Emhlanganweni osezingeni eliphezulu ngoLwesihlanu, omongameli baseHonduras, eGuatemala nase-El Salvador bazoxoxa ngokuphepha kwesifunda nezikhulu zaseMelika naseMexico.
Umsulwa ngokwanele, ungase ucabange. Kodwa ingxenye yomhlangano izoba sesikhungweni samasosha aseMelika eMiami, eFlorida - indlunkulu yeSouthern Command yase-US, inkampani engaphansi kwePentagon yesifunda eyengamele ukusebenza kwamasosha aseMelika kulo lonke elaseMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu kanye naseCaribbean. Ngaphansi kukaMongameli uDonald Trump, impi yenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yase-US isizongena ngokujulile eMelika Ephakathi.
Ukwenziwa kwenqubomgomo yeMelika Ephakathi, okungeyona incwadi evulekile ukuqala ngayo, kuhlelwe ukuthi kube yimfihlo kakhulu. Njengoba iNkomfa Yempumelelo Nokuphepha e-Central America sekusele izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuthi ifike, ayikho i-ajenda esemthethweni yezikhulumi noma imicimbi esohlwini lwasesidlangalaleni futhi akukho ukubandakanyeka kwezinhlangano zomphakathi - ngisho nokufinyelela kwabezindaba kunqunyelwe kakhulu. Esikwaziyo ukuthi uNobhala Wezwe wase-US u-Rex Tillerson uzobe ekhona, kanjalo nePhini likaMongameli uMike Pence - futhi kunjalo, uGeneral John F. Kelly, umqondisi weHomeland Security kanye nenhloko yangaphambili ye-SOUTHCOM.
Lezi zikhulu zikahulumeni ezisezingeni eliphezulu zizojoyinwa iqoqo losomabhizinisi abasezingeni eliphezulu baseMelika Ephakathi, abamenywe engqungqutheleni ngabasingathi bayo, i-US neMexico. Isabelomali sikaTrump sibona ukwehliswa okukhulu kosizo lwezomnotho lwase-US oluya eMelika Ephakathi, ngakho-ke izikhulu zizobe zicela abadlali bezomnotho abanonya futhi abakhohlakele kakhulu ukuthi bavale isikhala.
โKumele sivikele isizwe. Kumele sivikele abantu bethu,โ unobhala Wezwe uTillerson utshele abasebenzi bakhe ngenyanga edlule engxoxweni emayelana nenqubomgomo entsha yaseWashington โAmerica Firstโ yangaphandle. โFuthi lokho singakwenza kuphela ngokuchuma kwezomnotho. Ngakho-ke inqubomgomo yezangaphandle ikhombisa amandla aqinile okuphoqelela ukuvikelwa kwenkululeko yethu ngebutho eliqinile. โ Ngokuxhumanisa impumelelo yezomnotho nokusebenza kwezempi, u-Tillerson wathumela ngocingo ukuthi amadola osizo lwangaphandle azobe ephephetha ngayiphi indlela.
Nakuba kuningi osekwenziwe ukuncishiswa kwesabelomali soMnyango Wezwe kanye ne-USAID, ungalindeli ukuthi i-US izovele ihlehle. Kunalokho, lindela amasosha ase-US ukuthi ajulise ukuzibandakanya kwawo esifundeni. Kungase kungabi khona izimemezelo zenqubomgomo esemthethweni, kodwa ukushintshwa kubonakala kungenakugwema.
Impi phakathi koMnyango Wezwe kanye nePentagon yokulawula usizo lwangaphandle - futhi ikakhulukazi "ukubambisana kwezokuphepha" - ibuyela emuva ekuphathweni kuka-Obama. Kuwo wonke u-2016, amanxusa kanye nojenene balwela ukulawula izigidigidi zamaRandi zosizo lwezokuphepha lwase-US olunikezwa unyaka nonyaka. Okumangazayo abambalwa, iPentagon iphume phezulu futhi ukhetho lukaTrump luqiniswe ngokuqhubekayo.
