Izindatshana eziningi mayelana nempi eqhubekayo eYemen ziyatholakala ku-inthanethi. Kodwa abambalwa, okungenani ekulinganisweni kwami, banikeza isikhala lapho amazwi abantu baseYemini angazwakala khona. Kulesi sihloko, ngaphezu kokunikeza amazwibela odweshu, ngifake namazwi nezindaba zezakhamuzi ezibanjwe empini. Ngiyethemba ukuthi izindaba zabo zizodlulisa kangcono izimo ezidabukisayo zokuphila kwabo—into nje izibalo nokuhlaziya okungase kwehluleke ukuyenza.
Okulandelayo ngilandelela umsuka wempi yombango yaseYemen kulokho okubizwa nge-“Arab Spring” futhi ngikhombisa ukuthi ukwesekwa kwe-US ekungeneleleni okuholwa yiSaudi empini kuye kwabhebhethekisa kanjani ukuhlupheka kwabantu baseYemini ngenkathi besebenzela izithakazelo zosonkontileka bezempi. . Ngaphansi kwerubrikhi yokusiza iSaudi Arabia ekulweni nethonya elisolwa yi-Iran, abaphathi bakaTrump babeka inzuzo ngokuthengiswa kwezikhali ngaphambi kokunciphisa usongo lwendlala eseduze, ukusabalala kwezifo nobumpofu, kanye nenani elikhulayo lokufa kwabantu.
Okuqukethwe okuthile
Khumbula "i-Arab Spring," lelo gama elidukisayo, elimaphakathi ne-Euro elisetshenziswa ukukhombisa inkathi yoshintsho olukhulu lwezepolitiki eMpumalanga Ephakathi? Kwaqala ngasekupheleni kuka-2010 eTunisia lapho umthengisi wezithelo nemifino ompofu ezikhela ngomlilo phambi kwebhilidi likahulumeni. Le nsizwa—uMohamed Bouazizi—yayiwukuphela kwayo yondla unina ongumfelokazi nezingane zakubo eziyisithupha. Amaphoyisa endawo ayefuna ukubona imvume yomthengisi wakhe; wayengenayo. Ngakho bazama ukumphuca inqola yakhe. UMnu Bouazizi wamelana; inqola yayiwukuphela kwendlela ayeziphilisa ngayo. Ukwenqaba kwakhe kuthiwa kwenze iphoyisa lesifazane lamshaya ngempama. Lesi senzo sokuhlazisa umphakathi cishe saba utshani lokugcina kuMnu. Bouazizi. Impofu kakhulu futhi ingenayo enye indlela yokusekelwa ngaphandle kwenqola yayo, le nsizwa yathatha impilo yayo njengendlela yokumelana nesimo esingenathemba lapho uhulumeni nezisebenzi zakhe ezihlukahlukene bevimbe zonke izindlela zokuphuma empilweni ephila ngesithunzi.
Ukushona kwakhe kuqubule imibhikisho ezweni lonke. Amazwi asekela intando yeningi ayefuna ukuthi uMengameli waseTunisia ofakwe ngesandla sensimbi uZine El Abidine Ben Ali kanye nombuso wakhe badedele amandla. Wawuthola lo mlayezo kwathi ngemva kwenyanga eyodwa wavala isitolo waphuma ngesivinini ephuma edolobheni. Kwaqala kanjalo-ke—umlilo wequbula owasakazekela ngokushesha emazweni aseMpumalanga Ephakathi naseNyakatho Afrika lapho abantu bevukela khona izinduna zabo ezicindezelayo. Kwakungekho lutho olufana nentwasahlobo kulokhu kuvukela umbuso. Futhi abazange bamele ukuphaphama okungazelelwe kwezixuku zama-Arabhu ebukhazikhazini bentando yeningi nobunxiwankulu. Kunalokho, imibhikisho nemibhikisho yanikeza isimemo esihlanganisayo sokuvukela umbuso, isithunzi, nokubuyiselwa kwamalungelo abantu ayisisekelo—lokho izizukulwane zemibuso yengcindezelo ezazikuphikile. (Amagama esi-Arabhu, ahunyushwe ngokuthi thatha, karama, Futhi haqoKwezinye izimo, imibhikisho emikhulu yaholela ekudlulisweni kwamandla okunokuthula, nakuba okwesikhashana kanye nesikhathi esifushane senkululeko enkulu yamasiko nezombusazwe. E-Syria nase-Yemen, imibhikisho yahlangana nokudilizwa kukahulumeni kanye nokuvela kwamaqembu alwayo abesengena ezimpini zombango.
