Sekuyisikhathi eside abantu base-South Asian bethakathwa yimikhuba yamandla kwezombusazwe zesifunda. Ukuchaza ukuphila isikhathi eside komkhaya wakwaNehru-Gandhi eNdiya, amaBandaranaike eSri Lanka, namaBhutto asePakistan kuye kwaba isihloko esiyintandokazi kwabaningi abaye bafunda izwekazi laseNdiya. Ngaphandle kwama-akhawunti achazayo wepolitiki eguquguqukayo, izifundiswa zivame ukusebenzisa igama elithi patrimonial - i-la Weber - ukuchaza ukuhleleka kwezepolitiki kwemiphakathi yangemva kobukoloni, okubonisa imvelo yomuntu siqu yamandla ahleliwe.
Naphezu kwemithelela evame ukuvela ethnocentric yezinhlobo ze-Weberian, kuyiqiniso ukuthi izinhlelo eziningi zamandla zangemva kobukoloni zibonisa izici zamasiko ezigxilile. Imibhalo eminingi emayelana nobudlelwano babaxhasi namakhasimende imele umzamo osobala kakhulu wokuqonda indlela isiko elibonakala ngayo emkhakheni wezepolitiki. Ngokujwayelekile umnyombo walolu daba ukuhlonza ukuthi isiko likhulunywa kanjani ngokuhambisana nepolitiki nezomnotho. Ukuqonda okuphelele kuphela kwesakhiwo senhlalo lapho isiko, ipolitiki kanye nezomnotho kwamukelwa ngokufanelekile kuvumela ukuhlaziya okunengqondo kwemiphakathi yesimanje yangemva kobukoloni.
Ngeshwa nokho, izinkulumo ezijwayelekile zezepolitiki nezobuhlakani e-South Asia zivame ukuqhela kuma-akhawunti wesakhiwo. Ukuthambekela okukhona ukukhomba okwenzeka kuma-ejenti angawodwana, futhi ikakhulukazi ubuholi bezepolitiki obudlula impilo yezifundazwe zaseNingizimu Asia. Lokhu akusho ukusikisela ukuthi abantu ngabanye abanandima emlandweni; ngempela, ngabantu ngabanye kanye namaqoqo abawakhayo/abamele lokho okubangela ushintsho lwezenhlalo nezombusazwe. Kodwa ukuqonda kwangempela kwendima edlalwa abantu ekulolongeni umlando kungenzeka kuphela uma kucatshangelwa indawo yesakhiwo lapho benza khona.
E-Pakistan lokhu kushiyeka kobuhlakani mhlawumbe kugqama kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nayo yonke iNingizimu Asia ngomqondo wokuthi ipolitiki ivame ukuvezwa njengomdlalo wezihlalo zomculo ohilela idlanzana labantu nemindeni. Lesi simo asiyona ingozi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi kukhombisa imizamo yombuso ngamabomu kusukela ngowe-1977 yokususa abantu abasebenzayo epolitikini yoguquko ngokufaka isikhungo sepolitiki enokugxeka, esekelwe ekuxhaseni. Esikhathini esandulela umthetho wezempi weZia, ezombangazwe ezidumile zase ziqhamuke ngendlela emangalisayo futhi zaxova umbuso kanye namandla omphakathi abusayo; ukusabela kwe-Ziaist kuhloswe ngabodwa ukubukela phansi lo mkhuba omusha odumile. Phakathi neminyaka kaZia nangemva kwalokho isikhulu sezempi esingumdlali ovelele wezepolitiki ePakistan siwubukele phansi ngempumelelo lo mbono wepolitiki nosopolitiki emehlweni omphakathi.
Iphuzu lesibili nelihlobene nalo elokuthi ukubusa kwamasosha kwezepolitiki yasePakistan, okuboniswe kahle kakhulu ngezikhathi ezintathu ezinde zokubusa kwezempi, kusho ukuthi abasePakistan sebekujwayele lokho okubonakala kuwukubusa komuntu oyedwa. Ojenene u-Ayub, u-Yahya, u-Zia kanye no-Musharraf bamele izintshisekelo zamasosha kanye namanye amaqembu aqavile. Kodwa-ke, emqondweni odumile la madoda kwakungabantu abanamandla futhi ababenomthwalo wemfanelo kuzo zonke izici zenqubomgomo yomphakathi. Isikhungo sezempi siphinde senza isiqiniseko sokuthi siyawuqinisa lo mbono ngasekupheleni kwawo wonke umthetho omude wezempi ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi ukucasuka komphakathi ngokumelene nalowo ophethe akulimazi isithombe sesikhungo sezempi.
Isimo sangemva kokhetho sibukela phansi imithelela yesikhathi eside yemishini yezempi. Ezinyangeni ezine esezidlulile kusukela okhethweni, incane kakhulu inqubekelaphambili ebonakalayo eyenziwe ngokomthetho noma ngisho nasekukhipheni imininingwane mayelana nokuhlelwa kokwabiwa kwamandla. I-Pakistan People's Party (PPP) eholwa umfelokazi ka-Benazir Bhutto u-Asif Zardari yiqembu elibusayo, okungenani ebusweni, kanti iqembu likandunankulu uNawaz Sharif's Pakistan Muslim League - Nawaz (PML-N) yilo elihweba kakhulu. isifundazwe sasePunjab esibalulekile. Khonamanjalo uGeneral Pervez Musharraf osewathatha umhlalaphansi ucashe ngemuva ngokungakhululeki, usathi unelungelo ngokomthethosisekelo lokudlala indima yokuba umongameli, kanti izitha zakhe, iJaji Eliyinhloko elisahoxisiwe u-Iftikhar Chaudhry naye usalokhu engumuntu obalulekile njengoba udaba lokubuyiselwa kwakhe lusaqhubeka. beka zonke ezinye izindaba ngemuva.
Kafushane, lesi simo sifana ngempela nomdlalo wezihlalo zomculo ezinamaqhawe amane amakhulu. Noma mhlawumbe kunembile kakhulu ukuphakamisa ukuthi yile ndlela ingqondo ethandwayo echaza ngayo isimo sezindaba. Ngokwezinga elikhulu lo mbono odumile ungabangelwa ukuvezwa kwabezindaba kwezehlakalo zezombangazwe, okuvusa amadlingozi nangaphandle kwentokozo. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-hyperbole enkulu ijikeleza emphakathini obanzi okwenza ezombangazwe zezihlalo zomculo zibe isiprofetho esizigcwalisayo.
Empeleni izehlakalo zezepolitiki zibonisa amaphethini esakhiwo angaphansi. U-Asif Zardari kanye no-Nawaz Sharif bamele izifunda zezepolitiki ezihlukene, kuyilapho bethi bamele umphakathi ngokuvamile. Bavunyelwe ngaphakathi kohlelo lwezepolitiki obuswa amasosha futhi empeleni bazama ukuvulela amaqembu abo isikhala ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yalo myalelo. Uma kubhekwa ukwehla okumangalisayo kwesithunzi samasosha, ngokusobala bazama ukuthola isabelo esikhulu samandla kunasesikhathini esedlule, kodwa futhi abazinikele ekulungiseni kabusha isakhiwo.
Lokhu okungenani ngokwengxenye kuwumsebenzi wokuvuma kwabo indima eyadlalwa i-United States ne-Saudi Arabia kwezombusazwe zasePakistan. Womabili la mazwe ombuso wama-imperialism ngokomlando azibophezele ohlelweni lwezepolitiki olubuswa amasosha, futhi asalokhu enjalo nanamuhla. Womabili la mandla afuna ukubona inani elithile lozinzo ePakistan lapho amaqembu ezepolitiki ajwayelekile athola isabelo samandla ngaphandle kokuzamazama isikebhe samasosha ngaphezu kwephuzu.
Lokhu kungithatha ngiye kwezempi. Namanje ingumxazululi kwezepolitiki yasePakistan, isanda kubuyela emuva izama ukuvuselela isithunzi sayo ngemuva kweminyaka engaphezu kweyisi-8 yokubusa okuqondile lapho yayingaphansi kokusolwa kakhulu emphakathini kunanoma yisiphi esinye isikhathi emlandweni wezwe. U-Musharraf usasenkingeni ngoba ujabulela okungenani ukwesekwa ngamasosha. Mhla isikhulu esiphezulu sezempi sinquma ukuthi unesibopho esikhulu sesikhungo, u-Musharraf uzoba umlando.
