Uma ukhuluma ngeGreece โkanye โnenhlekelele,โ kulula ukuwela ogibeni โlokuhluka kwamaGreki.โ Phela, kungenxa yokubaluleka kwezindaba zasempumalanga lapho ukuqiniswa nokulungiswa kwesakhiwo kuye kwathethelelwa: amaGreki akhohlakele, ayavilapha futhi athanda izinkinga, futhi kufanele aguqulwe futhi athuthuke ukuze azuze. Kukhona ukuchezuka kokubukwa kwamazwe asempumalanga, nokho, okubonisa izimfanelo ezingavamile komunye: amaGreki anensalela yeqoqo, intshiseko yenguquko noma ubumbano, okuwenza abe maningi amathuba okuthi ahlele futhi amelane.
Zombili lezi zindaba ezixoxwayo zisivimbela ekuboneni ukuthi izimo ezadala โinhlekelele yamaGrekiโ zidlangile ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, ukuthi imali eyinhloko iqhubekela emigomweni yokukhipha inyumbazane nokuphucwa umhlaba ngisho nasesikhungweni sonxiwankulu, nokuthi ukumelana akulona igunya. kwabantu baseningizimu, kodwa maduze nje kuzoba ukuphela kokusabela okunengqondo ngisho nasenyakatho. Eqinisweni, "inkinga yamaGreki" ayilona "isiGreki" - ngoba iwuphawu nje lokushintshwa konxiwankulu bomhlaba wonke baye embusweni omusha wokuqongelela ngokusekelwe ekushaqekeni nasekuphucweni umhlaba - futhi akuyona "inhlekelele" ngomqondo umcimbi ongajwayelekile. Esikhundleni salokho, imele ukujwayelekile okusha okusongela ukunyakazisa izisekelo zokuphilisana komphakathi. Noma kunjalo, iGreece ibe yindawo enenhlanhla yokubuka ukuthi lolu shintsho lwepharadigm lomhlaba ludlala kanjani ngaphakathi kwemingcele yezwe elilodwa.
Ukuze siqonde ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kombuso โwokuqongelela ngokuphucwaโ, kuzodingeka ukuthi sigxile ekuhlaziyeni kwethu hhayi kuphela kwezomnotho omkhulu, izingxoxo, ukhetho, izinhlolovo, imibhikisho kanye nezinye izehlakalo ezimangalisayo, kodwa futhi - futhi ikakhulukazi - ezingeni elincane ukuphila kwansuku zonke edolobheni. Indawo yasemadolobheni ihlale icwebezela ubudlelwano obubanzi bamandla; ihlale isungulwa futhi iguqulwa amandla ezombusazwe kanye nezomnotho ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulawulwa kwabantu abahlala kuyo, kube lula ukuxhashazwa kwabo noma ukuvalelwa ngaphandle, futhi kuvimbele amathuba abo okunika amandla. Indawo yasemadolobheni, nokho, ingaba yindawo yokuhlalisana - indawo lapho kwakhiwa khona izibopho zomphakathi nemiphakathi, lapho kuvela khona ukuhlangana. Ekugcineni, ingaba yindawo yokumelana nokuzinqumela, indawo yokufakwa; ukufakwa hhayi kuphela emqondweni wamalungelo asemthethweni anikezwa yisibonelo samandla, kodwa ngomqondo wokubamba iqhaza okugcwele kwabo bonke abantu abahlukene kanye nezihloko empilweni yezombangazwe, ezomnotho kanye nezenhlalakahle.
Ukudliwa komhlaba, ukungasebenzi kwengqalasizinda engenamsebenzi, ukukhulisa nokuvuselela amadolobha, ukuthengiswa kwezidingo zabantu eziyisisekelo njengezindlu, ukudla, amanzi kanye nokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukukhishwa kwabantu ezindlini zabo, ukuxoshwa kwabantu ezindaweni zabo, ukucwaswa kwabantu bokufika, ukulwa nezimpi kanye nokwenyuka kokuqapha kuyizici ezibalulekile zezinqubomgomo zokuphucwa umhlaba, ezisetshenziswa emadolobheni. isikhala ngezindleko zamakilasi athandwayo. Ukumelana nalezi zinqubomgomo kuhlanganisa inqwaba yemizabalazo yokuthola โilungelo ledolobha,โ okungacatshangwa njengesiqinisekiso sezinsiza noma amathuba, kodwa njengesiqinisekiso sokuqoqwa kokuzikhethela kokuphila kwansuku zonke.