I-Yemen: I-Fuse i-Lit
Abaholi bezizwe nabamasosha abanamandla bahambisana nababhikishi abalwela intando yeningi abafuna uMengameli u-Ali Abdullah Saleh ehle esikhundleni. Kuqubuka imibhikisho okokuqala ngqa ngoMasingana wezi-2011. Ukungaphumeleli kwezingxoxo phakathi kwabathembekile namalungu aphikisayo kuholela ezimpini edolobheni iSana'a, inhloko-dolobha yaseYemen. NgoNovemba, ezinyangeni eziyishumi kamuva, uMongameli Saleh unikeza isekela lakhe u-Abd Rabbuh Mansour Hadi amandla.
UHadi uthatha amandla ngemva kokhetho lapho kunguye yedwa ikhandidethi. Phakathi nengxoxo kazwelonke elandelayo, izinhlangothi ezilwayo zizama ukubuyisana ukungezwani kwazo. Ngo-2014, izingxoxo zehlulekile. Ecasulwe ukwehluleka kukaMongameli Hadi ukufaka abamele amaHouthi kuhulumeni wakhe, ama-Houthi fighters asuka enyakatho yezwe alawula inhloko-dolobha. (AmaHouthi ayingxenye yeqembu elincane lezenkolo i-Zaidi, ihlumela le-Shia Islam. Inhlangano ephikisayo yama-Houthi, noma i-Ansar Allah, iqanjwe ngo-Hussein Badreddin al-Houthi owasungula le nhlangano ngeminyaka yawo-1990s ngokwengxenye ngenxa yethonya elikhulayo leSalafist yaseSaudi Arabia. Imibono yamaSunni eYemen.)
UMongameli Hadi ubalekela edolobheni eliyitheku lase-Aden futhi udlulele eSaudi Arabia. Umbusi wezwe, iNkosi uSalman, uqinisekile ukuthi amaHouthi angabameleli base-Iran. Ezimisele ukuvimbela i-Iran ekutholeni indawo esifundeni, uhlela umfelandawonye wezempi wezizwe eziningi zamaSunni Arab.
"Impi Yokukhetha" kaMongameli Obama
NgoMashi 2015, umfelandawonye oholwa yiSaudi uyangenelela empini yombango yaseYemen. Enye yezinhloso zayo eziyinhloko ukubuyisela amandla kuhulumeni kaMongameli Hadi kanye nokuqeda ukuvukela umbuso. Ukusabela ekuqubukeni kokulwa okungazelelwe, izindaba zokuphatha kuka-Obama ukukhululwa kwezindaba imemezela ukusekela kwayo umfelandawonye wezempi futhi iqala ukusheshisa ukulethwa kwezikhali ezizweni ezihilelekile:
AMABLOCKQUOTES
Ukusabela esimeni esiwohlokayo sezokuphepha, iSaudi Arabia, amalungu eGulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nabanye bazothatha izinyathelo zempi ukuze bavikele umngcele waseSaudi Arabia kanye nokuvikela uhulumeni osemthethweni waseYemen. Njengoba kumenyezelwe ngamalungu e-GCC ekuqaleni kusihlwa, bathatha lesi sinyathelo ngesicelo sikaMongameli waseYemeni u-Abdo Rabbo Mansour Hadi.
I-United States isebenzisana eduze ne-Saudi Arabia kanye nozakwethu be-GCC ezindabeni ezihlobene nokuvikeleka kwabo kanye nezintshisakalo zethu ezabiwe. Ukweseka izenzo ze-GCC zokuvikela udlame lwamaHouthi, UMongameli u-Obama ugunyaze ukuhlinzekwa kosizo lwezokuthutha kanye nezobunhloli emisebenzini yezempi eholwa yi-GCC. [Omalukeke bangezami.] Nakuba amabutho ase-US engathathi isinyathelo sezempi esiqondile e-Yemen ukuze sisekele lo mzamo, sisungula Iseli Elihlanganyelwe Lokuhlela ne-Saudi Arabia ukuze lixhumanise ukwesekwa kwezempi yase-US nezobunhloli.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-4 yezinxushunxushu, “impi yokuzikhethela” ka-Obama isingene enkingeni embi kakhulu yabantu emhlabeni. Njengoba ungalindela, izakhamuzi zaseYemen zikhokha inani eliphakeme kakhulu ngodlame oluqhubekayo. Ngokombiko wakamuva ka I-Human Rights Watch zonke izinhlangothi kule ngxabano zephule umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe ngaphandle kokuziphendulela:
AMABLOCKQUOTES
Amasosha amaHouthi asebenzise amabhomu agqitshwayo avinjelwe abantu, abuthe izingane, futhi adubula nezibhamu ngokungakhethi emadolobheni anjengeTaizz ne-Aden, abulala futhi alimaza izakhamuzi, futhi afaka amarokhethi ngokungakhethi eSaudi Arabia.
Zombili izinhlangothi zihlukumeze, zasabisa futhi zahlasela izishoshovu nezintatheli zaseYemeni. Amasosha amaHouthi, amabutho asebenzisana nohulumeni, kanye ne-UAE kanye namasosha ase-Yemeni asekelwa yi-UAE abophe amaphuzu ngokungafanele noma anyamalala ngenkani. Amasosha amaHouthi athathe izithunjwa. Amabutho e-Aden ashaya, adlwengula, futhi ahlukumeza abafuduki ababoshiwe.
Umlilo Owenziwe Umuntu
Ngaphezu kwalawa macala, amaHouthis kanye nomfelandawonye oholwa yiSaudi kwenze isimo sobuntu esivele siyinhlekelele saba sibi kakhulu ngokuvimba noma ukushaqa ukudla, izinsiza zokwelapha, kanye nophethiloli odingekayo ukuze kugcinwe amajeneretha ezibhedlela esebenza kanye nokumpompa amanzi ezindlini. Umbiko ogunyazwe yi-UN okwenziwa yiNyuvesi yaseDenver uthola ukuthi izakhamizi eziningi zaseYemen zibulawa indlala, izifo, nokuntuleka kwemitholampilo yezempilo kunokulwa kwangempela. Ekupheleni kuka-2019, balinganiselwa ku-131,000 Yemenis abazobe sebeshonile ngenxa yale miphumela yokubambisa yempi kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwengqalasizinda yabantu, okuhlanganisa nokuqondiswa kwezibhedlela yizindiza zaseSaudi. Iminyaka emine yempi ibe nomphumela omubi kakhulu kwabesifazane abakhulelwe nomama abasanda kuzalwa abangondlekile kahle. Ngo-2018 babalelwa ku-410,000 abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abancelisa ibele ababonwa abasebenzi basemtholampilo wezempilo abanenkinga yokungondleki. NgokukaDkt. Mariam Aldogani, Umphathi womkhakha we-Save the Children edolobheni elisethekwini laseHodeidah, “Lokhu kuwumphumela onwabuzelayo kodwa oyinhlekelele wengxabano enonya. Sihlale sibona abesifazane abakhulelwe abalambile bephila ngokudla kanye nje kwesinkwa netiye ngosuku. Abaningi beza emitholampilo yethu bengakwazi ukuhamba, bekhathele kakhulu ngenxa yokungatholi ukudla okwanele.”
Ukungondleki komama kusongela kokubili umama nengane, futhi kungenye yezimbangela eziphambili zokuphuphuma kwezisu kanye nezifo, ukuntula amavithamini kakhulu, nokwesaba. Izingane ezisindayo zingase zizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, zibe nesisindo esiphansi, futhi zingakhuli kahle, okunemiphumela emibi, yesikhathi eside ekukhuleni komntwana engqondweni nasemzimbeni. UDkt. Hayat, okwaxoxwa naye izisebenzi zasensimini zeSave the Children umbiko wamuva, ichaze imiphumela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokungondleki komama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa:
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Ukukhulelwa kuqhubeka ngokujwayelekile kodwa ngenxa yokungondleki uma efika enyangeni ethile, uphuphunyelwa yizisu. Kusenjalo [umndeni] ungibiza uthi uzwa ubuhlungu, ngiye kuye. Wayeyopha kakhulu, futhi samthatha nge-ambulensi saya edolobheni. Ngeke kube khona into engingamenzela yona.
Ukuvinjwa ngezikhathi ezithile kweSaudi emadolobheni ase-Yemen, asekelwa yi-US kanye ne-UK, kubekwe umkhawulo wokungeniswa kwezikhali emaqenjini alwayo. Ngeshwa, ukuvinjelwa kuphinde kuvimbele ukulethwa kwezinto ezibalulekile zokusiza abantu njengezidakamizwa nezinto zokwelapha. Intatheli uPeter Osborne, ebikela I-Middle East Iso ngo-2016, wakhuluma noDkt. Ahmed al-Haifi enhlokodolobha yase-Yemeni yase-Sana'a mayelana nemiphumela yalokhu kuvinjwa:
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[UDkt.] al-Haifi ulinganisela ukuthi abantu abangu-25 babefa nsuku zonke esibhedlela ngenxa yokuswela izinto zokwelapha. 'Asikwazi ukuthola izinto zokwelapha,' [esho.] 'Izinzwa. Imithi yezinso. Kunezingane ezifela kuma-incubator ngoba asikwazi ukuthola izinto zokuzelapha. Bakubiza ngokufa kwemvelo, kodwa akunjalo. Ukube sinemithi ngabe ayifanga. Ngibathatha njengokungathi babulawe yizindiza, ngoba ukube sinemithi ngabe basaphila.'
