Isu namaqhinga abaphikisi baseVenezuela kuwukuphindaphinda kwezigameko ezenzeka ngaphambi kokuketulwa umbuso kuka-Hugo Chávez ngo-Ephreli 11, 2002 futhi ziyefana (yize ngandlela thize zihluke kakhulu) kumbhalo osetshenziswe e-Ukraine. nakwezinye izindawo. Ukuhlanekezela okusobala futhi kwezinye izimo kungamanga abezindaba (i-CNN nge-Spanish edlala indima eholayo) kumelela into ebalulekile kuhlelo.
Kunamaqembu amabili amakhulu abaphikisi abawahlanganisile futhi kukho konke ukubonakala bobabili benza ngokubambisana nakuba isitayela sabo, ngisho nesizinda senhlalo, sihlukile komunye nomunye. Iqembu elilodwa alinalo udlame kanti elinye lenza izenzo zobudlova kwezinye izimo ezibeka izimpilo engozini.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abafundi kanye nabanye abantu abasha benza imibhikisho abezindaba kanye nabaphikisayo ngokukhohlisayo abayibiza ngokuthi “i-pacific.” Lezi zinhlangano zibandakanya abafundi abavela emanyuvesi azimele kuphela futhi zisebenza kuphela ezindaweni ezicebile izimeya zazo (futhi kwezinye izimo ababusi) zingamaqembu aphikisayo. Imibhikisho ayikho emthethweni, nakuba abaningi bababhikishi beqiniseka (noma bekholwe abaholi babo) ukuthi basebenzisa ilungelo elikumthethosisekelo lokuphikisa. Kodwa-ke, cishe yonke le mibhikisho ithatha izindlela ezinkulu kanye nemigwaqo emikhulu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, ngokuvamile okuphoqa ukuthi kume izimoto bese kumele kudlule umzila owodwa nje. Ngokuvamile kuthatha amahora ukuthi izimoto zidlule kulawa maphuzu. Ezimweni eziningi ababhikishi bahlanganisa abantu abaphakathi kuka-15 no-80, futhi ezimweni ezimbalwa bangaphezu kwekhulu.
Iqembu lesibili lakha izivimbi lisebenzisa izikhwama zikadoti, izihlahla, amatshe amatshe nocingo oluhlabayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bahlakaze uwoyela emigwaqeni kokunye okudale izingozi ezibulala abantu. Ukuze uthole incazelo enhle kakhulu yalezi zenzo edolobheni laseMerida eduze komngcele wase-Colombia lapho udlame belushube kakhulu, bheka isihloko sika-Miguel Tinker Salas, obehlala lapho enyangeni edlule: http://venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/10456.
Yonke imizamo yabezokuphepha ukuze zilawule lezi zimo zombili ivezwe kwabezindaba ezizimele njengezenzo zengcindezelo ezinonya ezenziwa ngamaphoyisa, onogada beNational Guards kanye nabashayeli bezithuthuthu kanye namanye amaChavista ahlelwe “njengamaqoqo.” Nakuba abezindaba ngokuvamile beqaphela ukuthi abanye bababhikishi baye bahileleka odlameni, ukunakwa kugxile kulabo ababizwa ngokuthi "ababhikishi be-pacifist" ngaphandle kokuvuma okuncane ngesiphithiphithi abasidalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le mibiko iyehluleka ukuveza ukuthi isibalo esikhulu sezisulu okuhlanganisa nabashonile abalandeli bakaChávez okuhlanganisa nabezokuphepha. Emibhikishweni eminingi yasemadolobheni enodlame emhlabeni wonke, isilinganiso sababhikishi nabezokuphepha abalimala nababulawa sisuka ku-25 siye koyedwa noma 500 siye koyedwa. Lapha isilinganiso singase sibe sebangeni ledijithi eyodwa (isimo esifanayo senzeke e-Ukraine). Izimangalo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana zokuthi izenzo zobudlova zicasulwa "abangena ngaphakathi" (okushiwo ukuthi abangenele ngamaChavistas) ngezinye izikhathi kubonakala kwabezindaba.