Umlando Omfishane Wendawo Yasemadolobheni eGreece
Ukuze senze umqondo wemizabalazo yasemadolobheni eye yanda eGreece kusukela ngo-2008, kufanele siqonde inqubo yokwakhiwa kwamadolobha aseGreece engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lamashumi amabili. Amadolobha aseGreece adlondlobala ngeminyaka yawo-1950 lapho ukuthuthuka kwezimboni ngokushesha kuhlangene nokucekelwa phansi nobutha okwashiywa yiMpi Yombango (1946-1949) kudonsela abantu basemaphandleni ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Imithetho yokuhlela exegayo, kanye nelungiselelo elingokomthetho elivumela abanikazi bezindawo ezincane ukuthi bakhe izakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu - ekugcineni ukuze kuzuze abakhi nabaxhasi babo bezombusazwe - kuyizici ezinquma ukuma kwedolobha kuze kube namuhla.
Lezi zenzakalo zazimelela inqubo yokuqala yokuvaleka eyacekela phansi imiphakathi yamasiko, yacekela phansi izindlu futhi yathuthukisa uhlobo olungavamile โlokuzihlukanisa phakathi kwesixuku sabanye.โ Izikhungo zamadolobha kanye nezindawo ezingomakhelwane ezidumile kuze kube namuhla zibonakala ngokuminyana kwabantu abaningi, imigwaqo emincane kanye nokuntuleka kwezindawo ezivulekile nezinsiza zomphakathi. Emashumini eminyaka "okuzizwa ujabule" ngawo-1990 kanye nawo-2000, "ukuceba" okugqugquzelwa yizikweletu kuqhubekisele phambili amakilasi aphakathi nendawo ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwedolobha. Ngaleso sikhathi, imizamo yokukhulisa abantu yayiqhubeka, okwaphumela โesiphithiphithini sokwakhaโ seMidlalo Yama-Olympic Yase-Athens ka-2004, lapho amaphrojekthi amaningi okuvuselela amadolobha edala amathuba engeziwe okuqongelela abantu abakhethekile, kuyilapho ekhuthaza ukufuduka, ukukhishwa inyumbazane, ingcindezelo kanye nokugadwa kwabampofu basemadolobheni.
Imizabalazo yokuthola kabusha indawo yasedolobheni yenzeke kakhulu ngoDisemba 2008, lapho ukubulawa kwamaphoyisa ngesihluku okwathatha inyanga yonke kwabhebhetheka njengomlilo wequbula ezweni lonke. Abafundi basesikoleni samabanga aphakeme nabasenyuvesi, abokufika kanye nentsha yasemadolobheni eyayingavunyelwe bathathe imigwaqo bebhikishela ukuhlukaniswa kwabantu basemadolobheni, ukuxhashazwa kanye nokungakhishwa inyumbazane okucashe ngaphansi kwe-faรงade yokuchuma. Ubunikazi obahlukene babahlanganyeli buhlanganiswe esihlokweni โesingaziwaโ esiyiqoqo esaqala, njengoba ukuvukela kuqhubeka, ukuguqula idolobha ngokuhlukaniswa - ngokuvamile okungokomfanekiso - izenzo zokwabiwa kabusha kwendawo yasemadolobheni, njengemisebenzi yezakhiwo zomphakathi, imigoqo, amamashi, ukudansa okungahleliwe kanye nezenzo zetiyetha emigwaqweni, ukuphazamiseka kwemicimbi esemthethweni kanye nokuphazamiseka kwethrafikhi nemisebenzi yezohwebo. Isici esivelele kwakuwukuntuleka ngokuphelele kwezidingo ezisemthethweni; ababhikishi babengalweli amalungelo noma izinguquko, kodwa babelwela ithuba lokuphila ngesithunzi nokuzimela, ukuhlanganisa izifiso zabo neqiniso.
Yize bekuyingqophamlando lesi sigameko, kufanele siqaphele ukuthi singakuhloniphi ukuvukela kwangoDisemba. Naphezu kokuhlanganiswa kobunikazi, isimo esinodlame nesimangalisayo semibhikisho sinikeze ithuba lokuzibonakalisa ngendlela ethile ethile - abesilisa abancane, abangesabi, abanamandla - futhi kwavimbela ukwakhiwa kwezikhala zokufakwa kwabantu bezinye izigaba zomphakathi - imindeni, phakathi - asebekhulile, abesifazane bokufika โ okungenzeka babenesizathu sokuthukuthela.