Bese kuba khona u-Iftikhar Chaudhry. Umele ngokungananazi izifiso zoshintsho lwengxenye ebanzi yamandla ezenhlalo nezepolitiki angamelwe ohlelweni lwezombangazwe obuswa amasosha. I-Jamaaโt-e-Islami (JI), ngokomlando engumfelandawonye wenhlangano yezempi, iphinde yabambelela kuMnu. Chaudhry ngoba yaluduba ukhetho lwangoFebhuwari futhi manje izithola isiyiqhwa enkathini entsha yezombusazwe. Inhlangano eholwa ngummeli yokubuyisela uMnu. Chaudhry nokho ihlukene ngokwemibono futhi ingase isetshenziswe uma i-PPP ne-PML-N ingaguquki ngokushesha uhlelo olusebenzayo lokwabelana ngamandla.
Njengamanje, umuntu ka-Asif Zardari uza ngokugxekwa kakhulu emehlweni omphakathi. Usolwa ngokungafezi igunya lokhetho lwangoFebhuwari 18 ngokungabuyisi u-Iftikhar Chaudhry kanye nozakwabo abangama-60, kanti futhi wehluleka ukuletha impumuzo kubantu abasebenzayo okumanje ababhekene nenkinga enkulu yeminyaka engaphezu kwengu-8 yokungalawuleki. i-neo-liberalism. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, igrafu yokuduma kuka-Nawaz Sharif iyanda ngenxa 'yesimo sakhe esinqunyiwe' mayelana nokubuyiselwa kwamajaji. Kodwa-ke, uma esikhundleni sikaMnu. Zardari njengomholi weqembu eliningi, uMnu. Sharif kungenzeka ukuthi ubengaphansi kokusolwa emphakathini. UMnu. Musharraf osewathatha umhlalaphansi useyindoda engathandwa kakhulu ePakistan, nakuba ukuba khona kwakhe yikho okugcina i-PPP ne-PML-N okungenani izibophezele emigomweni efanayo 'yentando yeningi'. U-Iiftikhar Chaudhry usalokhu ethandwa, nakuba engaphansi kwalokho ngoba abantu abasebenzayo bathandwa yijaji eliphakeme futhi ikakhulukazi ngoba ubhekwa kabanzi njengendoda eyamelana noMusharraf.
Sekukonke, uhlaka lwamandla oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi oluguquguqukayo luyehliswa emehlweni omphakathi lwaba umdonsiswano omkhulu phakathi kwabantu abane. Lokhu akukona ukuphika iqiniso lokuthi ipolitiki ePakistani yenziwe umuntu uqobo kakhulu futhi lokho sifarish (ukwenza okuhle) kuyinto modus operandi. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ngike ngaphakamisa lapha, kubalulekile ukuthi ipolitiki yomuntu siqu ibhekwe njengengaphansi kwezinkinga zesakhiwo, futhi kuqondwe indima yomuntu ngamunye kulolu hlelo lwamandla oluqondene nomuntu.
Impela iqiniso lokuthi ukuqonda okunjalo kusaqhubeka nokuphunyuka ochwepheshe abaningi bongqondongqondo ePakistan kufanelana kahle nebutho lezempi. Ngenkathi osopolitiki bebonakala benza izinto ezingasho lutho, amasosha abuyile adlala indima eyidlala kahle kakhulu, eyokuxazulula ngemuva kwezigcawu. Ngakho-ke ezombangazwe kanye nosopolitiki bazoqhubeka nokucatshangelwa, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokungafuni kwabo ukuhlukana nesimiso, kodwa nakakhulu ngenxa yesimo sohlelo ngokwalo, futhi ikakhulukazi ukuhlukaniswa kwabantu abasebenzayo kulo.
Sengikushilo lokhu, uguquko lwesakhiwo lungahlala emahlombe obuntu obuthakazelayo obuvela njengomholi wenhlangano ethandwayo yoshintsho. Impela uma kwenzeka lokho, umholi uzobe egibele igagasi eliphikisayo elingasusa uhlaka lwamandla olukhona. Into ewukuthi, abantu abavamile kufanele benze lokhu kuzuzisa okuphikisayo kunokuba balinde umesiya ukuba abenzele umsebenzi.
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