Selokhu kwaqala impi, kuye kwaba khona cishe Bangu-12,000 abashonile kusukela ekuqondisweni ngqo kwezakhamuzi. Kulokhu, cishe ama-70% avela ezitelekeni zezindiza eziholwa yi-Saudi ezibhedlela, ezindlini, ezikoleni, ezimbonini nasezimakethe, phakathi kwezinye izinhloso zomphakathi. Ngamanye amazwi, umfelandawonye, osizwa futhi oxhaswe yi-US ne-UK, unesibopho sokufa kwabantu abaningi. Ukuzibandakanya ngokulinganayo ekwandiseni lesi sibhicongo yimithombo yethu yezindaba ejwayelekile, equkethwe ukunikeza uDonald Trump nochungechunge lwakhe olungaguquki lwamanga namacala okusakazwa okukhulu kuyilapho engasho neze ukuchitheka kwegazi kanye nesiphithiphithi eYemen—imiphumela edabukisayo yesifiso sabaphathi sokugcina abenzi bezikhali base-US ( U-Raytheon, u-Boeing, u-Lockheed Martin, et al) ukhuluphele kanye ne-sassy kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zingaki izimpilo ezilahlekile kule nqubo, futhi igcina ubudlelwano obuzuzisayo nabalingani bayo base-Persian Gulf, ikakhulukazi i-Saudi Arabia.
Ukuhlola kwe-UN, ngaphandle kokukhetha, kwembula iqiniso elibuhlungu kubantu baseYemen. Impi kanye nokubhidlika komnotho kubeke izwe enkingeni yendlala. Ngokusho kwe I-UN Office Yokuxhumaniswa Kwezisebenzi Zokusiza, “Kulinganiselwa ukuthi amaphesenti angu-80 enani labantu—abantu abayizigidi ezingu-24—badinga uhlobo oluthile losizo lobuntu noma lokuvikela, kuhlanganise nezigidi ezingu-14.4, noma amaphesenti angu-53 abantu, abasengozini yokufa indlala. Cishe izingane ezingu-400,000 zaseYemeni zihlushwa ukungondleki kahle, okuzenza zibe sengozini yokuthola izifo, izifo, nokudumazeka.”
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Lapho singena endlini kaSuad sabona ukuthi yayinekamelo lokulala elilodwa kuphela, ikhishi nendlu yokugezela. Amalungu omndeni amahlanu ahlala kule ndlu encane. Ikhishi likaSuad lalingenalutho ngokuphelele. Lapho ngimbuza ukuthi uzinikani izingane zakhe ezine ukuba zidle, wathi: ‘Sekuphele cishe izinsuku ezimbili singadli lutho, ngaphandle kocezu lwesinkwa esalinikwa umakhelwane wami.’— 18/15 "Impi Nendlala: Izindaba zabesifazane abadonsa kanzima ukondla izingane zabo eYemen."
Ukuhlaselwa kwengqalasizinda yabantu kulimaze kakhulu ikhono lezwe lokuhlinzeka ngamanzi ahlanzekile kanye nezinsizakalo zezokwelapha. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, izifo ezigwemeka kalula ziyasabalala. I-UN Refugee Agency (I-UNHCR) ibika ukuthi manje sekunabaseYemeni abayizigidi eziyi-1.1 abaphethwe ikholera. Abantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezi-3 baseYemenis abashiye amakhaya abo ngenxa yodlame sebephenduke amakhaya noma babalekela emazweni angomakhelwane njenge-Oman, Djibouti, Sudan, Somalia, kanye neSaudi Arabia. Izigidi zangempela zabantu baseYemenis abafudukisiwe balwela ukuphila ezindaweni zokukhosela zesikhashana. U-Ansar Rasheed, isikhulu se-UNICEF, ikhulume nomndeni ka-Sayeed Othman, unjiniyela kagesi ovela esifundeni sase-Yemeni sase-Taiz. Umndeni wabalekela e-Djibouti uyofuna impilo engcono. USayeed nomkakhe banezingane ezingu-7 ezisukela kwengu-3 kuya kwengu-17 ubudala.
AMABLOCKQUOTES
Sayeed: Lapha, siphila esihogweni. Asikwazi ukuthenga ukudla okukodwa ngosuku futhi nginemilomo eminingi kakhulu engingayidla. Ngifisa sengathi impi inganqamuka ukuze ngibuyele ezweni lami ngiyohlala ngesithunzi nezingane zami.
UReymas, indodakazi kaSayeed eneminyaka engu-11 ubudala: Anginaso isifiso sika-2019. Ngilahlekelwe amaphupho ami. Ngalahla ithemba. Ngifuna iphele le mpilo ukuze umndeni wami ungabe usahlupheka.
U-Khayzaran, 17, indodakazi endala kaSayeed: Impilo yethu ayinakusasa. Silwela ukuzondla futhi siphile. Sisezweni okungelona elethu, sizungezwe abantu esingabazi. Bengilokhu ngifisa ukuya enyuvesi ngibe udokotela, kodwa ngaphelelwa yithemba lokuthi amaphupho ami azofezeka.
Peter Osborne, okukhulunywe ngaye ekuqaleni, wahamba kulo lonke elaseYemen eyobika ngempi nemiphumela yayo kubantu. Ohambweni oluya enyakatho yezwe, wabona “amatende acasulayo” egxunyekwe abantu “ababeyizisulu zeHouthi kanye nodlame lwaseSaudi.” Kula makamu ababaleki, “Amanzi noma ukudla mancane, futhi satshelwa ukuthi izinhlangano ezisiza abantu azizange zinikezwe.” Kwelinye lamatende umama oneminyaka engu-30 ubudala, uNouria Awbali, uchaze ngohambo olunzima yena nezingane zakhe ezi-5 abaluthathe bebalekela impi ngemva kokuhlasela kwendiza okubulale umyeni wakhe kwalimaza ezintathu zezingane zakhe:
AMABLOCKQUOTES
'Zaziziningi izindiza. Indodakazi yami uNaria yeza kimi yathi: “Isibhakabhaka siyavutha.”
Ngemuva kwalokho isiteleka sokuqala sasemoyeni sashaya futhi uNaria oneminyaka engu-13 ubudala wathola amanxeba ajulile e-shrapnel engalweni yakhe. UNaria wayesezinhlungwini ezijulile futhi uvame ukudlikizeka lapho indiza ihamba phezulu. Basuke be serious kangangoba kumele abanjwe ngenkani. Isandla sakhe sokunene sishwabene.
Umkhaya wawugijima usuka emzaneni uye kwelinye, kodwa yonke indawo kwakuneziteleka zezindiza. UNkk Awbali wayekhulelwe kakhulu ngesikhathi impi iqala futhi wabeletha indodakazi yakhe uRegan njengoba babebalekela igagasi elisha lokuhlasela kweSaudi. Usitshele ukuthi isenzo sakhe sokuqala ngemva kokubeletha kwaba ukugxumela phezu kwengane ukuze ayivikele njengoba kuqhuma ibhomu eduze.
'Sibanjwe phakathi. Ngelinye ilanga babezositshela ukuthi yinkosi uSalman esishayayo. Ngakusasa kwakungamaHouthi kanye [nowayengumongameli] uSaleh. Bonke bebesishaya.'
UJonathan Moyer, umbhali oholayo wombiko ogunyazwe yi-UN ocashunwe ngenhla, uthi impi “ingenye yezingxabano zangaphakathi ezinethonya elikhulu kusukela ekupheleni kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi. Ngokuhambisana ne-Iraq, iSierra Leone, iLiberia neDemocratic Republic of Congo.” Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi lezisulu zempi yizingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwemihlanu. Ingane eyodwa ibulawa ukulwa noma imiphumela yempi njalo ngemizuzu engu-12. Ukungondleki kahle, isifo sohudo, noma izifo zokuphefumula ziphakathi kwezimbangela eziphambili zokufa kwabantu ngenxa yemiphumela engemihle yempi. Okulandelayo ingcaphuno ulandisa ngomphumela wokuhlasela kwezindiza zase-Saudi esakhiweni sokuhlala okwabulala amalungu angu-8 omndeni owodwa e-Sana'a, Yemen ngo-August 25, 2017. Okuwukuphela kwakhe owasinda kwakuyintombazanyana eneminyaka emi-4 noma emi-5. Igama lakhe ngu-Buthaina Muhammad Mansour. Umalume wakhe, uSaleh Muhammad Saad, uphuthume emzini womndeni ngemuva kokuzwa ngokuhlaselwa:
AMABLOCKQUOTES
Ngesikhathi u-Saleh efika endlini, kwase kuyincithakalo yamabhulokhi kakhonkolo aphukile namapulangwe okhuni. Ezwa abasindile bebubula ngaphansi kwemfucumfucu, walwela ukubakhulula. 'Ngezwa ukumemeza komunye womakhelwane babo ngaphansi kwemfucumfucu, ngazama ukususa imfucumfucu phezu kuka (uyise kaButhaina) nomkakhe, kodwa ngehluleka. Bafa,' esho.
'Sasusa imfucumfucu sabona kuqala umfowabo u-Ammar, owayeneminyaka emithathu, kanye nodadewabo abane, bonke beshonile. Ngathi ukuma kancane ngavele ngamemeza ngenxa yezinhlungu. Kodwa ngazidonsa, ngabuyela lapho ngase ngizwa uButhaina ebiza.'
[USaleh] uthe ukusinda kwakhe kumnikeze induduzo njengoba elilela wonke umndeni.