Noma kunjalo, โukukhalaโ okuhlangene kwangoZibandlela wezi-2008 kwakuwucingo lokuvusa umphakathi othule nongenandaba, futhi kushiye ifa lokubambisana komphakathi kanye nenkundla yomphakathi echazwe kabusha. Kwazalwa izinkulungwane zamaqoqo, kusukela emaqenjini ezombusazwe kuya emibuthanweni yobuciko kuya ezinyunyaneni zabasebenzi. Isizukulwane esisha esisha sentsha egxile kwezombangazwe safundiswa ngombono ovundlile, ubumbano kanye namaqhinga okuthatha isinyathelo esiqondile, futhi imikhuba emisha yendawo yamukelwa ukunyakaza komphakathi, okwaphumela ekusakazweni kwama-squats nezikhungo zomphakathi kuwo wonke amagumbi ezwe.
"Inkinga yezikweletu" eyaqubuka ngo-2010 yasebenza kuphela ekuqiniseni ukungezwani okukhona komphakathi, futhi ngenxa yalokho yabhebhethekisa izingxabano endaweni yasemadolobheni. Ngenkathi abahlonishwayo kanye nabezindaba bezama ukudonsela abantu ohambweni lwecala oluhlangene โlokuphila okungaphezu kwamandla abo,โ umsebenzi omkhulu wobunjiniyela bezenhlalo waqalwa, oklanyelwe ukuphuca umhlaba futhi ukhiphe inqwaba yabantu. Zonke izimpahla zombuso nengqalasizinda zikhushulwe kwabafaka isicelo esiphezulu; amaholo, izimpesheni, amalungelo abasebenzi kanye nezinhlelo zezenhlalakahle zezigaba ezithandwayo zancishiswa ngobusuku obubodwa; ukuwohloka komnotho kungacekela phansi umgogodla wokukhiqiza wezwe futhi kudaleke ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi nosizi; intela ehlehliswayo engenabulungiswa kanye nokukhuphuka kwezikweletu zasekhaya ezinikezwayo coup de grace. Izinqubomgomo zokuphucwa umhlaba ezizungeza indawo zokusebenza zahlangatshezwana nokumelana nokwehla kwamandla ezisebenzi, kodwa izingxabano ezimangalisayo zenkathi yenhlekelele zenzeka endaweni yasemadolobheni.
Ukulawulwa Kwendawo Ngommeleli
Ukulandisa kwendawo yombuso we-neoliberal kuhlale kuhilela inani labantu โabahlehlayoโ okufanele โlethwe emhlabeni ophucuzekile.โ Umbuso ubonakala njengamandla โwokwenza izinto ngendlela enengqondo,โ enweba ukulawula kwawo idolobha futhi ulwe nemikhuba โecwile emanziniโ kanye โnezingekho emthethweniโ ukuze kulethwe isamba sabantu ngaphansi komthetho. Nokho, iqiniso lihluke kakhulu. Esimeni sokungabi nabulungiswa kanye nentukuthelo ethandwayo elethwa ukuhlelwa kabusha kwe-neoliberal, indima yombuso ukuqukatha ukuphikiswa, ukuphoqelela izinqubo eziqhubekayo zokuvalela ngaphandle kanye nokugcina ukuthula komphakathi nganoma iyiphi indlela. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngenkathi umbuso waseGreece wasebenzisa izinqubo eziningi zengcindezelo โezisemthethweniโ - ukwanda kokugadwa, ukushushiswa ngokomthetho imizabalazo yezenhlalo - ikakhulukazi waphendukela ezindleleni โezingakahlelekiโ. Izibonelo zifaka izindlela ezinonya zokulawula izixuku, ukwenza uzimele okuhlelekile, ukushaywa kanye nokuhlukunyezwa kwezishoshovu ngamandla okuhleleka futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, izindlela ezintsha zokulawula indawo ngommeleli.
Enye yalezo zindlela ukuhlangana kwamaphoyisa neqembu le-neo-Nazi le-Golden Dawn ukuze โavimbezeleโ idolobha. IGolden Dawn yaqala ukugqama emphakathini ngesikhathi iduna โikomiti lezakhamiziโ endaweni yabasebenzi emaphakathi ne-Athene, i-Ayios Panteleimonas, belisebenzisa njengemoto ukuphoqa โukuhlanzwa kohlanga.โ Abokufika bahlaselwa ngodlame baxoshwa endaweni yizixhwanguxhwangu ezinodlame, amamashi obumbano ephikisana nokuvinjezelwa kwakhahlelwa ngezinyembezi, ngisho nenkundla yokudlala enkabeni yenkundla ibikhiyiwe futhi igadiwe ukuze ingasetshenziswa imindeni yabokufika.
Njengoba manje sifakaza kuyo yonke i-Global North, okucatshangwa ukuthi izinsongo ekuzinzeni komphakathi kungase kusebenze ukusabela nokucwasa abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe. Ngamaqhinga ekherothi nezinti, i-Golden Dawn yasebenzisa ithuba lokuwa kohlelo lwamaqembu amabili olwaludlangile kusukela ekuguqukeleni kwentando yeningi ngo-1974. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, yahlakulela isithombe esithi "Robin Hood" ngokuhlela ukunikezwa kokudla kanye neminikelo yegazi "yamaGreki kuphela" - uhlobo oluhlanekezelwe nolungabandakanyi "lokuhlanganisa." Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwaqala ukubusa okwesabekayo, lapho amaqembu abulalayo e-neo-Nazi ezulazula emigwaqweni ezindaweni eziningi futhi ehlasela noma ubani obukeka โengathandekiโโnoma ubani obukeka njengowokufika, ongqingili, othanda ubulili obuhlukile, oshisekayo njalo njaloโ ngesibusiso noma ngokubamba iqhaza ngqo kwamaphoyisa. Umkhankaso wokucwasa abokufika wathatha iminyaka eminingana, futhi washiya amakhulu ezisulu. Kwaba ngemva kokubulawa komrepha ophikisana nobufascist u-Pavlos Fyssas kanye nokuqiniswa okwalandela kwamaqhinga e-antifa ehlukaniswa yizinhlangano zomphakathi lapho imigwaqo ingabuyiselwa khona. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi ethandwayo, umbuso wanquma "ukufaka intambo" kubalingani bawo bakudala.
Uhlobo olufanayo "lokulawulwa kwendawo ngommeleli" selusetshenziswe esimweni se-Exarcheia isikhathi eside manje. Amaphoyisa aphushela amaqembu ezigebengu ahleliwe adayisa izidakamizwa endaweni, osekunesikhathi eside eyisizinda seqembu le-anarchist, emzamweni wokuqeda amaqoqo kanye nemiphakathi egcwele kuyo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuhweba nge-heroin kudlangile, ukuziphatha okuphambene nomphakathi kuvame futhi ama-mafia anonya abusa "indawo" yawo ngesandla sensimbi. Muva nje, amaqembu e-anarchist anqume ukuzibambela mathupha futhi axoshe amaqembu ezigebengu e-Exarcheia ngokuhlela amasosha okuzivikela ukuze agade indawo. Nakuba kusesekuseni kakhulu ukusho ukuthi kube yimpumelelo yini, lokhu kuwumzamo onzima kakhulu, njengoba imibuzo eqondile yokubusa kombuso wodlame iphakamisa imibuzo enzima ehlobene nokugunyazwa komphakathi kwamasosha, isibopho esihlangene kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okunengqondo.
Ngokwalezi zibonelo ezingenhla, umqondo wokuthi umbuso we-neoliberal uyi-ejenti โyokuhluzaโ elwa nemikhuba engaphansi kwamanzi kanye neyokungahlelekile uyachithwa. Kunalokho, umbuso unamandla okunquma ukuthi yiziphi izenzo ezingakahleleki ezizobekezelelwa noma zithuthukiswe nokuthi yiziphi ezizoshushiswa, ngokwamaqhinga awo amanje.
Ukuhlangana Nokuhlukana Kwemizabalazo
Njengoba le nkinga ishuba, umzuzwana owawuchaza ipolitiki yasemazingeni aphansi eGreece kwaba ukuhlalwa kwezikwele "abathukuthele" kusukela ngoMeyi 2011 kuya phambili, ngesikhathi esifanayo nokunyakaza kwe-Spanish 15M. Isixuku sabantu abanemvelaphi nama-ajenda ahlukene โ ngokwezibalo ezithile, umGreki oyedwa kwabane โ ubambe iqhaza emisebenzini nasemihlanganweni. Lokhu kwehlukahlukana kwaba yinzuzo ngempela, njengoba kwenza i-osmosis phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukene nabantu ngabanye kanye nokuvela kwezinhlelo ezintsha nezinqubo. Noma kunjalo,โ ukuba khona kwe-minoritarian โ ukuba khona kwezinkulumo zobuzwe kanye nokungabikho โkwesigabaโ njengohlaka lokuhlaziya kuxoshe izishoshovu ezithile eziqinile kude nezikwele.
