NgeSonto, uMongameli Trump wamemezela inhloso yakhe ukwenza labo ababhekene nezinsolo zokuhlasela kwezikhali zamakhemikhali eDouma, okuhlanganisa nohulumeni waseSyria nabalingani bakhe baseRussia nase-Iran, bakhokhe “inani elikhulu” ngokuqhubeka kwabo ngokungawuhloniphi umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Ngosuku olulandelayo Inxusa laseMelika kuNhlangano Yezizwe uNikki Haley umemezele lokho "Izwe laseMelika lizimisele ngokubona lesi silo esawisa izikhali zamakhemikhali kubantu baseSyria."
UMongameli uTrump ugcizelele isicelo sakhe sokuthatha isinyathelo NgoMsombuluko, iphawule ukuthi i-United States ngeke ihlale phansi ibhekane nezinsolo zokusebenzisa izikhali zamakhemikhali yiSyria. "Kuzohlangatshezwana nazo, futhi kuzohlangatshezwana nazo ngamandla," kusho umengameli, enezela ukuthi labo abathintekayo kulokhu kuhlasela bazoziphendulela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiSyria, iRussia, i-Iran noma "zonke zihlangene." UTrump waphawula ukuthi isinqumo sokusebenzisa amasosha sizothathwa “emahoreni angu-24 kuya kwangu-48 alandelayo.”
Izimemezelo zezinyathelo zezempi eziseduze ze-United States azenziwa ngaphandle kwesikhala. I-Russia, enamasosha amaningi afakwe ngaphakathi kweSyria, okuhlanganisa izindiza zezempi ezithuthukisiwe kanye namabhethri e-missile anti-aircraft, uzichithile izinsolo zokusetshenziswa kwezikhali zamakhemikhali yiSyria "njengentokozo," futhi wathembisa ukuthi noma yikuphi ukuhlaselwa kweSyria kuzoholela "kumiphumela emibi." Kubikwa ukuthi amasosha aseRussia angaphakathi eSyria abekwe "isixwayiso esigcwele" njengoba imikhumbi yasolwandle yaseMelika ekwazi ukuqhumisa imicibisholo ye-cruise isifikile ogwini lwaseSyria.
I-United States neRussia zibukeka zibheke ekubhekaneni ngqo namasosha okuthi, kuye ngezinga lamandla asetshenzisiwe kanye nenani, uma likhona, abalimala abadalwe nhlangothi zombili, elihambisana nobungozi bokungqubuzana okubanzi. Ngenkathi izimangalo zaseRussia (nezaseSyria) zokungabi nacala mayelana nokuhlaselwa kwezikhali zamakhemikhali okusolwa ukuthi azikwazi ukwamukelwa ngokusobala, iqiniso lokuthi i-United States ayizange izisekele izimangalo zayo nganoma yini enye ngaphandle kokuphindaphinda izinsolo ezenziwa amaqembu amavukelambuso aphikisana nomthetho. umbuso kaBashar al-Assad uyinkinga njengoba ukhombisa ukuphuthuma ekwahluleleni ezindabeni zempi. Uma kubhekwa imiphumela engase ibe yingozi yanoma yikuphi ukungqubuzana kwamasosha ase-US-Russian ngokumelene neSyria, kungaba ngcono ukuthi zonke izinhlangothi ezithintekayo zilinde uphenyo oluphelele noluphelele lokuhlasela okusolwayo ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe noma yisiphi isinqumo sokugcina mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamandla ekuphenduleni.
Kunezinguqulo ezimbili zalokho okwenzeka eDouma, indawo engaphansi kweDamaseku ehlala abantu abaphakathi kuka-80,000 no-150,000. Le okuthenjelwe kuyo yi-United States ihlinzekwa ngamavukelambuso aphikisana noMengameli waseSyria uBashar al-Assad. Ngokusho kwe Isikhungo Sokuphulwa Kwemibhalo (VDC), inhlangano engenzi nzuzo eyakhiwe ngamaqembu ahlukene aphikisayo aseSyria axhaswa ngabakwa- I-Asfari Foundation kanye noGeorge Soros I-Open Societies Foundation, ku cishe ngo-12. iSyrian Air Force ihlasele eduze kweSaada Bakery usebenzisa izikhali okukholelwa ukuthi “ziqukethe igesi enobuthi.” I-VDC icaphune ama-akhawunti owazibonela ngawakhe amalungu eSyrian Civil Defense, noma “Izigqoko Ezimhlophe,” owachaza iphunga le-chlorine kanye nokuba khona kwenqwaba yemizimba eyahlolwa ukuthi iphume igesi eyatholwa “erokhethi” yaseSyria. Kamuva, ngo-7 p.m., isiteleka sesibili somoya sahlasela indawo eseduze kwaseMartyr’s Square, saphinde sasebenzisa izikhali ezahlolwa ngofakazi bokuzibonela ukuthi zaziqukethe “igesi enobuthi.” Odokotela abavela I-Syrian American Medical Society (SAMS) wachaza izimpawu ezazibonisa ukuthi kwakusetshenziswe i-nerve. Izithombe zezisulu ezindaweni okusolwa ukuthi zihlaselwe zikhishwe yinkundla yezokuxhumana edlelana namavukelambuso eyaziwa ngele- "Douma Revolution" kanye “Nezigqoko Zokuzivikela Ezimhlophe.”
IDouma iyingxenye yesifunda esikhulu esaziwa ngokuthi yi-Eastern Ghouta, kusukela ngowezi-2012, ibingaphansi kwezinhlangano ezahlukene zamaphekula eziphikisana nombuso kaMengameli waseSyria uBashar al-Assad. Ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari 2018, Amasosha aseSyria, asekelwa Umbutho Wezempi WaseRussia, aqala ukusebenza ukuze athathe kabusha isifunda sase-Eastern Ghouta. Ukuhlasela okuhlangene kweSyria-Russian bekunonya njengoba kwakusebenza-ngoMashi, i-Eastern Ghouta yayisihlukaniswe emaphaketheni amathathu okumelana nezindleko zokufa kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-1,600. Amaphakethe amabili ahoxisiwe ngaphansi kwemibandela yokuthi abaphikisi kanye nemindeni yabo bathuthelwe endaweni ephethwe amavukelambuso esifundazweni esisenyakatho neSyria, i-Idlib. U-Douma kuphela owabambile, lapho ama-Salafist fighters avela “eButhweni LamaSulumane” (uJaish al-Islam) enqaba ukuzinikela. Ngomhla zi-5 kuMbasa, isimo sase sibi ngaphakathi eDouma kangangokuthi abavikeli bamavukela-mbuso bavuma izingxoxo ezazizoholela ekukhishweni kwabo eDouma; Nokho, ngakusasa, lezi zingxoxo zase ziphelile, futhi amasosha aseSiriya aqala kabusha ukuhlasela kwawo. Ukuhlasela emoyeni okuchazwe yi-VDC kwenzeka ngosuku lwesibili lokuphinda kuqale phansi ukulwa.
Kukhona ukulandisa okuncintisanayo, nokho, olunikezwa uhulumeni waseRussia nalabo abazwelana nesimo sawo. Ngemuva kokuwohloka kwezingxoxo phakathi kwamavukelambuso aseDouma nohulumeni waseRussia ngo-Ephreli 6, indaba iyahamba, uhulumeni waseSyria ocasulayo ukukhulula iDouma waqala kabusha. Amavukelambuso aseDouma, abebhekene nengwadla yokuhlulwa, akha izinsolo zokuhlasela kwamakhemikhali. IRussia yayixwayise ngokucasuka okunjalo emuva ngoMashi 2018, ethi amavukelambuso asebenza ngokubambisana ne-United States ukudala izimo zokuhlasela okukhulu kwezindiza zaseMelika ngokumelene nengqalasizinda kahulumeni waseSyria.
Ngokushesha ngemva kokuba uhulumeni waseSyria eqale kabusha ukuhlasela iDouma (nangemva kokuba amabutho aphikisayo ememezele izinsolo zawo zokuhlasela kwezikhali zamakhemikhali zikahulumeni waseSyria), ukuphikiswa kwamavukelambuso ngaphakathi kwaseDouma kwabhidlika, kwathi abalwi bavuma ukuthi bathuthelwe e-Idlib. I Amasosha aseRussia akwazile ukuthumela amayunithi ezindaweni okusolwa kuzo izikhali zamakhemikhali futhi wenze ucwaningo. Ngokwezindaba zaseRussia eziphethwe uhulumeni, abukho ubufakazi bokuhlasela kwezikhali zamakhemikhali obutholakele. Abamele i-Syria Red Crescent abathi bake basebenza eDouma bathi ababubonanga ubufakazi banoma yiziphi izikhali zamakhemikhali ezisetshenziswa lapho, noma.
Nokho, ngaphezu kokunikeza indatshana encintisanayo, IRussia ithembise ukuvula iDouma kubahloli abavela ku Inhlangano Yokuvimbela Izikhali Zamakhemikhali, noma i-OPCW, ukuze kwenziwe uphenyo olugcwele. Lokhu kunikezwa kwaba kwenanelwe uhulumeni waseSyria, edlulise isimemo esisemthethweni sokuthi i-OPCW ize e-Douma. Ngo-April 10, i-OPCW yamemezela ukuthi izothumela ithimba elihlolayo “maduze” ukuze liqhube lo msebenzi. Amakhono ophenyo ochwepheshe be-forensic ethimba labahloli be-OPCW anjalo kangangokuthi lizokwazi ukubona ukuba khona kwanoma iyiphi i-ejenti yamakhemikhali esetshenziswa e-Douma. Nakuba uphenyo ngokwalo luzothatha izinsuku ukuba luqhutshwe kanye namasonto lucutshungulwa, iziphetho zalo, ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, ziyoba umphetho mayelana nokuba khona kwanoma iyiphi into enqatshelwe.
