Iziphepho ezinamandla kakhulu ezihlasela i-United States manje “ziyisibhamu esiwugwayi” sokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, omunye wososayensi abaphambili baseBrithani ukholelwa ukuthi.
Udlame olukhulayo lweziphepho ezinjengoKatrina, ezacekela phansi iNew Orleans, noRita, manje osekusongela iTexas, cishe lubangelwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kusho uSir John Lawton, usihlalo weRoyal Commission on Environmental Pollution. Iziphepho bezilokhu zishuba kakhulu, njengoba nje amakhompiyutha ayebikezele ukuthi zizokwenzeka, ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa lolwandle, esho.
"Ukuqina okukhulu kwalezi zinhlobo zeziphepho ezinamandla kungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke."
Ochungechungeni lwamazwana angaguquki - ukuhlasela okumbozwe kancane kubaphathi bakaBush, uSir John wahlasela ama-neoconservatives e-US namanje abaphika ubuqiniso bokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Ebhekisela ekufikeni kweSiphepho uRita wathi: “Uma lokhu kwenza isimo sezulu esishintshashintshayo e-States sibone ukuthi sinenkinga, kuzovela okuhle okuthile esimweni esibi ngempela.” Njengoba ekhuluma, abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi babebalekela enyakatho kude nogu lwaseTexas njengoba uRita, esinye seziphepho ezinamandla kakhulu emlandweni, sibhodla eGulf of Mexico. Cishe izofika namuhla kusihlwa noma ekuseni kakhulu eduze kwase-Houston, idolobhakazi lesine ngobukhulu e-America kanye nesikhungo somkhakha walo kawoyela. Imigwaqo emikhulu eholela phakathi nezwe usuka e-Houston ibivalwe yizimoto ibanga elingafika kumamayela angu-100 ukuya enyakatho.
Kunokwesaba kwangempela kokuthi u-Houston angase ahlupheke kakhulu ngenxa ka-Rita njengoba nje ne-New Orleans yahlushwa iSiphepho u-Katrina esikhathini esingaphansi kwenyanga edlule.
Ebuzwa ukuthi yisiphi isiphetho abaphathi bakaBush okufanele bafinyelele kuso ngezivunguvungu ezimbili ezinamandla kangaka ezihlasela i-US ngokulandelana okusheshayo, uSir John uthe: umbono wabo, lokho kungaba umphumela obaluleke kakhulu.”
Ebuzwa mayelana nokubachaza ngokuthi “ama-loon”, uthe: “Kuneqembu labantu ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba ...
“Ngizobafanisa nabantu ababephika ukuthi ukubhema kubangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu.”
Ngokuphawula kwakhe, uSir John uba ngowesithathu kubaholi benhlangano yesayensi yaseBrithani ukuhlasela i-US mayelana nokuzimisela kukahulumeni waseBush ukungabaza ukufudumala komhlaba njengento yangempela.
Ukuphawula kukaSir John kulandela futhi kweseka ucwaningo lwakamuva, ingxenye enkulu yalo evela eMelika uqobo, ekhombisa ukuthi iziphepho ziya ngokuba nodlame kakhulu futhi ziphakamisa ukuthi ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kuyimbangela.
Iphepha labacwaningi baseMelika, ngesonto eledlule ephephabhukwini lase-US i-Science, libonise ukuthi iziphepho ezinamandla eSiphepho uKatrina sezicishe ziphindwe kabili kunezivamile eminyakeni engu-35 edlule.
Nakuba imvamisa isiyonke yeziphepho ezishisayo emhlabeni wonke ihlale isezingeni elibanzi kusukela ngo-1970, inani lezehlakalo zesigaba 4 no-5 ezidlulele lenyuke kakhulu. Ngawo-1970, kwakunesilinganiso seziphepho ezingaba ngu-10 zesigaba sesi-4 nezi-5 ngonyaka kodwa, kusukela ngo-1990, ziye zacishe zaphindeka kabili kuya esilinganisweni esingaba ngu-18 ngonyaka. Ngaleso sikhathi, amazinga okushisa olwandle, phakathi kwezinto ezibangela ukushuba kwesiphepho, anyuke ngesilinganiso esingu-0.5C (0.9F).
USir John uthe: “Ngokuya ngokwandayo kubukeka njengesibhamu esishunqayo. Kuyisiphetho esifanelekile ukuthola ukuthi ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke, okubangelwa abantu abaningi, kubangela ukwanda kwamazinga okushisa olwandle futhi kwandisa udlame lweziphepho.”
Iziphepho ezinamandla kakhulu ezihlasela i-United States manje “ziyisibhamu esiwugwayi” sokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, omunye wososayensi abaphambili baseBrithani ukholelwa ukuthi.
Udlame olukhulayo lweziphepho ezinjengoKatrina, ezacekela phansi iNew Orleans, noRita, manje osekusongela iTexas, cishe lubangelwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kusho uSir John Lawton, usihlalo weRoyal Commission on Environmental Pollution. Iziphepho bezilokhu zishuba kakhulu, njengoba nje amakhompiyutha ayebikezele ukuthi zizokwenzeka, ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa lolwandle, esho.
"Ukuqina okukhulu kwalezi zinhlobo zeziphepho ezinamandla kungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke."
Ochungechungeni lwamazwana angaguquki - ukuhlasela okumbozwe kancane kubaphathi bakaBush, uSir John wahlasela ama-neoconservatives e-US namanje abaphika ubuqiniso bokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Ebhekisela ekufikeni kweSiphepho uRita wathi: “Uma lokhu kwenza isimo sezulu esishintshashintshayo e-States sibone ukuthi sinenkinga, kuzovela okuhle okuthile esimweni esibi ngempela.” Njengoba ekhuluma, abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi babebalekela enyakatho kude nogu lwaseTexas njengoba uRita, esinye seziphepho ezinamandla kakhulu emlandweni, sibhodla eGulf of Mexico. Cishe izofika namuhla kusihlwa noma ekuseni kakhulu eduze kwase-Houston, idolobhakazi lesine ngobukhulu e-America kanye nesikhungo somkhakha walo kawoyela. Imigwaqo emikhulu eholela phakathi nezwe usuka e-Houston ibivalwe yizimoto ibanga elingafika kumamayela angu-100 ukuya enyakatho.
Kunokwesaba kwangempela kokuthi u-Houston angase ahlupheke kakhulu ngenxa ka-Rita njengoba nje ne-New Orleans yahlushwa iSiphepho u-Katrina esikhathini esingaphansi kwenyanga edlule.
Ebuzwa ukuthi yisiphi isiphetho abaphathi bakaBush okufanele bafinyelele kuso ngezivunguvungu ezimbili ezinamandla kangaka ezihlasela i-US ngokulandelana okusheshayo, uSir John uthe: umbono wabo, lokho kungaba umphumela obaluleke kakhulu.”
Ebuzwa mayelana nokubachaza ngokuthi “ama-loon”, uthe: “Kuneqembu labantu ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba ...
“Ngizobafanisa nabantu ababephika ukuthi ukubhema kubangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu.”
Ngokuphawula kwakhe, uSir John uba ngowesithathu kubaholi benhlangano yesayensi yaseBrithani ukuhlasela i-US mayelana nokuzimisela kukahulumeni waseBush ukungabaza ukufudumala komhlaba njengento yangempela.
Ukuphawula kukaSir John kulandela futhi kweseka ucwaningo lwakamuva, ingxenye enkulu yalo evela eMelika uqobo, ekhombisa ukuthi iziphepho ziya ngokuba nodlame kakhulu futhi ziphakamisa ukuthi ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kuyimbangela.
Iphepha labacwaningi baseMelika, ngesonto eledlule ephephabhukwini lase-US i-Science, libonise ukuthi iziphepho ezinamandla eSiphepho uKatrina sezicishe ziphindwe kabili kunezivamile eminyakeni engu-35 edlule.
Nakuba imvamisa isiyonke yeziphepho ezishisayo emhlabeni wonke ihlale isezingeni elibanzi kusukela ngo-1970, inani lezehlakalo zesigaba 4 no-5 ezidlulele lenyuke kakhulu. Ngawo-1970, kwakunesilinganiso seziphepho ezingaba ngu-10 zesigaba sesi-4 nezi-5 ngonyaka kodwa, kusukela ngo-1990, ziye zacishe zaphindeka kabili kuya esilinganisweni esingaba ngu-18 ngonyaka. Ngaleso sikhathi, amazinga okushisa olwandle, phakathi kwezinto ezibangela ukushuba kwesiphepho, anyuke ngesilinganiso esingu-0.5C (0.9F).
USir John uthe: “Ngokuya ngokwandayo kubukeka njengesibhamu esishunqayo. Kuyisiphetho esifanelekile ukuthola ukuthi ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke, okubangelwa abantu abaningi, kubangela ukwanda kwamazinga okushisa olwandle futhi kwandisa udlame lweziphepho.”
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Nikela