Naphezu kwanoma yikuphi ukungqubuzana kanye nobunzima obamukelekayo babacasukile ukuze bazibone โnjengomnyakazo,โ umthelela wezikwele mayelana nemikhuba yendawo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezindawo ezivamile zasemadolobheni bekubalulekile. Ngemuva kwalezi zikwele, kwavela inqwaba yemihlangano yasendaweni. Okubalulekile kwabo kwakungasekho ukuthonya intuthuko esigabeni esimaphakathi sezombusazwe, kodwa ukuzihlela nokuzivikela ekuhlaselweni okuzayo kwezindinganiso zokuphila ezithandwayo - ukukhuthaza ukuzimela nokuqina kwemiphakathi yendawo, ukugcwalisa izikhala ezishiywe ngemuva kokuhlehla. umbuso wezenhlalakahle, kanye nokulwa nobubha kanye nokuntuleka kwemisebenzi ngokugqugquzela imizamo yobumbano.
Esimweni sokuhlangana kwabantu basemadolobheni okugqugquzelwa imihlangano yomakhelwane, izinqubo zomsebenzi zathola ukuba semthethweni futhi zanda. Kwakungaseyona nje intsha ebhikishayo ehlala ezindaweni zomphakathi ukuze iguqule lezi zindawo ezivamile, kodwa iqoqo elixubile labancane nabadala, amadoda nabesifazane, imindeni kanye nabantu ngabanye, abokufika kanye nabomdabu. Le mikhuba ibonakala ngokuthathwa komhlaba wasemadolobheni ukuze uguquke ube izingadi zemifino ezilawulwa wena, ezilawulwa umphakathi. Kunjalo, isibonelo, iPERKA (โPeri-urban Farmingโ) eThessaloniki kanye Nezingadi Zasemadolobheni Ezizilawulayo zase-Elliniko e-Athens, ngezizathu zesizinda sezempi esilahliwe kanye nesikhumulo sezindiza sase-Athens sangaphambili ngokulandelana. Ngokwemigomo yememorandamu yokuqondana phakathi kukahulumeni waseGreece kanye ne-Troika yababolekisi bangaphandle, zombili iziza zibekelwe ukuthi zenziwe ezizimele futhi zithuthukiswe zibe izindlu zikanokusho nezohwebo. Kuzo zombili izimo, ukunyakaza kwezakhamizi okubanzi kudinga ukuguqulwa kwazo zibe amapaki amadolobha anezindawo zomphakathi esikhundleni salokho.
Imizamo yokuzivikela emphakathini yanda ngesikhathi uhulumeni ebeka intela ehlehlisiwe yobunikazi bomhlaba - okubizwa ngokubhuqa. haratsi, ngenxa yokukhumbuza intela yokuvota yase-Ottoman edelelekile - ekhokhiswa ngokungafanele ngesikweletu sikagesi. Abanikazi bezindlu ababehluleka ukukhokha intela babenqanyulwa amandla abo; lokho kwakuvamile ezweni lapho amaholo ayencishisiwe futhi ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yabasebenzi yayiphelelwe umsebenzi. Lesi sinyathelo esidabukisayo besiyodala isimo esibheke enhlekeleleni yobuntu, ukube bekungengenxa โyokulwaโ okuzihlelele.haratsiโ amakomiti omakhelwane, azocelwa ukuthi axhume kabusha ngokusemthethweni amandla emindeni engakwazi ukukhokhela intela.
Ukuhlinzekwa kokudla kwakungenye indawo ebalulekile yokuzivikela. Eshumini leminyaka elidlule, ukusatshalaliswa kokudla kwakubanjwe abakwa-oligopolistic, abalinganisa amanani, abenza ukudla kwansuku zonke kungafinyeleleki kumakilasi adumile, kuyilapho becindezela umkhawulo wenzuzo wabakhiqizi bokudla. Umnyakazo wokunqamula abathengisi uqale ngokuthi amazambane agcwele amaloli afike ezigcawini ezimaphakathi nedolobha azodayiswa ngqo ukuze kuphele abathengi. โInhlangano yamazambaneโ yasheshe yaphenduka yaba inhlangano โyezimakethe zabashokobeziโ eyayihlala abantu basemadolobheni ngaphandle kwezimvume, izama ukuhlanganisa abalimi nabathengi naphezu kokusongelwa ngokuxoshwa, ukuboshwa kanye nokubhekana nezithakazelo ezigxilile.
Ukwakhiwa โkokuhlangana kwezindawo zasemadolobheniโ kunwetshelwe ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, ngokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi enwetshiwe yemitholampilo yobumbano ezilawulwa yona; ezinye izinhlobo zezimali, ikakhulukazi i-TEM eVolos, i-Syntagma Time Bank e-Athens, i-Koino e-Thessaloniki nezinye ezingamashumi amabili nambili; imifelandawonye yabathengi, njengeBios Coop eThessaloniki, ehlanganisa imindeni engaphezu kuka-450 ekubuyiseleni ukuzimela kwayo kokudla; amakhishi obumbano, ahlinzeka ngokudla kwamahhala noma okunezindleko eziphansi kakhulu, ekhuthaza ama-punters ukuthi abambe iqhaza ekuphekeni nasekusabalaliseni ukudla; kanye nenqwaba yamadlelandawonye abasebenzi alinganayo, agxile kakhulu emkhakheni wezinsizakalo, njengalawo angaphansi kwe-Athens Network of Worker Cooperatives.
Hlobo Luni โlweLungelo Lokungena Edolobheniโ?
Ezweni elinjenge-puritan nenkolo njengeGreece, ukubaluleka kwemicimbi "yokubonakala" efana ne-Gay Pride March noma i-Naked Bike Ride ekubuyiseni indawo yomphakathi ukuze kutholakale uhlobo olugcwele lobunikazi neminye imikhuba angeke yeqiswe. Ngempela, lezi zenzakalo zihlala ziba yizindawo zokungqubuzana neSonto Lobu-Orthodox noma ilungelo elidlulele. Lezi zehlakalo, nokho, zibhekene nenye ingozi eyengeziwe: ngezinga lapho zikhuthaza umbono womuntu ngamunye โwelungelo ledolobhaโ futhi zehluleke ukwamukela umbono wempambano wengcindezelo yomphakathi, zingaziphendulela โimakethe ye-nicheโ ngokuzithandela umongo wokuvuselelwa kwedolobha, lapho ukwehlukahlukana kwaziswa ngaphansi kwayo inqobo nje uma isimiso senhlalo esiphezulu sihlala silelokushintshaniswa kwezimakethe. Impela, โukwehlukahlukanaโ, โubucikoโ kanye โnokusungula izinto ezintshaโ kuyimiqondo ewumongo yezinqubo ze-gentrification eziqhubekayo emadolobheni amaningi aseYurophu. Lezi zinqubo zokubekela eceleni zicabangela umthengi wamalungelo ngamunye, kunokuba amaqoqo asebenzayo aqinisekisa ilungelo lawo lokuzinqumela ukuphila kwansuku zonke edolobheni.
Ukubhekana nazo zonke lezi zicindezelo ngesikhathi esisodwa, i-Radical Pride, umcimbi wokuziqhenya kwe-gay "okunye" owagcina ukuzimela kwawo ezikhungweni zomphakathi kanye nabaxhasi bezinkampani, uhlelwe eThessaloniki kulo nyaka. I-Radical Pride inikeze uhlaka olucebile lokuqonda ukuthi ubulili, uhlanga, isigaba, ukukhetha ocansini, ubuzwe, ubudala noma amandla kuhlangana kanjani ekukhiqizweni kwengcindezelo nokungabandakanywa. Ngakho-ke yafuna ukuqinisekisa isenzo esihlangene futhi ixhumanise umzabalazo wenhlangano ye-LGBTQ neminye imizabalazo yasemadolobheni.