Kukhona okwamanje ukugunyazwa okuyingqayizivele okungaphezu kuka-80 okuvumela i-Pentagon - ngokubonisana okuncane noMnyango Wezwe - ukuletha usizo lwezokuphepha kumasosha, amaphoyisa kanye namasosha ezizwe zangaphandle. Ngosizo lwentuthuko lunciphile, ubuso be-US diplomacy esifundeni buzovame ukugqoka umfaniswano.
Ngo 2016, the IPentagon isabalalise cishe izigidi ezingama- $60 ekusizeni ukulwa nezidakamizwa eMelika Ephakathi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesabelomali soMnyango Wezwe okungenani esisobala kancane, isimo se-labyrinthine sesabelomali se-Pentagon sikwenza kube cishe cishe akunakwenzeka ukunquma ngokunembile ukuthi yimalini echithwa eMelika Ephakathi - ingasaphathwa eyokuthi ingase ibukeke kanjani ngonyaka ozayo. Kodwa njengoba uNobhala u-Kelly, owayengumkhuzi we-SOUTHCOM, ophethe, kubonakala sengathi ukwanda kwePentagon kugxile eLatin America.
UMnyango Wezwe ukhishwe inyumbazane ngaphansi kukamongameli uTrump, futhi izikhala eziningi eziphezulu zihlala zingenamuntu. Njengoba iPentagon inikwe amandla, kanye nojenene abaphezulu abagcwele umbuthano wangaphakathi kaTrump, kungenzeka ukuthi amasosha azohola inqubomgomo yase-US eMelika Ephakathi. Lokhu kuzovezwa ngokugcwele ekomkhulu le-SOUTHCOM ngaphandle kwase-Miami.
Ngosizo olukhulayo lwezokuphepha oluvela kwisabelomali se-Pentagon esingacacile, ukwengamela komphakathi kwezinhlelo zokuphepha zase-US kuba eduze kokungenzeki. Ngaphambi kwengqungquthela, amakhulu e-Central America kanye namazwe ngamazwe izinhlangano zabhala incwadi evulelekile ukuveza ukukhathazeka kwabo ngokungabi bikho obala kanye nokubonisana okuhambisana nalokhu kukhula kwezempi. Ukubamba umhlangano e-SOUTHCOM "kuzothumela uphawu oluyingozi" endaweni yenkabazwe, inqwaba yezinhlangano zexwayise uNobhala uTillerson. encwadini ehlukene.
Ukubuka intuthuko ngokusebenzisa i-prism yezokuvikela cishe kuzosho ukugxila kancane ekusebenzeni nabantu abaphansi, ekuthuthukisweni okuholwa ngumphakathi, noma ukugxila emalungelweni abantu. Amabutho ezokuphepha awo womathathu la mazwe aseNyakatho noNxantathu abathintekayo enkohlakalweni nasekwephuleni amalungelo abantu, kodwa ngokungafani noxhaso loMnyango Wezwe olunemibandela - noma ngabe izikhulu zifakazela njalo ukuthobela umbuso ngalezi zimo โ iPentagon ibhekene nemikhawulo embalwa kakhulu.
Ngo-2016, uMnyango Wezwe โ ngesicelo seCongress โ ugodle u-$5.1 wezigidigidi Kuxhaso Lwezimali Lwezempi Yangaphandle kwaze kwaba nesitifiketi sokuthi iColombia yayihlonipha amalungelo abantu. Kodwa noma yikuphi uMbuso ongase ube nawo wancipha ngokushesha. Ngawo lowo nyaka, iPentagon yanikeza ozakwabo baseColombia Usizo oluphindwe izikhathi ezingu-15 kunoMbuso obungalugodla, ngaphandle kwemibandela. (Izwe ligcine liqinisekise ukuthobela imithetho.)