Ngokuvumelana ne Save the Children, izingane ezilinganiselwa ku-85,000 e-Yemen ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5 kungenzeka ukuthi zafa ngenxa yokungondleki okubi kakhulu noma izifo phakathi kuka-Ephreli 2015 no-Okthoba 2018. Izingane eziyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalombili nanhlanu-isibalo sabantu bedolobha elilinganiselwe. Izingane, “ezibuthakathaka kakhulu ukuba zingakhala” njengoba zilele ezingalweni zonina noma embhedeni wasesibhedlela. Nokho impi e-Yemen iyaqhubeka naphezu komonakalo ongenakuthethelelwa, ongenakuthethelelwa ewenza kubantu baseYemen. Njengoba kwakunjalo e-Iraq ngaphansi kombuso wezigwegwe obekwe yi-UN-kodwa waphoqelelwa futhi wagcinwa endaweni yi-US kanye ne-UK (1990-2003), ngakho-ke manje se-Yemen lapho izingane, abampofu, nabadala bekhokha khona imali. intengo yemishini ye-geopolitical enegazi elibandayo kanye nezimbangi zesifunda.
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Izingane ezifa ngale ndlela [ngenxa yokungondleki kahle] zihlupheka kakhulu njengoba ukusebenza kwezitho zazo ezibalulekile kuncipha futhi ekugcineni kuma. Amasosha abo omzimba abuthakathaka kangangokuba ajwayele ukungenwa izifo kanti abanye abanamandla okukhala. Abazali kufanele babone izingane zabo ziwohloka, zingakwazi ukwenza lutho ngakho.Tamer Kirolos, Umqondisi Wezwe Londoloza Izingane e-Yemen.
Isithombe Esikhulu: Kungani Impi Kumelwe Iqhubeke
UDonald Trump ungathanda ukuthi sikholwe ukuthi ukugunyaza izigidigidi zamadola ezinkontilekeni zempi eziya eSaudi Arabia nase-United Arab Emirates kuzothuthukisa umnotho ngokudala izinkulungwane zemisebenzi emisha. Ngaphandle kwalokho, abalingani bethu abaqinile eGulf, abacwile emzabalazweni weminyaka emine namaqembu ahlubukayo ase-Yemen aseHouthi, badinga ukusekelwa kwethu okuqhubekayo empini yabo yokuphila noma yokufa ne-Iran, izitha ezesabekayo zaseSaudi Arabia kanye namandla amakhulu ngemuva. ukuvukela kwamaHouthi, noma kunjalo sitshelwa futhi silindeleke ukuba sikholwe. Ngokuhlinzeka ngezikhali nesembozo sobunxusa embusweni waseSaudi kanye nabalingani babo ebugebengwini (umfelandawonye wamazwe aseMpumalanga Ephakathi ne-Afrika), i-US kusolakala ukuthi ihlehla umkhankaso we-Iran wokubusa kwesifunda ngaphezu kokukhuthaza ukukhula kwemisebenzi e-US.
Ngakho-ke kunengqondo ukuqhubeka kwethu nokubandakanyeka empini yombango yaseYemen kanye nokulangazelela kwethu ukunikeza uMbuso waseSaudi Arabia izigidigidi zamaRandi ezikhali, okuhlanganisa “amaphesenti angu-57 ezindiza zamasosha ezisetshenziswa iRoyal Saudi Air Force,” amathangi, imicibisholo, amathuluzi okuqoqa ubuhlakani, nezikhali zamaqoqo, ezivinjelwe ngaphansi kwemibandela yesivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe—i-Convention on Cluster Munitions, nokuvinjelwa “ukuthuthukiswa, ukukhiqizwa, ukutholwa, ukudluliswa kanye nokuqoqwa” kwezikhali zamaqoqo. (Kusukela ngoJanuwari 2019, amazwe angu-105 abesesayine isivumelwano. Phakathi kwamazwe akhethe ukungasigunyazi isivumelwano yi-US, Russia, China, Pakistan, Egypt, Israel, ne-India.)
Ngomhla zingama-20 kuNhlaba wezi-2017 uTrump wazishaya isifuba ngokuvala isivumelwano sezikhali esingamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-110 neNkosana yoMqhele uMohammed Bin Salman, umashiqela ophethe lo Mbuso futhi okungenzeka ukuthi wayengungqondongqondo wokubulawa ngesihluku kwentatheli yaseSaudi. Washington Post umlobi uJamal Khashoggi. Eqinisweni (hhayi uhlobo lukaTrumpian), isivumelwano sasiyimemorandamu yenhloso. Kuze kube manje, uMbuso usayine cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-14.5 ezincwadini zokunikezwa nokwamukelwa, ezingahlanganisi izivumelwano ezibopha ngokomthetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isivumelwano sezikhali asikona ukuthengiselana okukodwa kodwa kuyinqwaba yamadili ahlukene okuthi, uma kuhlanganiswe ndawonye, afinyelele ku-$110 billion. Eziningi zazo kwaxoxiswana ngazo ngaphansi kokuphatha kuka-Obama noma izilinganiso zokuthengiswa kwesikhathi esizayo okungenzeka noma kungenzeki ngempela.