Mayelana nokugqugquzelwa kwabantu basemadolobheni, nokho, kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi akuzona zonke izinqubo eziya phezulu ezihlanganisa imvelo. Ngokuphawulekayo, umsebenzi ophambili walokho okubizwa ngokuthi โamakomiti abahlaliโ uwukukhulisa inani lomhlaba, njengoba amalungu enesithakazelo somuntu siqu ekwaziseni izakhiwo zawo. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuhlanganisa nemizamo yokugwema โabangathandekiโ endaweni. Akumangazi-ke ukuthi amakomiti abahlali avame ukuthathwa yizici zamafascist. Eqinisweni, ukukhishwa inyumbazane kanye ne-fascism kuyisimo esibi esingaphansi kwemiklamo ecwebezelayo yokuvuselela amadolobha kanye nokwakhiwa โkwamadolobha angamamodeli.โ
Ngempela, ezingxabanweni zamuva nje ezithinta ababaleki, amakomiti โabahlaliโ abacwasa abokufika adlale indima engabazekayo ngokuphikisana nokufakwa kwabo empilweni yomphakathi. Ngokunjalo, umbuso uphatha usizi lwababaleki njengendaba yokuhleleka komphakathi futhi uzama ukubenza bahlale bodwa ezimweni ezidabukisayo emakamu, kude nezindawo zasemadolobheni. Njengempendulo, izinhlangano zobumbano ziye zamisa ngesineke izinhlaka zobumbano ukuze zifake ababaleki empilweni yezenhlalo yedolobha. Okuhamba phambili kule mizamo yizindawo zokukhosela zababaleki ezizimele ezakhiwe e-Athens, Thessaloniki nakwamanye amadolobha - ezimbalwa zazo ezaxoshwa ngamaphoyisa ngonyaka odlule.
Kuthiwani Ngoshintsho Lwesistimu?
Ngo-2013, ukwakhiwa kwephrojekthi ye-hegemonic yaseSyriza kwakuqhubekela phambili. Cishe akukho ukunyakaza okwahlala kungathinteki isifiso seqembu sokuzibonakalisa njengenkulumo yezepolitiki yemizabalazo emelene nobuzwe kanye nokubusa umqondo wobumbano. Namuhla sibhekene nomphumela wokugcina wale nqubo: izinqubomgomo zokuphucwa umhlaba ziyaqina ngaphansi kukahulumeni ophiko lwesobunxele, kuyilapho ukuphikiswa kuncishisiwe, futhi "ukuthula komphakathi" - okufiswa kakhulu ngabahlonishwa bamazwe ngamazwe nabasekhaya - sekuvikelwe. Lokhu kunqotshwa, nokho, akuwona umsebenzi weSyriza yedwa kodwa futhi kukhombisa ukulinganiselwa kwangaphakathi kokunyakaza. Ngenkathi ngiseSpain, ngokwesibonelo, isifiso sabantu soshintsho lwesikhungo sasiqondiswe kakhulu ezingeni lendawo kanye namadlelandawonye ahlanganiswe yizinhlangano ngokwazo, eGreece, ithonya elikabili, ngakolunye uhlangothi, lenhlangano ye-anarchist, enenzondo. kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuzimbandakanya nezikhungo, futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iphalamende eliqinile kanye nelinye langaphandle kwephalamende, okuthi ngokomqondo walo wezibalo lihluleke ukubona ukubaluleka kwezinhlobo zokuhlanganyela kukahulumeni wendawo, okuvimbele ukuvela kwezinhlelo zomasipala abazimele.
Ngo-2014, i-dimotopia.gr kamasipala (manje engasekho) yahlonza izinhlaka zomasipala abazimele eziyi-17 ezazinentando yeningi eqondile njengento eyinhloko yohlelo lwabo. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, bambalwa ababekwazile ukumelwa. Abaningi bathola ukwesekwa yiSyriza; lokhu kwabanika umfutho okhethweni, ngenxa yokuthi kancane kancane bathathwe osopolitiki abangochwepheshe futhi balahlekelwe isimilo sabo esiphansi. Esinye sezimo ezinjalo ukwakheka "Ukuphikisa Izakhamuzi" kumasipala wase-Athene waseChalandri. Ngemuva kokuhlala isikhathi eside njengeqembu elincane eliphikisayo, lathatha isikhundla sobumeya ngo-2015. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, amalungu alo amaningi asebenesikhathi eside asula, egxeka imeya entsha ngokweqa izimiso eziyisisekelo zokubunjwa nokuhambisana nokuqiniswa kukahulumeni. izinqubomgomo.
