Kunezici eziningana ezihlukene engxoxweni ngekusasa lamaphephandaba: umthelela wezenhlalo wokunyathelisa izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela ngesonto, isibonelo, noma umthelela wokuncishiswa endimeni yenqubomgomo yomphakathi ukuthi amaphephandaba adlala. Kodwa enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kule mpikiswano ukuqonda amaqiniso aqinile ezezimali embonini, njengoba yilokho ekugcineni okunquma ukuthi kungakanani abanikazi bamaphephandaba abazokwazi ukukwenza (uma kukhona). Kulelo phuzu, kuphume amashadi amabili kuleli sonto enza lelo phuzu libe ngcono kunanoma yini engiyibonile.
Elokuqala liyishadi elisekelwe kwizibalo ezivela iNewspaper Association of America, futhi ibonisa imali yokukhangisa yephephandaba kusukela ngo-1950 - lapho inhlangano iqala ukugcina amarekhodi - kuya ku-2012. Njengoba uprofesa wezomnotho uMark Perry ephawula ku- okuthunyelwe ku-blog ye-Carpe Diem, ishadi libonisa imali engenayo yezikhangiso ewela eweni cishe eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, ishaya ithafa elifushane maphakathi nawo-2000s bese iwa mahhala eminyakeni embalwa ezayo (lena inguqulo ebuyekeziwe. yeshadi elivele ngonyaka odlule).
Isivinini lapho izigidigidi zamadola emalini yokukhangisa zivele zihwamuke kule minyaka eyishumi edlule siyamangaza: njengoba uPerry ephawula, ngemva kokulungisa izibalo zokwehla kwamandla emali, inani eliphelele lemali esetshenziswe ezikhangisweni zokuphrinta ngonyaka odlule cishe eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-19 zamaRandi lalingaphansi kwezinga elamiswa ngo-1950. Iminyaka engama-50 - isizukulwane, ngamanye amazwi - ukuze imali engenayo yezikhangiso isuke ku- $20 billion iye esiqongweni sezigidigidi ezingama- $65 ngo-2000, kodwa kwathatha iminyaka engu-12 kuphela ukuthi leyo ntuthuko isulwe. Imali engenayo yokuphrinta yehle cishe ngamaphesenti angama-50 eminyakeni emine nje.
Yiqiniso, yonke leyo mali engenayo yokukhangisa ayizange imane ishabalale ngokuphazima kweso. Pho ishonephi uma ibingayi emaphephandabeni? Yangena ku-inthanethi, ngokwemvelo - futhi ishadi lesibili libonisa owazuza kakhulu walolo fuduko: okungukuthi, i-Google. Umxhumanisi wezindaba kanye nomhleli wangaphambili wephephandaba u-Alan Mutter uhlanganise izinombolo zakamuva zemali engenayo evela kunhlangano yephephandaba nezinombolo ezidalulwe yi-Google mayelana nemali engenayo yokukhangisa, kanye ishadi eliwumphumela libonisa ukuthi i-Google manje iletha ngokuphindwe kabili kunawo wonke amalungu emboni yamaphephandaba yaseU.S.
Ngokusho kwegrafu ka-Mutter, iphuzu le-crossover - okungukuthi, iphuzu lapho imali ekhulayo yokukhangisa ye-Google idlula imali engenayo yokuphrinta yemboni yephephandaba eyehla ngokushesha - kwenzeka ngo-2009 noma ngaphezulu. Kusukela lapho, imali engenayo ye-Google inyuke yafinyelela ku-$46 billion (lokhu empeleni imali engenayo ye-Google, kodwa iningi liwukukhangisa) kanye imali yemboni yamaphephandaba yehlile ngaphezulu kancane kuka-$20 billion. Nakuba amaphephandaba amaningi ebonakala esola i-Google ngokubhujiswa kwawo, lokhu kufana nokusola isiphepho ngokulahlekelwa yindlu yakho - kungase kube neqiniso elithile kukho, kodwa ekugcineni akusizi.
Ngokusobala, lokhu kwehla okumangazayo kumnyombo wemodeli yebhizinisi lemboni - into uMark Perry ayibiza ngokuthi "enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu." Iziphepho ze-Schumpeterian yokucekelwa phansi kobuciko eminyakeni yamuvaโ โ isiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani izinkampani zamaphephandaba zifadalala, zivala umsebenzi wazo wokunyathelisa, zihileleka emizuliswaneni elandelanayo yokudiliza nokuthatha ezinye izinyathelo zokuzama ukunciphisa izindleko. Kodwa ezimweni eziningi lokhu kufana nokuzama bamba ummese owehlayo.
Inani elikhulayo lamaphepha liphinde lisebenzise ama-paywall okubhaliselwe emzamweni wokuqinisa imali encane yokuphrinta asenayo, iningi lamaphephandaba amakhulu ukuba nohlobo oluthile lomgoqo. Kodwa ngenkathi i-NAA iphawula ukuthi imali engenayo evela kokubhaliselwe ikhuphuke ngamaphesenti angu-5 ngonyaka odlule, lokho kuwukwehla okuncane ebhakedeni elikhulu. Njengoba Umlobi weReuters uFelix Salmon uphawule muva nje:
โEmbonini efayo, into ephusile ongayenza wukukhulisa imali engenayo ngaphambi kokuthi ufe. Ama-Paywall angase enze imali yamaphephandaba. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi amaphephandaba awafi. Ngokuphambene nalokho.โ
Note: Abanye abafundi baveze ukuthi ishadi lika-Mutter liqhathanisa imali engenayo yephephandaba lase-U.S. nokuthengiswa kokukhangisa komhlaba wonke kwe-Google, okuyiqiniso. Ngokwezilinganiso zakamuva ze-eMarketer, i-Google iletha imali elinganiselwa ku-$15 billion yemali engenayo yezikhangiso e-United States. Ngakho-ke hhayi kakhulu njengemboni yamaphephandaba, kodwa vala - futhi leso sibalo siyenyuka, kuyilapho imali yephephandaba isehla.
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Nikela