ICongress Ikhulisa Ababili (Cishe)
Ngo-Ephreli walo nyaka iCongress yaphasisa i-War Powers Resolution yokuqeda ukubandakanyeka kwe-US empini yaseYemen. INdlu ivotele ama-247-175 evumelana nalo mthethosivivinywa. Umthethosivivinywa uphasise iSenate ngevoti lama-54-46. Abasekeli balo mthethosivivinywa baphikisa ngokuthi i-US yephula umthetho ka-1973 Umthetho Wamandla Empi, okubonisa ukuthi igunya likaKhongolose liyadingeka—ngemva kwesikhathi esiyizinyanga ezintathu—ngaphambi kokuba amabutho ase-US angenwe “ezonweni noma ezimweni lapho ukuhileleka okuseduze ebutheni kuboniswa ngokucacile yizimo.” Ukuzibandakanya kwe-US empini kwaqala ngaphansi kukaMongameli Obama ngo-3 futhi akukaze kugunyazwe yiCongress. Labo abafisa ukuqhubeka nokubamba iqhaza kwe-US baphikisa ukuthi amasosha ase-US awahlanganyeli ngokuqondile emisebenzini yokulwa; ngakho-ke, akukho mvume yeCongressional edingekayo.
UTrump uvote ngokumangazayo i-War Powers Resolution-the i-veto yesibili yobumongameli bakhe- ebiza lo mthethosivivinywa "umzamo ongadingekile, oyingozi wokwenza buthaka iziphathimandla zami zomthethosisekelo, obeka impilo yezakhamizi zaseMelika engozini kanye namalungu enkonzo anesibindi, namuhla nasesikhathini esizayo." Umthethosivivinywa "awudingeki," esho, ngoba abekho abasebenzi bezempi base-United States eYemen "abayala, ukubamba iqhaza, noma abahambisana namasosha omfelandawonye oholwa yiSaudi ngokumelene namaHouthis." Ngonyaka owedlule owayenguNobhala Wezokuvikela uJames “Kumnandi ukudubula abanye abantu" Mattis wagomela ukuthi ukunqamula ukusekelwa kwe-US kodlame oluholwa yiSaudi "kungakhuphula izinga lokufa kwabantu, kubeke engcupheni ukubambisana nabalingani bethu ekulweni nobushokobezi, futhi kunciphise ithonya lethu namaSaudis - konke lokhu kungabhebhethekisa isimo kanye nenkinga yobuntu." Njengoba le ndaba elandelayo iphakamisa, ukusekelwa okuqhubekayo komfelandawonye akwenzanga lutho ukulungisa le nkinga:
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U-Qayma ungowesifazane waseYemeni onamandla kakhulu. Ngaphambi kwempi wayesezokwazi ukunikeza izingane zakhe impilo ehloniphekile. Kodwa ngenxa yesimo esibi sezomnotho nesobuntu akakwazi ukuqhubeka. 'Umyeni wami washona ngaphambi kwempi futhi ngathatha umthwalo ogcwele wezingane zami. Ngangivame ukusebenza emapulazini ahlukahlukene, kusukela ekuseni kuze kube semini, futhi ngiye ekhaya ngiyophekela izingane zami nomama osekhulile ukudla kwasemini. Njengoba ngiqala ukuzizwa ngilondekile futhi ngizinzile, impi yaqala futhi yonke into yaba nzima kakhulu. Umholo wami omncane wawungasanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zethu eziyisisekelo. Futhi ukunyuka kwamanani manje kwenza kube nzima ngisho nokukwazi ukukhokhela izinto ezibalulekile. Angazi ngizozondla kanjani izingane zami. Angifuni ukubukela izingane zami zibulawa indlala.’— kwesithi “Impi Nendlala: Izindaba zabesifazane abazabalaza ukondla izingane zabo eYemen. "
Nakuba Mattis wenza buyisela isivumelwano sokuthula okuxoxiwe ngaso, akukho ukuthula futhi ukubulala kuyaqhubeka. Isimangalo esithile esicacile sokuthi asizibandakanyi ngokuqhubekayo ezimpini siphikisana neqiniso lokuthi ngaphandle kokusekelwa kwe-US impi ingase iphele. Ngaphezu kokuthengisa izikhali ze-Saudis ezinembayo, izinsiza zase-US zezindiza zase-Saudi, futhi inikeza uMbuso izingxenye ezisele zama-F-15 enziwe e-US kanye nezinhlelo zekhompyutha zokuhlasela izitha eziqondiwe. "Sitshela abakwaSaudis ukuthi yini okufanele bayiqhume, yini okufanele bayishaye, futhi yini futhi bakhiphe bani," ngokusho USenator waseRiphabhlikhi uMike Lee, owaxhasa ngokuhlanganyela i-War Powers Resolution. Ngamanye amazwi, i-US yephula ngokusobala isinqumo, esenqabela ngokusobala “ukubandakanyeka ezimpini” ngaphandle kwemvume yekhongolose.
Ngingaphikisa ngokuthi ukubandakanyeka kwe-US, ngokugunyazwa noma ngaphandle kwe-Congressional, akukho emthethweni futhi kubi futhi akukho okunye okuthethelelayo ngaphandle kwegunya lamandla ombuso. Ekuhlaziyweni kwezindleko zenzuzo ekhethwa ngabaphathi “bentando yeningi,” ubungcwele bempilo yomuntu kanye nokubusa komthetho imiqondo ephelelwe yisikhathi ekhohliswa inzuzo erekhodiwe yokuthengiswa kwezikhali kanye nesidingo sokugcina ubudlelwano obunamasu nabadlali abacebile. zinganambitheki futhi zingenayo intando yeningi.
Kuyangikhuthaza izindaba ukuthi ngoJuni 20 iSenethi, ngevoti lama-53-45, laphasisa elinye iqoqo lezinqumo zokuvimba ukudayiswa kwezikhali eSaudi Arabia nabalingani bayo. Izingqapheli zilindele ukuthi iNdlu ivotele ngokuvumelana nomthetho ofanayo, kodwa kuze kube manje alikho igatsha leCongress elinamavoti anele ukwedlula i-veto ethenjisiwe kaMongameli uTrump. Ngokusobala, ukuncisha abahlomuli bombuso waseNtshonalanga ngendlela yezigidigidi zamaRandi okuthengiswa kwezikhali, ngibheja, indlela eqinisekile yokuletha impi esiphethweni esisheshayo. Kafushane nje, ukunqamula ukuhamba kwezikhali kungase kube amandla adingekayo ukuze bonke abathintekayo engxabanweni bahlale phansi baxoxisane ngokuthula.
Ukucima Umlilo
Ngaphambi kokuthi kwenzeke noma yikuphi kwalokhu, thina esisebenzela ukuthula kudingeka siqhubeke nokubeka ingcindezi kubakhi bezikhali abahamba phambili. Bazise ngokungakhululeki ngokuzibandakanya kwabo emacaleni empi kanye nobugebengu obubhekiswe esintwini, ngenkathi sigqugquzela izakhamizi zakithi ukuthi zimele abantu abangenacala baseYemen ngokumasha, ukuphaphama, ukubiza abameleli babo, ukwenza noma yini edingekayo ukuvumela ububele bunqobe phezu kwegazi- acwile amaqhinga kaMongameli kanye nabeluleki bakhe. Ukwengeza, sidinga ukusunduza abezindaba abajwayelekile ukuthi banikele isikhathi esithe xaxa sokukhuluma ngempi kanye nemiphumela yayo yonke yabantu — ngaphandle kokuphazamisa umugqa wokusungulwa mayelana nesidingo sokusekela impi yommeleli we-Saudi Arabia ne-Iran.
Inothi Lokugcina
Abantu baseYemen badinga ukwesekwa okuningi ngendlela abangathola ngayo ezinhlanganweni ezisiza abantu Care, Londoloza Izingane, IKomidi Lomhlaba Wonke We-Red Cross, Futhi UNICEF. Abasebenzi bosizo abaphansi eYemen basebenza ngokumelene nezinto ezingenakwenzeka ukuze basindise izimpilo ngokuhlinzeka ngokudla, imithi, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nendawo yokuhlala. Ngokusho kwe-Save the Children, umnikelo owodwa wama-dollar angu-60 ungondla umndeni wase-Yemeni wabantu abayisikhombisa inyanga yonke. Ngikhumbula ihlazo lakamuva elihilela abazali abacebile baseHollywood abakhokha izizumbulu zemali kumculi womkhonyovu osezingeni lokuqala ukuze izingane zabo zingene emanyuvesi asezingeni eliphezulu. Umlingisikazi uLori Loughlin nomyeni wakhe womsiki wengqephu, uMossimo Giannulli, kuthiwa bakhokhele u-$500,000 wokufumbathisa ukuze kuzuze amadodakazi abo amabili ayefuna ukwamukelwa eNyuvesi yaseSouthern California. Leso samba semali, esihlukaniswe ngama-60, ngabe sihlinzekele imindeni engaphezu kuka-8,000 yaseYemeni okungenzeka ukuthi ibulawe yindlala.
UGeorge Capaccio ungumbhali nesishoshovu esisanda kuthuthela eDurham, eNorth Carolina. Phakathi neminyaka yezijeziso eziphoqelelwe yi-US- ne-UK ngokumelene ne-Iraq, wahamba lapho izikhathi eziningi, eletha izinto ezivinjelwe, wenza ubungane nemindeni yase-Baghdad, futhi wajulisa ukuqonda kwakhe ukuthi unswinyo lwalubathinta kanjani abantu. I-imeyili yakhe ithi [i-imeyili ivikelwe] Uyakwamukela ukuphawula futhi umema abafundi ukuthi bavakashele iwebhusayithi yakhe: www.georgecapaccio.com
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