Esinye isici esikhulu esibuyisela emuva kunoma yiluphi uphenyo lwe-OPCW ukungakwazi kwayo ukuhlola isibopho sokuba khona kwanoma yiziphi izinto ezivinjelwe ezitholiwe. Ophenyweni lwangaphambilini ngaphakathi kweSyria, i-OPCW ikwazile ukusebenza njengengxenye ye- I-United Nations Joint Investigative Mechanism (JIM), ibhizinisi elinikezwe amandla ngokukhethekile ngesinqumo soMkhandlu Wezokuphepha ukwenza izinqumo ezinjalo. I igunya le-JIM alinwetshwanga, nokho, ngemuva kokuthi iRussia izwakalise ukungenami kwayo ngalokho ekubona njengokunganembile nokunepolitiki okutholakele mayelana nezinsolo zangaphambilini zokusetshenziswa kwezikhali zamakhemikhali nguhulumeni waseSyria. I-United States ithumele isinqumo kuMkhandlu Wezokuphepha ifuna ukuthi kwakhiwe uhlaka olusha lwabaphenyi oluzokwazi ukunikeza noma yikuphi ukuhlaselwa kwezikhali zamakhemikhali ngaphakathi kweSyria; ukuthi iRussia izosiphikisa isinqumo esinjalo noma isivumele ukuthi siphasiswe akukabonakali.
Okubalulekile nokho wukuthi iMelika isabisa ngokungena impi eSyria ngenxa yezinsolo zokusetshenziswa kwezikhali zamakhemikhali obungakanikeziwe ubufakazi bangempela bazo. Lesi senzo senzeka njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi uphenyo oluqinisekisiwe lwe-forensic, okungenani, luqinisekise ukuba khona kwezikhali zamakhemikhali (ngaleyo ndlela kuphikisana nezimangalo zaseRussia zokuthi abukho ubufakazi obunjalo obutholwa amasosha alo), futhi uma uMkhandlu Wezokuphepha uphasisa isinqumo. okuvumela ithimba lophenyo eligunyazwe ngokufanelekile, ukuchasisa kwangempela kunganikezwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukujaha kukaMongameli uTrump ukwahlulela icala laseSyria kwenziwa endaweni enepolitiki enkulu, kuza njengoba kwenzeka ezithendeni ze i-FBI igasele emahhovisi ommeli kamongameli. Ezikhathini ezinjengalezi, umongameli uvame ukukhangwa ithemba "lokubheka umongameli" ukuze axazulule izinkinga zomuntu siqu (umuntu udinga kuphela ukubuka uMongameli Clinton. isinqumo ngo-August 1998, ekuphakameni kwehlazo likaLewinsky, ukuqalisa ukuhlasela kwe-cruise missile e-Afghanistan naseSudan.)
Uma iMelika izobeka amasosha ayo engcupheni, idinga ukweseka isizathu esifanele ukuzidela okucelwe kulabo abasebenzayo. Ukunikeza i-OPCW isikhathi sokwenza uphenyo lwayo eSyria kuzovumela icala elisekelwe eqinisweni ukuthi lenziwe ukuthi amasosha afanelekile noma cha, kanye nokusekela ukuzimisela kokuthi izingozi ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwamandla zazifanelekile noma cha. Ukudonsa isisekelo solwazi olunjalo, ikakhulukazi lapho uTrump ephazanyiswa yizindaba zomuntu siqu zezepolitiki, akuyona into abantu baseMelika, noma abameleli babo kuCongress, okufanele bayibekezelele.
UScott Ritter wayeyisikhulu sezobunhloli baseMarine Corps owayesebenza ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union esebenzisa izivumelwano zokulawula izikhali, ePersian Gulf ngesikhathi se-Operation Desert Storm, nase-Iraq eqondise ukuchithwa kwezikhali kwe-WMD. Ungumbhali we Idili Lekhulu Leminyaka: I-Iran Ivimbe Kanjani Indlela Yasentshonalanga Eya Empini.
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Hhayi-ke, kune-disinformation bese kuba nethiyori yokuqamba uzungu ngakho-ke kuthiwani ngale: Umbhikisho we-Right To Return uqala eGaza futhi uhlangatshezwana nokubulawa kuka-Israyeli, bese u-Israel ehlasela iSyria (futhi, i-ad infinitum), bese kuqhuma izikhali zamakhemikhali eDouma nasemhlabeni. yeka ukubheka eGaza (futhi). Obani abazuzayo? Ubani onekhono lokuhlasela okunjalo? O, futhi ngubani ngaphandle kwamaMelika onikeza i-fuk mayelana nezivunguvungu zase-US?