Kusekuseni kakhulu ukusho ukuthi ngabe inhlangano yomasipala eSpain ibe nethonya elibalulekile kwezepolitiki yesikhungo - inkulumompikiswano eqinile nokugxekwa kuye kwavela kulo mbuzo ngaphakathi kwenhlangano uqobo. Nokho, singaphikisa ngokuthi eGreece, ukushoda kokuxhumana kwezepolitiki emazingeni aphansi - okhethweni noma ngenye indlela - kwenze ukuba kuqhutshekwe nezinqubomgomo zokuqiniswa. Nakuba ukusola kwezingxenye ezinkulu zemikhankaso ebheke kwezepolitiki yokhetho kuyaqondakala, akufanele neze lokhu kuhunyushwe ekubeni manqikanqika ukuhlela, ukubambisana, ukuvumelana, ukukhuphula, ukufinyelela emphakathini, ukubamba iqhaza ngokuzimisela ezingxoxweni zomphakathi. Akukho ukufaneleka kokukhetha, ukubandlulula noma ukuhlanzeka kwemibono.
Iminyaka embalwa yokuqala yenhlekelele ilethe ukugunyazwa okujulile kwesistimu yezombusazwe namasathelayithi ayo - amaqembu ezombusazwe, izinyunyana zabasebenzi, abezindaba - kanye nokuqedwa kobunikazi obakhiwe mayelana nesimo senhlalo, umsebenzi noma ukusetshenziswa. Lokhu akuvezanga nje kuphela ukudangala nokwesula, kodwa kwaphinde kwaqubuka ukuqhuma kwenhlangano emazingeni aphansi okwathinta izimpilo zabaningi futhi kwakha izinhlaka, amaqoqo kanye nemikhuba yokubuyisela idolobha ukuze lithole izifundo ezihlukahlukene. Esiqongweni salokhu kugqugquzelwa, kwaba nethemba elisabalele lokuthi ukunqwabelana nje kwemifelandawonye yasemadolobheni kwakuzokwanela ukushintsha ngokuphawulekayo isimo sasemadolobheni nokudala amandla omphakathi aphikisanayo anele ukuze inselele ngempumelelo izinqubo zokuphucwa umhlaba.
Esigabeni esilandelayo, izinhlangano ezisuka emazingeni aphansi zazibhekene nombuzo ongenakugwenywa wokuxhumana kwezombusazwe kanye noshintsho lwesikhungo, futhi zabizwa ukuba zizibeke endaweni yazo ngokuhlonipha iphrojekthi ye-hegemonic eyakhiwe yi-Syriza. Abanye bahlonzwe ngephrojekthi futhi bahlanganiswa yiyo; abanye bathatha isikhundla sokuqapha kodwa esinengqondo, bezama ukuxoxisana ngezinzuzo zezombangazwe ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ubunjalo babo; abanye basawugxeka umsebenzi we-Syriza futhi baziqhelelanisa nawo, kodwa ngaphandle kokukhiqiza enye indlela yokuxhumana kwezombusazwe. Lesi kwakuyisikhathi sezinxushunxushu nezinkulumompikiswano.
Kulesi sigaba samanje, amathemba oshintsho ezikhungweni ashabalala, ukunyakaza kwabantu emazingeni aphansi kulahlekelwe ubuntu bawo, kanti amaqoqo asele angena ohlelweni lokucabangisisa nokuchazwa kabusha kwesu. Iphuzu elilodwa eliyisihluthulelo okufanele liqokonyiswe kulokho kucabanga ukubaluleka kwemizabalazo yasemadolobheni emazingeni aphansi phakathi nenhlekelele, kungabhekwa nje izinsongo zangaphandle ababhekana nazoโ ingcindezelo kanye nokusebenzelanaโkodwa futhi nokulinganiselwa kwabo kwangaphakathi: imvelo yabo ephikisanayo, ukuhlukana kwabo ngokwemibono, ubunzima babo ekutholeni isilulumagama esivamile, ekuxhumaniseni nasekwakheni isihloko esihambisanayo sezombangazwe. Lokhu kushiyeka, nokho, akumele kuthathwe njengesehluleki, njengoba umjikelezo wokuphikisa nokuzithoba awukaze ube umdlalo we-zero-sum. Kukhona "ukuchichima" okuqhubekayo futhi kwakha i-substrate yomjikelezo olandelayo wokuhlanganisa. Lokhu kuchichima kuhlanganisa imibono, imikhuba, izindinganiso kanye namathuba okusebenza ayengekho eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, ngaphezu kwezwi elisha enkulumweni yeningi, ebeka phambili ukubambisana komphakathi kanye nokuzikhethela.
UTheodoros Karyotis isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu, umhumushi kanye nesishoshovu esibamba iqhaza emikhankasweni yezenhlalo ekhuthaza ukuzilawula, umnotho wobumbano kanye nokuvikela ukuhlangana. Ubhala ku autonomias.net.
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