-United States engaguqulwa ngazo.
Ukusuka eCambodia ukuya eCalifornia kuyibanga elifushane kunalokho esingase sikucabange. I-Prop 22 izosheshisa kuphela ijubane lokuxhashazwa.
Kodwa njengoba sibona izinguquko ezenzekayo empilweni yethu yezombangazwe kazwelonke, ake sibhekise amehlo ethu egagasini lokuhlela, hhayi eCalifornia kuphela kodwa emhlabeni jikelele, elaphoqa izinkampani ukuthi ziye kulezi zinyathelo ezeqisayo ukuze zivikele isikhundla sazo. Ukuqiniseka, ukudlula kwe-Prop 22 kunemiphumela emibi uma kuvunyelwa ukuma, njengoba umkhankaso wokuvota uvumele izinkampani ukuthi zenze isibonelo esiyingozi esingenantando yeningi. Izinkampani zibhale i-Proposition 22 ukubukela phansi ukuvikelwa kwabasebenzi. Kodwa nakhu okunye abakwenzile: ukuvimbela ngempumelelo abameleli abakhethiwe ukuthi babuyekeze umthetho esikhathini esizayo.
Njengoba uBloomberg wabhala, "Ukungcwatshwa ekujuleni komthetho wesilinganiso, kuyisimiso esiyivelakancane: Ababhali bavimbela noma yiluphi ushintsho emthethweni ngaphandle uma luhambisana nenhloso yesiphakamiso futhi bangathola iningi lesikhombisa-esishiyagalombili endlini ngayinye yesishayamthetho sezwe."
Lokhu Izakhamizi United kuma-steroids.
Umkhankaso wezinkampani wokuphusha i-Prop 22 wawu umkhankaso wokuvota obiza kakhulu emlandweni waseCalifornia. Isifundo sezinkampani: imikhankaso ebizayo yokukhukhula abavoti ngolwazi lwe-disinformation isebenza kahle. Futhi kufanele silindele okuningi kwakho emikhankasweni ezayo - ngaphandle uma sikuphinda.
Nazi izindaba ezinhle. Umongameli-Okhethiwe uJoe Biden baphumele obala beseka abasebenzi, futhi baphikisana nalolu hlelo, njengoba kwenza nabanye abaningi ababengenele ukhetho lweDemocratic Alliance. Izigele uBernie Sanders kanye no-Elizabeth Warren bathathe izinyathelo eziqinile mayelana namalungelo abasebenzi be-gig, futhi sinethuba lokubabamba kulezi zikhundla. Futhi ukwesekwa kwabo akwenzekanga ngengozi, kodwa ngenxa yegagasi elikhulu labasebenzi be-gig abahlela e-United States, futhi babonakala ngokuhlela ngempumelelo kwamanye amazwe.
Izinkampani zakhele imodeli yazo yebhizinisi endlini yamakhadi, kodwa ukuhlela kubonakala kungokoqobo futhi kuhlala isikhathi eside futhi akusekelwe kulwazi oluyi-disinformation kodwa ukuphila nokwabelana ngamaqiniso. Isikhathi sokwenziwa kwenqubomgomo okusekelwe eqinisweni uma kuziwa ekuvikelweni kwabasebenzi kubo bonke abasebenzi.
U-Bama Athreya uyiNhloko Yezobulili, Ukulingana kanye Nokufakwa eLaudes Foundation. Mlandele ku-@bathreya1 noma @PodcastGig
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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