Ngezinsiza ezimbalwa ezisakazwa ngezindlela zendabuko, ngaphakathi kwamanxusa ase-US esifundeni kuzoba izixhumanisi zezobunhloli, okunamathiselwe kwezokuvikela, amakholoneli eqembu lamasosha, ama-DEA agents, nezinye izikhulu zezokuphepha ezinikezwe amandla okuhola inqubomgomo yezangaphandle yase-US. Kuyoba yibo abaphethe futhi banikeze izaqathe.
Ngokulandelayo, ukugqugquzelwa kwezempi kwenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yase-US kungalindelwa ukuthi kuqhubeke nokususa ibhalansi yamandla ezepolitiki e-Central America iye kwezempi yalezo zwe. Ohulumeni bezakhamuzi babuthaka futhi bantekenteke futhi, njengoba kwabonisa ukuketulwa umbuso kuka-2009 eHonduras, kusasongelwa ngabaphezulu kwezomnotho namasosha.
Lokhu kuzokwandisa kuphela izimbangela zokwanda kodlame, ukucekelwa phansi nokufuduka okuhlasele isifunda lapho okudingekayo ohulumeni bezakhamuzi abanamandla, hhayi amasosha anamandla.
Futhi ukuba khona kweMexico akusizi ngempela. I-US ifake iMexico ukuthi iyithathele izinyathelo, icindezela abafuduki abavela emngceleni oseningizimu neGuatemala ukuze ibavimbe kahle ngaphambi kokuba bafike eRio Grande. Engqungqutheleni yezokuphepha eyedlule ngo-Ephreli, uNgqongqoshe Wezokuvikela waseGuatemala imemezele ukuthi i-SOUTHCOM izoqala ukusebenza ngokubambisana ngamabutho aseMexico naseGuatemala emngceleni wawo osenyakatho ezinyangeni ezizayo.
Uhulumeni waseColombia naye uzobe ekhona. NjengaseMexico, iPentagon iyanda ukuthembela emabuthweni ezempi aseColombia ukuqeqesha amasosha ahlangene namaphoyisa esifundeni sonke. Empeleni, i-US ikhipha ukubambisana kwayo kwezokuphepha eColombia naseMexico, amazwe amabili amasosha awo aba nesandla ekuhlukunyezweni kwamalungelo abantu kakhulu kunanoma yiliphi elinye izwe enkabeni yezwe.
Ukwakhiwa kwezempi kwenqubomgomo yase-US e-Central America kungaphezu nje kwesignali eyingozi. Kunjalo, njengoba sibonile ngokubulawa kuka-Berta Caceres e-Honduras, usongo lwangempela kuzishoshovu zezemvelo, izinhlangano zomphakathi, izinhlangano zabalimi, kanye nabanye abalwela imodeli yentuthuko enobulungiswa nobuntu esifundeni.
Njengoba bekulokhu kwenzeka eMelika Ephakathi amashumi eminyaka, izithakazelo zezomnotho nezokuphepha amasosha afanele azozivikela akuzona ezabantu abampofu nabasengozini, kodwa kunalokho ezabantu abakhethekile. NgoLwesithathu, ubani wosomabhizinisi baseMelika Emaphakathi uklonyeliswe yi-US Chamber of Commerce kanye ne-Inter-American Development Bank; ngoLwesine, izikhulu eziphezulu zakhuluma โngokuthuthukiswaโ futhi zamemezela ukutshalwa kwezimali okusha kwemboni ezimele. Okulandelayo, ngemuva kwamasango enkambu yezempi yase-US, abaholi bezombangazwe nabezempi bonke babemiselwe ukuhlela isu lokuvikela lokho kutshalwa kwezimali.
Kungase kube kuhle ezinhlotsheni ezimbalwa zezinkampani ezinkulu, ekuhlobaneni kwePentagon esifundeni, kanye nakumbutho wezokuphepha wendawo kanye nabaxhasi babo bezombusazwe, kodwa ungalindeli le ndlela yezempi yentuthuko ukuxazulula izinkinga eziqhubekayo eMelika Ephakathi.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela