U-Yossi Beilin ubuyile. Lo ‘menzi wokuthula’ wakwa-Israyeli ongaphenduki ufana ne-phoenix yasenganekwaneni, ehlala ivuka emlotheni wayo. Phakathi ku isihloko sakamuva ku-Al-Monitor, u-Beilin wabhala esekela umbono wokuhlangana phakathi kwe-Israel ne-Palestine.
Umfelandawonye "ungavimbela isidingo sokukhipha abahlali futhi uvumele labo abanentshisekelo ukuthi bahlale ePalestine njengezakhamizi zakwa-Israel, njengoba nje nenani elifanayo lezakhamizi zasePalestine lingahlala kwa-Israyeli," wabhala.
Ngokuxakile, u-Beilin uthuthukisa inguqulo yombono owawukhona khuthazwa nguNgqongqoshe Wezokuvikela wakwa-Israel oweqisayo, u-Avigdor Lieberman.
Umehluko phakathi kuka-Beilin no-Lieberman usendleleni esikhetha ukubabona ngayo: owokuqala wayengunkulunkulu we-Oslo Accords eminyakeni engu-25 edlule, 'ijuba' lezombangazwe elaziwayo kanye noSihlalo wangaphambili weqembu le-Meretz 'elincike kwesokunxele'. U-Lieberman, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuthiwa uhluke ngokuphelele.
Nokho, lapho uLieberman ephakamisa ukudluliswa kwabantu kanye nokushintshaniswa kwezindawo, sonke isihogo sashabalala. Lapho uBeilin ekwenza, imizamo yakhe yabonakala njengomzamo oqotho wokuvuselela ‘inqubo yokuthula’ eyayisilele.
Lokho ukukhalipha kuka-Beilin, abalandeli bakhe kanye nayo yonke 'inqubo yokuthula' eyafinyelela umvuthwandaba ngeSivumelwano sase-Oslo kanye nokuxhawulana kwesandla kwe-White House phakathi kongasekho uSihlalo we-PLO, u-Yasser Arafat, kanye noNdunankulu wase-Israel ongasekho, u-Yitzhak Rabin, ngoSepthemba 1993. .Baphumelele ukubiza lokhu kwephula okunyantisayo emthethweni wamazwe ngamazwe njengomzamo oqotho wokuthola ukuthula phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili ezingqubuzanayo.
I-Donald Trump Administration sekuyisikhathi eside iyidlula i-Oslo kanye nezinkulumo zayo ezikhathele 'zenqubo yokuthula', 'ukuyekethisa okubuhlungu' kanye nokuzivocavoca 'kokwakha ithemba', njll., njengoba iphromotha enye into ngokuphelele, ebizwa ngokuthi 'I-Deal of the Century' .
Kodwa i-Oslo ngeke ihambe. Kuseyinkinga ngoba isisekelo sobuhlakani esaholela ekukhulelweni kwayo sisamile kahle - lapho okubalulekile kwa-Israel kuphela kanye nezifiso zabantu basePalestine namanje zingabalulekile.
Yize uBeilin engaseyena usopolitiki onethonya, baningi abakwaYossi Beilins abasacathama, bedlala indawo ka-'abenzi bokuthula‘, ukuhlangana ngemuva kweminyango evaliwe, eceleni kwezingqungquthela, benikela ngezinkonzo zabo njengabaxoxi, amasondo nabathengisi, nabasindisi.
USolwazi wasePalestine ongasekho, u-Edward Said, wayengaprofethi ngesikhathi exwayisa ngemiphumela eyinhlekelele yesikhathi esizayo ye-Oslo njengoba isasayinwa. Uchithwe abezindaba abajwayelekile kanye nama-pundits njenge-radical, ehlangene nezinye 'izitha zokuthula' 'zombili izinhlangothi'. Kodwa, yena, njengabanye abaningi basePalestine, wayeqinisile.
"Abaholi bezabasebenzi nabe-Likud ngokufanayo abazange bafihle ukuthi i-Oslo yayiklanyelwe ukuhlukanisa abantu basePalestine ezindaweni ezingaguquki, ezingenasici kwezomnotho, ezizungezwe imingcele elawulwa yi-Israel, enezindawo zokuhlala kanye nemigwaqo yokuhlaliswa kwemigwaqo futhi ephula ubuqotho bezindawo," wabhala esiZweni.
Ukubuswa kwamakoloni kwePalestine, ngokokuqala ngqa, kwakudlondlobala ngemvume yobuholi basePalestine. I-PLO yaguqulwa yaba indikimba yendawo lapho kwasungulwa iPalestine Authority ngo-1994. Amalungelo ezigidi zababaleki basePalestine abasemazweni angaphandle ahoxiswa. IWest Bank yahlukaniswa yaba izindawo A, B kanye no-C, ngayinye ibuswa imithetho ehlukene, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwezempi yakwa-Israel.