Umdlalo wokugcina weskripthi uqukethe umbhikisho omkhulu "we-pacifist" obhekisa amabombo enkabeni yeCaracas "ne-vanguard" edala udlame futhi evusa ukudubula, okuholela ekufeni macala onke (ababhikishi, izakhamuzi zase-Chavista namabutho ezokuphepha), ngaleyo ndlela kuphoqelele uhulumeni ukuthi asule noma aqale ukuketula umbuso. Lesi simo sasifana ncamashí no-April 11, 2002. Ngaleso senzakalo, abezindaba nabaphikisayo baqamba amanga bathi uhlelo lukahulumeni lwezimo eziphuthumayo olwaziwa ngokuthi “i-Plan Avila” luhlanganisa ukucindezelwa okunonya okwandile. Abaphikisayo nabezindaba baqamba amanga bathi amaqembu e-Chavista ahlomile aziwa ngokuthi i-Bolivarian Circles alungele ukuhlasela ngobudlova amaqembu aphikisayo anokuthula nokuthi la maqembu ayenawo amathangi. Ukufa okungajwayelekile okungama-20 ngalolo suku (okuhlanganisa kokubili amaChavistas kanye nabaphikisayo) kwakuyizaba zokuketula umbuso, uhulumeni kaGeorge W. Bush (okuyinto njengoba imibhalo ibonisa ukuthi wayazi kahle ukuthi ubani owabulala) wasebenzisa. ukuthethelela ukwesekwa kwayo kuhulumeni we-de facto oholwa nguPedro Carmona.
Uhulumeni waseChavista ufunde kulokho okwenzeka ngo-April 11. UMongameli uNicolás Maduro kanye nomphathi-dolobha kamasipala waseCaracas' Libertador lapho kugxilwe khona imikhakha edumile baye benqaba ngokuqinile ukuvumela ababhikishi ukuba basuke engxenyeni esempumalanga yeCaracas ecebile baye endaweni yedolobha. Isikhathi nesikhathi ababhikishi bahlela amamashi aklanyelwe ukufinyelela enkabeni yedolobha nakuba benganikwanga izimvume. I-CNN kanye nabezindaba ngokujwayelekile bakhuluma ngokwehluleka kukahulumeni ukukhipha imvume yokumasha njengesibonelo sokuvinjelwa kwenkululeko yentando yeningi, ngaphandle kokusho ukuthi uhulumeni unesizathu esihle sokuvimbela amamashi ukuthi afinyelele endaweni yedolobha.
Indaba eyinkohliso yokucindezelwa kukahulumeni ephakanyiswe abaphikisayo kanye nabezindaba ezizimele iyingxenye ebalulekile yombhalo. Ngaphandle kodaba azikho izizathu zokuthi amaqembu aphikisayo afune ukushintshwa kombuso kuphela okufakwe esiqubulweni esithi “salida” (phuma). Impela kunezinkinga ezicindezelayo e-Venezuela ezihlanganisa ukushoda kwezinto eziyisisekelo (kanye nezinye ezingezona eziyisisekelo), ukwehla kwamandla emali kanye nobuhlongandlebe. Kodwa lezi zinkinga azikuthetheleli ukuketulwa kukahulumeni. Ukube bekuyizinkinga lezi, abantu bebonke bebengathi “linda kuze kube wukhetho olulandelayo bese uvotela amaChavistas aphume esikhundleni.” Ngokusobala, isu lamaqembu aphikisayo liwukudala izimo ezingase zisuse ukuketulwa umbuso (okuyinto engenakwenzeka kakhulu uma kuboniswa ukwethembeka kwebutho lezempi) noma (okungenzeka kakhulu) kubangele inqubo egugileyo lapho emjikelezweni wokhetho olandelayo umvoti omaphakathi esekela. abamele amaqembu aphikisayo abaziqhelelanisa nodlame okuthiwa luqhamuka nhlangothi zombili.
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