Sonke siyazi ukuthi impi yaseSyria ibangele ukuthutheleka okukhulu kwababaleki eTurkey. Ngokwezibalo ezingekho emthethweni, ezinyangeni ezi-3 ezedlule kube khona ababaleki abanjalo abangaphezu kwesigidi esi-1 ababalekela ukulwa eSyria. Ngenxa yokuhlasela okwenziwa yi-ISIS ngasemngceleni wethu, lelo nani linyukile futhi iningi labantu abafudukisiwe selithuthele ezifundazweni ezisemngceleni osempumalanga yeTurkey. Akukacaci ukuthi izophela nini impi yaseMiddle East nokuthi lokhu kuphuma kwababaleki kuzoqhubeka isikhathi esingakanani. Ukubheka isithombe esikhulu kubonisa ukuthi ukuqeda impi kuyindaba eyinkimbinkimbi, njengoba kunezici ezinqumayo zesifunda nezamazwe ngamazwe, namandla abonakala ekhetha ukugcinwa kwe-deadlock. I-Turkey nayo idonselwe empini; emphakathini waseTurkey, nokho, kube nokuntuleka kwamazwi aqinile abiza ukuphela kwempi nokuvimbela izingxabano ezintsha ekhaya. Ngokunjalo, kube nokuwohloka okukhulu kosizo lwabantu mayelana nalaba babaleki, ikakhulukazi entshonalanga yeTurkey. Abangewona amaTurkey nabangewona amaSulumane izisulu zempi bebephephela eTurkey, okuhlanganisa amaKurds, ama-Arabhu, ama-Armenia, amaYazidis, nama-Asiriya. Kodwa-ke, ezikhundleni eziphezulu zikahulumeni, la maqembu athathwe njengezinkinga noma athathwa ngokuthi "awabalulekile ngokwanele," futhi ngenxa yalokho uhulumeni uye wagcina kude nesifunda. Ngokunjalo, kube nokuncane ukubika ezindabeni mayelana nalolu daba, okunciphisa ukuhlakanipha okuqotho kwezakhamuzi ezivamile. Mhlawumbe emazingeni amaningi kube nokungabaza mayelana nokuthi kungaba kuhle yini ngokwepolitiki ukuletha inkinga yababaleki ohlelweni futhi banikeze usizo, futhi ngenxa yalokho kube nokungabaza ukuthatha isinyathelo. Emiphakathini yomphakathi kukhona ukuntula okungavamile kokubona futhi kube nokwehlukana ekuphenduleni kukanembeza kulokhu okwenzekayo, nakuba isonto ngalinye sizwa ngokuthutheleka okusha kwababaleki kanye nemizamo yokubakhela amakamu.
Ngesonto lesibili lika-Okthoba, ngavakashela isifunda saseSuruç esifundazweni sase-Urfa nabangane bami uNilgün noFırat. Muva nje, kuleso sifunda kuye kwatheleka ababaleki abaningi bewela umngcele. E-Istanbul sineqembu elincane elihlangana ndawonye ngenhloso yokuhlinzeka ngosizo ngezikhathi ezinzima kangaka, futhi esikhundleni sokuthumela usizo nje sikhetha ukuvakashela abantu ngempela ukuze sibalalele futhi siqonde kangcono izidingo zabo zangempela. Njengesisulu sokuzamazama komhlaba e-Marmara, ngiyazi ukuthi isikhathi esiningi uma ukude nesimo esithile kunzima ukuqagela ukuthi yini engase idingeke, futhi okucatshangwayo kungaba okungalungile. Othintana nabo e-Urfa bafeza umsebenzi wethu lapho, futhi nabo njengabaninikhaya, savakashela eSuruç izinsuku ezimbili.
I-Urfa neSuruç: Imihlaba Emibili Ehlukene
Ngaphambi kokwabelana ngemibono yami ngeSuruç ngithanda ukubhala ngomehluko phakathi kwe-Urfa neSuruç. Ngemoto, uhambo olusuka enkabeni ye-Urfa luya eSuruç luthatha cishe imizuzu engu-30 kuphela kodwa e-Urfa, impilo iqhubeka njengokujwayelekile. Kusengathi alikho ikamu lababaleki eduze elihlala abantu abangu-50,000 noma awekho amabhomu aqhuma emngceleni. Lo mehluko uphawuleka nakakhulu lapho sibuyela e-Urfa sisuka eSuruç. E-Urfa, okuwukuphela kwenkomba yesimo esibi kwakungamaloli amabili amakhulu e-UN, izimoto ezinkulu ezihlomile, ezipakwe maphakathi nedolobha. Lapho sibuya eSuruç, cishe sisangene kancane, sathi, “Masintshontshe lawomaloli e-UN futhi siwathengise. Kungenza okuhle kakhulu kunalokho okwenziwe yi-UN. ” Emgwaqeni eSuruç sabona elinye lalawo maloli kodwa asikwazanga ukuthola noma yiluphi ulwazi ngosizo olunikezwa i-UN. Ngemva kwamahora sibuyile, umphathi-dolobha omdala waseSuruç wabulawa kanye nendodana yakhe. Kuthe uma sigibela itekisi e-Urfa, saluveza udaba kumshayeli nokuziphatha kwakhe kwashintsha ngokushesha. Wathi, “Asihlanganise lutho nabo. Akuyona neze indaba yethu. " Sathula. Futhi lapho sithenga esitolo, lapho sithi sivakashele eSuruç, izimo zengqondo zabanikazi bezitolo zashintsha futhi baqhela. Bekusobala ukuthi abanye abantu bakhona babona isibalo esikhulu sababaleki e-Urfa namaphethelo njengenkinga.
Izenzo ze-Isis ziphikisana nenkolo nobuntu
Lapho silapho, uSuruç wayezolile. Ababesimemile basiyisa ezindaweni ezingasemngceleni lapho bathi kuphephile futhi bakhombe i-Kobané buqamama. Babengekho abantu abaningi eduze. Ezinye zazihlala phezu kwamatshe kanti ezinye zalunguza ngaseKobané ngezibonakude. Lapho silapho, u-Isis waqhumisa ngamabhomu izindawo ezintathu zokuwela imingcele. Izinsuku ezimbalwa bebeqhumisa amabhomu ezimpambanweni ukuze abantu bangafiki bevela eKobané. Emini, yonke into yayizolile kodwa ebusuku izakhamuzi zaseSuruç zazizulazula endaweni ukuze zivimbele amaphekula e-Isis ukuba angaweli. “Kungenjalo kuzoba nzima ngempela kithi,” besho. “Ukube besingekho, ngabe uKobané wawa kudala.” Bathe maningi amasosha e-Isis abeqhamuka e-Europe. Ngokusobala umshayisibhakela waseFrance wayebanjwe ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule. Bachaza ngokujabula ukuthi intsha engu-5 yayishaywe impela kwaze kwaba yilapho isimvumela ukuba avume. Eduze nensimu yombila ebheke eKobané, sahlangana nabesifazane ababili nabo ababeze ukuzobona okwakwenzeka edolobheni. “Lena akuyona indaba yempi. Ukuhlasela kwabo udumo lwethu,” kusho bona. Izidumbu zabesifazane abasebasha ezi-4 zilethwe ngobusuku bangaphambilini. Amasosha e-Isis ayexhaphaze izidumbu, aze anquma nekhanda lomunye wabesifazane. Kuthiwa bathatha izintombi ezinhle zibe ngamakhosikazi abo, bethi, “Ngomusa ka-Allah, ngikuthatha njengomkami,” bese kudayiswa lezo abazibheka njengezimbi. Laba besifazane ababili bathuka izishoshovu, bethi, “Lokhu kuphambene nenkolo nobuntu,” base bekhala. Sahlangana nabantu abadala, babuza ukuthi kungani intsha eyayijoyine iqembu lomzabalazo iGezi Park ingezanga ukuzobasiza nakuba abantu abangu-2 base bebulewe emibhikishweni emayelana nesimo saseKobané, bonke beyintsha efana namaGezi. ababhikishi abashonile.
ESuruç kuphela kunababaleki abangu-50,000 XNUMX, iningi labo okungabesifazane nezingane
Lapho sibuyela eSuruç sisuka emngceleni, savakashela izikhulu zikamasipala ukuze sithole ukwaziswa ngamakamu akuleyo ndawo. Sithole ukuthi iningi lababaleki ababewelela eSuruç besuka e-Kobané babengamaKurd. Yize ihlukaniswe umngcele, le ndawo ithathwa njengeyisifunda esisodwa ngoba kuningi ukuxhumana kwemindeni. Cishe yonke imindeni inezihlobo eziseduze ngaphesheya komngcele. Ngenxa yalokhu, abanye ababaleki bakwazile ukukhoselisa izihlobo zabo ezifundazweni ezizungezile. Njengamanje, kunababaleki abangu-50,000 1,000 emakamu nasezindaweni ezikude zaseSuruç abaye bavulelwa bona. Ngokuvamile, abesifazane abasanda kubeletha noma abanezingane eziningi bawela umngcele, kanti abanye bahlala e-Kobané ukuze balwe no-Isis. Kunenani elikhulu labesifazane nezingane emakamu, futhi imigwaqo yaseSuruç igcwele izingane. Umasipala usujube itende elimumatha abantu abangu-600 700. Lapho silapho, babelungiselela ukuvula elinye ikamu lamatende elikwazi ukuhlalisa abantu abangu-4,500-230. Nokho, okwamanje akekho obonakala engenakhaya; bonke sebezinze emahholo omshado angasekho, izitolo ezingenalutho, izakhiwo ezisanda kwakhiwa, nama-mosque, noma baye bahlala nezihlobo. Kunelinye idolobha lamatende elamiswa uhlelo losizo lukahulumeni, futhi lihlala abantu abangu-600 5,000. Satshelwa ukuthi ngokuvamile kwakungabalandeli bentando yeningi abathumela usizo, futhi bathi iRepublican People’s Party yathumela amaloli amabili ezimpahla. Bakhala ngokuthi uhulumeni obusayo "uthi uzosiza kodwa akenzi lutho." Satshelwa nokuthi uHulumeni Wesifunda SaseKurdistan wathumela amatende angu-6,000 nezingubo zokulala ezingu-XNUMX. Njengamanje kunezakhamuzi zaseKobané ezingu-XNUMX XNUMX-XNUMX XNUMX ezikanise endaweni esemngceleni ozungezwe izimayini; banethemba lokuthi uma isimo sesidambile bazokwazi ukubuyela emakhaya.
Abase-Armenia ababaleka eKobané ngenxa yempi baya e-Aleppo kuqala, kodwa lapho bebona ukuthi kwakungaphephile ukuhlala lapho, badlulela eLebanon naseJordani. Abase-Asiriya ababalekela umngcele bathuthelana namalungu omndeni eMardin, Viranşehir naseMidyat. Satshelwa ukuthi amalungu e-Isis ayevame ukuthunyelwa ngokuqondile ezibhedlela futhi agcinwe khona. Baphinde bathi enye yezinkinga ezinkulu manje ukuthi iTurkey ayisavumeli abalimele ukuba bawele umngcele ukuze bathole ukwelashwa ezibhedlela zaseTurkey, futhi satshelwa ukuthi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambili, kwafa abantu abangu-10-12 ngenxa yokulahlekelwa igazi.
Umuthi wokuvimbela kufanele usetshenziswe, futhi isidingo esicindezela kakhulu ukudla
Kamuva saya esibhedlela sikahulumeni eSuruç. Sabuza odokotela bakhona ukuthi bayawudinga yini umuthi. Odokotela benza imisebenzi emibili: Ukwelapha iziguli esibhedlela kanye nokuhlinzeka ngosizo lweziguli ezindaweni lapho ababaleki behleli khona. Bathe imithi ayishodi ngakho bayakwazi ukuthenga imithi abayidingayo. Kodwa-ke, bathi kunesidingo esiphuthumayo semithi yokuvimbela nokuthi indaba ebaluleke kakhulu kulokho ukudla. Bathe bayakwazi ukwelapha izifo ezilula, nokuthi ngisho nokuntuleka kwezicathulo akubeki impilo engozini, kodwa ukufa ngendlala kuyakhathaza. Izinkinga mayelana nokuvikela izingane ziye zadamba kancane ngenxa yosizo oluthunyelwe odokotela baseKurd abavela eBerlin. Okwamanje, nokho, awekho amakhishi esobho anele; umthamo wamakhishi esobho akhona uwukudla okuyizi-15,000, kodwa njengoba ngike ngaphawula ngenhla, ukudla kudinga ukuhlinzekwa kubantu abamise amakamu kanye nalabo abakhoselise namalungu omndeni. Satshelwa ukuthi inkinga enkulu iwukondla labo babaleki abangu-50,000 XNUMX nokumisa isimiso esifanele ukuze bathole ukondliwa abakudingayo.
Kudingeka usizo emadepho nasekusabalaliseni ukudla
Saya edepho nodokotela wasesibhedlela sathola imininingwane kumuntu ophethe lapho. Izimpahla ezilapho zisetshenziselwa ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zababaleki ezifundeni zaseSiverek, eBozova, eHalfeti naseBirecik. Idepho enkulu yagcwaliswa ngempahla kodwa lapho kunabantu abangu-50,000 abadingayo, lokho bekungeke kwanele ukuhlala izinsuku ezi-2. Edepho siphawule ukuthi kunenkinga ngokusatshalaliswa kosizo njengoba kubonakale ngemuva kokuzamazama komhlaba eVan. Ngenxa yokuthi usizo luthunyelwa ngokungahleliwe, umsebenzi omningi uya ekuhlukaniseni okuqukethwe amaphakheji. Ngisho noma usizo luthunyelwa ngebhokisi elilodwa, okuqukethwe kufanele kuboniswe ngaphandle. Satshelwa ukuthi abantu akufanele bathumele izingubo ezindala zamasekeni, njengoba zigcina zilahliwe. Kudingeka amavolontiya ukuze kuhlelwe usizo emadepho nasekusabalaliseni kwalo. Amakhadi osizo anikezwe ababaleki, kodwa abantu bendawo abakwazi ukuthola usizo ngisho nalapho bebhekene nezinkinga zezimali. Kuye ngohlobo lwekhadi, usizo luthunyelwa ezindlini zababaleki noma ezindaweni zokuhlala. Njengamanje, njengoba kuhlale kwenzeka, isidingo esicindezela kakhulu ubisi lwengane. Iningi lababaleki ngabesifazane nezingane, futhi kunesidingo sazo zonke izinhlobo zobisi lwezingane nobisi, kodwa akufanele zithunyelwe ngamathini. Sekuyizinsuku ezimbalwa bephumile ezimpahleni ezinjalo, futhi ababaleki babhekene nezikhathi ezinzima.
Ingqalasizinda yaseSuruç ayenziwanga ukuphatha abantu abayi-180,000, futhi kukhona ukuntuleka kwamanzi, ugesi kanye nezinhlelo zamapayipi amanzi.
Saya edolobheni lamatende eRojava, elinamatende angu-300. Ingqalasizinda yeSuruç yamanzi, ugesi kanye nendle yayiklanyelwe ukuphatha inani labantu basedolobheni lokuqala abangama-50,000, kodwa manje njengoba inani labantu selinyuke laya ku-180,000, uhlelo seluzowa. Ngesikhathi sikhona babezama ukwakha amachibi edolobha lamatende elalingenawo ugesi namanzi. Bekungakacaci ukuthi lezo nkonzo zizoqala nini, kanti okwamanje izingane zilethela amanzi ngamabhakede. Umasipala wenza konke okusemandleni kodwa awunazo izinsiza ezanele futhi ushiyelwe ukuthi uzenzele wona. Kunethemba losizo oluvela kumasipala wase-Diyarbakır, kodwa uhlangabezana nezinkinga zawo maqondana nezinsiza, njengoba ababaleki abavela eSinjar bezinze lapho futhi umasipala unenkinga yokuhlangabezana nezidingo zabo. Ngenxa yokuthi iSuruç isendaweni eyithafa, ngisho nezimvula ezincane kakhulu zibangela ukuba amatende agcwale. Usomabhizinisi ovela eLebanon ufakwe izinkundla zokuxazulula le nkinga, ngaphezu kwezinhlelo zamapayipi zamatende. Njengamanje, amatende angu-40 kwangu-300 anezinkundla.
Abahlala edolobheni lamatende bathi baswele ubisi lwezingane.
Ngaphambi kokubuyela e-Urfa sacela izincomo mayelana nezidingo zababaleki kanye nezinkinga ababhekene nazo emakamu. Izinhlobo zosizo ezidingekayo zihlanganisa imithi, izingubo zokugqoka kanye nokudla, ngaphezu kwama-workshops nemisebenzi ezohlinzeka ngokwelashwa kwengqondo ngenxa yokuhlukumezeka kwempi. Ngokungangabazeki abantu bahlushwa ukuhlukumezeka isikhathi eside, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi imizwa ekude nesiyaluyalu kanye nezidingo eziphuthumayo zingabalulwa ngokungalungile nje ngenxa yenhlekelele. Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, ngemva kokubuya eSuruç ngacabanga ukuthi izinkinga ezibhekene nababaleki entshonalanga yezwe zihlukumeza kakhulu ngomqondo wokuthi abantu bayantula unembeza. E-Suruç kuba nomoya wokuzola, futhi abantu bahamba bekhalela ukulahlekelwa kwabo futhi baxoxe ngezenzakalo ezibuhlungu, behlanganisa ukulandisa kwabo ngamahlaya. Kanti futhi wonke umuntu uyasebenza ngoba kuningi okumele kwenziwe, bagxumeka amatende, bahlukaniselane ukudla futhi bahlalise abafikayo. Futhi badinga usizo, ngoba azikho izinsiza ezanele futhi awekho abasebenzi abenele.
Isixazululo esiqinisekile senkinga: Kufanele siphikisane nempi
Njengamanje i-USA namazwe ase-Europe babhekile njengoba kwenzeka le nhlekelele. Kungase kubonakale sengathi ngemva kokuhlangenwe nakho kwayo e-Iraq, i-USA yanelisekile ngokudlala umdlalo "wempucuko" ukusuka kude, kuyilapho amazwe aseYurophu ejabulela ukusebenzisa i-Isis njengesizathu sokulandela amaSulumane ayisisekelo ekhaya. Izinqubomgomo zaseTurkey mayelana neMpumalanga Ephakathi zibonakala zihamba phambili; noma kunjalo, uhulumeni waseTurkey uqhubeka nendlela eyingozi, ebambelele enkulumweni esongela ukuvusa izingxabano eziningi ezweni. Futhi ngeshwa, imizimba eminingi isiqalile ukufika.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, kufanele sifune ukuthi impi imiswe. Mayelana nalezi zinkinga ezidalwe yimpi, kufanele sibize izikhungo ezisemthethweni kanye nama-NGOs eTurkey ukuba aziphendulele futhi acele ukuthi izinhlangano zosizo zamazwe ngamazwe zisize labo ababalekela ukulwa. Kuleyo nqubo, ababaleki kufanele baphathwe ngokulinganayo kungakhathaliseki isizinda sabo senkolo nemiphakathi yezenhlalo. Usizo lomuntu ngamunye lubaluleke kakhulu kodwa kusobala ukuthi usizo olunjalo ngeke lulethe izixazululo ezihlala njalo.
Akuqinisekwa ukuthi impi izophela nini, kodwa inkinga enkulu esibhekene nayo isiphithiphithi esikhulisa imithwalo hhayi nje yababaleki kodwa nenani labantu bendawo esifundeni, okwenza ukuphila kube nzima nakakhulu. Njengoba ubusika busondela, kunezinkulungwane zabantu, abesifazane, izingane nezaguga, abalambile nabangaphandle emakhazeni ngokoqobo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhona abantu abayisigidi ngaphezulu abazoba nomthelela emnothweni waseTurkey. Siyazi ukuthi ababaleki abaningi abafudukela entshonalanga yezwe basebenzela osonkontileka abancane ngemali encane futhi abanye abaningi baqashwe izinhlangano zobugebengu. Futhi e-Istanbul, udaba olukhathazayo kube yinani eliphakeme labanxili baseSyria emigwaqweni.
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