'Inguquko yasePalestine' yaphenduka inqubo ebuhlungu 'yokwakhiwa kombuso', kodwa ngaphandle kombuso noma ngisho nezindawo ezihlangene. Abantu basePalestine abenqaba imiphumela enyantisayo yase-Oslo - ukwanda okwesikhathi eside kwamakoloni angamaJuda, ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi wodlame, owenziwe ngendlela ejwayelekile 'ngokusebenzisana kwezokuphepha' phakathi kwe-Israel ne-PA - babevame behlukunyezwa nabathathwa njengabashisekeli.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, abaphathi be-United States abalandelanayo baqhubeka bexhasa futhi bavikela u-Israyeli, bengenandaba nesikhundla sakhe somsebenzi esizilungisele wona ‘njengomdayisi wokuthula oqotho.’
I-PA idlale ngokuhambisana ngoba izinzuzo bezinemali eningi kakhulu ukuthi zingashiywa ngokomgomo. Isigaba esisha samaPalestine sase sivukile, sincike e-Oslo ngengcebo nokuceba kwayo.
Ngisho nalapho i-Trump Administration inqamula i-Palestinian Refugees Agency, i-UNRWA, kuzo zonke izimali, futhi yachitha ama-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-200 zosizo lwabantu ku-PA, i-US namanje ikhishwe $61 million dollar to PA ukuze igcine ‘ukubambisana kwayo kwezokuphepha’ ne-Israel. ‘Ukulondeka kuka-Israyeli’ kumane nje kungcwele kakhulu ukuba kunganqanyulwa.
Yingakho i-Oslo ihlala iyingozi. Akusona isivumelwano ngokwaso esibalulekile, kodwa umqondo waso - inkulumo yezombangazwe neyokukhuluma eyenzelwe ukusebenzela u-Israyeli kuphela.
NgoJanuwari 2017, uDaniel Pipes we-pro-Israel Middle East Forum weza nalokho okubonakala sengathi a umbono we-puerile: ‘indlela eya ekuthuleni’ phakathi kuka-Israyeli namaPalestine, ngokusekelwe esimemezelweni esilula sokuthi i-Israel inqobile.
Isu elisha lidinga kancane indlela yezingxoxo. Kumane kuhilela ukuthi u-Israyeli amemezele ‘ukunqoba’, okuchazwa ngokuthi amaPipes “ukubeka intando yomuntu esitheni, esiphoqelela ngokulahlekelwa ukuba siyeke izifiso zakhe zempi.’
Nakuba kwakungacabangeki ngendlela enengqondo kaPipes, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, iCongressional Republicans e-US yethula i-“Israel Victory Caucus.” USihlalo ohlanganyele we-Caucus, u-Rep. Bill Johnson, 'kwabikezelwa' ngo-Ephreli 2017 ukuthi uTrump uzobhekisa amabombo kwa-Israyeli ukuyomemezela ukuthutha kweNxusa laseMelika lisuka eTel Aviv liye eJerusalema.
Kusukela lapho, i-US ngokusobala ilandela ipulani yesu lapho i-US iqhubekisela phambili 'ukunqoba' kuka-Israyeli, kuyilapho ibeka imibandela yokuzinikela kumaPalestina ahluliwe. Naphezu kolimi lwayo lwezokuxhumana nomthetho, lokho bekubuye kube umongo we-Oslo.
UTrump, ngokweneliseka kukaNdunankulu wakwa-Israyeli ophiko lwesokudla, uBenjamin Netanyahu, angase acabange ukuthi akashadile. wabhubhisa Izivumelwano zase-Oslo noma yini esasele kuyo. Kodwa-ke, ukwahlulela ngamazwi nangezenzo zakhe, uTrump uye kubonisiwe ukuthi umoya wase-Oslo usaphila: ukufunjathiswa, ubuqhwaga nokulwela lokho ‘kunqoba’ kwama-Israyeli okufiswa nokugcina.
I-Oslo ayiyona idokhumenti yomthetho ethile engase isetshenziswe noma yenqatshwe. Kuyi-spectrum lapho abafana be-Beilin, uLieberman kanye namaPipes banokufana okuningi kunalokho abangakucabanga, futhi lapho isiphetho sabantu basePalestine sishiyelwa kubaholi abangenangqondo, abangakwazi ukucabanga ngaphandle kwendawo evumelekile eyabelwe bona Ama-Israel kanye namaMelika.
Ngeshwa, u-Abbas kanye neSiphathimandla sakhe basajabulele isikhala esingenalutho esiyi-Oslo, hhayi 'izivumelwano' - izinhlinzeko, izimiso kanye nenqwaba yamaphepha - kodwa isiko elikhohlakele - imali, izinzuzo kanye nokunqotshwa okunganqamuki.
- URamzy Baroud uyintatheli, umbhali kanye nomhleli wePalestine Chronicle. Incwadi yakhe yakamuva ithi Umhlaba Wokugcina: Indaba YasePalestine (Pluto Press, London, 2018). Uthole iPh.D. ezifundweni zasePalestine ezivela eNyuvesi yase-Exeter futhi ungumfundi ongahlali e-Orfalea Center for Global and International Studies, UCSB.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela