"Uhwebo lwamahhala" luyi-mantra engcwele eWashington. Uma kukhona okubhalwe ngokuthi "uhwebo lwamahhala", khona-ke wonke umuntu endaweni yaseWashington kudingeka ukuthi akhothame futhi asekele. Uma kungenjalo, baxoshwa ohlwini lwabantu abahlonishwayo futhi badingiselwe ezweni lamaNeanderthals avikelayo.
Lesi isizinda esibalulekile sokuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani nge-Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP), isivumelwano I-united states ixoxisana ne-Australia, iCanada, iJapan namanye amazwe ayisishiyagalombili esifundeni sasePacific. Isivumelwano sihlanganiswe njengesivumelwano "sokuhweba mahhala". Le lebula izophoqa zonke izinhlobo ezihloniphekile eWashington ukuthi ziyisekele.
Eqinisweni, isivumelwano asihlangene nhlobo nohwebo: izithiyo zangempela zohwebo phakathi kwalawa mazwe sezivele ziphansi kakhulu. I-TPP iwumzamo wokusebenzisa i-grail engcwele yohwebo lwamahhala ukuze kubekwe izimo futhi kudlule imithetho yasekhaya ngendlela ecishe ibe yinto engenakwenzeka uma izinyathelo ezihlongozwayo kufanele zidlule inqubo evamile yomthetho. Okulindelekile ukuthi ngokuhlanganisa izithakazelo zezinkampani ezinamandla, ohulumeni bazokwazi ukusebenzisa lesi sivumelwano esisha "sohwebo lwamahhala" ngezishayamthetho ngokwesisekelo sokuthatha noma ukushiya.
Njengazo zonke lezi zivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe, inhloso ukusabalalisa ukufinyelela kwayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokho kusho ukuthi noma yini eyamukelwa amaqembu okuqala e-TPP cishe izobekwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwamanye amazwe esifundeni, futhi cishe, emhlabeni wonke.
Njengamanje, akunakwenzeka ngempela ukuxoxa ngokufaneleka kwe-TPP njengoba ohulumeni begcina umbhalo ohlongozwayo uyimfihlo emphakathini. Abaxoxisana nabo kuphela kanye neqembu elikhethiwe lozakwethu bebhizinisi abakwazi ukufinyelela idokhumenti yangempela. Abaphathi abaphezulu kwa-General Electric, Goldman Sachs, kanye ne-Pfizer cishe bonke banokusalungiswa kwezigaba ezifanele ze-TPP. Nokho amalungu amakomiti kakhongolose athintekayo abengakatshelwa ukuthi kuxoxiswane ngani.
Izinto ezimbalwa eziputshuziwe zisinika ukuqonda mayelana nendlela lesi sivumelwano. Okugxilwe kakhulu kukho kuzoba ukuvikela okunamandla okwenziwe ngenqondo. Endabeni yomculo orekhodiwe namamuvi, singabona izinhlinzeko ezifanayo nalezo ezazikuMthetho Wobumfihlo Be-Stop Online (induku). Lokhu kungenza abaxhumanisi be-inthanethi njenge-Google, i-Facebook futhi, ngempela, nanoma ubani onewebhusayithi abe yiphoyisa le-copyright.
Njengoba lezi zinyathelo bezingathandeki neze, i-Sopa cishe yayingeke iphumelele njengomthetho ozimele. Kodwa iboshelwe esivumelwaneni esikhulu futhi esibusiswe ngamanzi angcwele "wohwebo lwamahhala", imboni yezokuzijabulisa ingase ikwazi ukuthola lokho ekufunayo.
Imboni yemithi nayo kungenzeka izuze kakhulu kulesi sivumelwano. Inqume ukuthi imithetho eqinile yelungelo lobunikazi eyayifaka esivumelwaneni se-WTO sika-1995 ayihambi ngokwanele. Ifuna ukuvikeleka okuqinile nokude kwelungelo lobunikazi kanye nokusetshenziswa okwandisiwe "kokuhluka kwedatha". Lokhu ukugunyazwa okugunyazwe uhulumeni, ngokuvamile isikhathi eside kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-14, okwenqabela izimbangi ezijwayelekile ukuthi zingene emakethe ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlola yenye inkampani ebonisa ukuthi umuthi uphephile futhi uyasebenza.
Qaphela ukuthi ukuvikelwa okuqinile kwe-copyright ne-patent, kanye nokuhluka kwedatha, kunjalo okuphambene nalokho yohwebo lwamahhala. Zibandakanya ukwanda kokungenelela kukahulumeni emakethe; zikhawulela ukuncintisana futhi ziholela emananini aphezulu kubathengi.
Eqinisweni, izindleko ezihlobene ne-copyright nokuvikelwa kwelungelo lobunikazi zincane kakhulu izindleko ezihlobene nezintengo noma ama-quota ngokuvamile athinta abadayisi bamahhala. Nakuba lezi zamuva zingavamile ukukhuphula intengo yomkhiqizo ngaphezu kuka-20-30%, ukuvikelwa kwelungelo lobunikazi kwemithi kadokotela kungavumela izidakamizwa ukuthi zidayiswe ngamakhulu, noma izinkulungwane, zamadola ngencwadi ngayinye kadokotela lapho zizothengisa ngo-$5-10 njengejenerikhi. emakethe yamahhala. Ukuvikelwa kwelungelo lobunikazi kukhulisa lokho iziguli ezikukhokhela izidakamizwa e-United States ngokusondela ku-$270bn ngonyaka (1.8% we-GDP). Ngaphezu kokwenza izidakamizwa zingathengeki kubantu abazidingayo, izindleko zezomnotho ezishiwo yilokhu kuhlanekezelwa kwezimakethe zinkulu.
Kunezinye izihlinzeko eziningi kulesi sivumelwano okungenzeka zibe nezingxabano ezifanayo. Imithetho eyidalayo izodlula imithetho yasekhaya emayelana nemvelo, ukuphepha kwendawo yokusebenza, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali. Yebo, akwenzeki ngempela ukukhuluma ngemininingwane ngoba akukho okusalungiswa okutholakala esidlangalaleni.
Empeleni, i-TPP iwuhlobo lwenkinga okufanele lugqame ngayo okhethweni lwasekwindla. Abavoti kufanele babe nethuba lokunquma ukuthi bayafuna yini ukuvotela amakhandidethi asekela ukukhushulwa kwentengo yezidakamizwa kubantu base-United States kanye nomhlaba wonke, noma asenze sonke sibe amaphoyisa e-copyright angakhokhelwa. Kodwa awukho umbhalo futhi akukho ngxoxo emikhankasweni - futhi yileyo ndlela izinhlangano ezimele ukuzuza ezifuna ngayo.
Kunendlela eyodwa yokonakalisa ubumnandi babo. I-Just Foreign Policy inikeza umklomelo, manje kufika ku-$21,100, ukuze I-WikiLeaks uma ishicilela ikhophi esalungiswa yesivumelwano. Abantu bangengeza esikhwameni semiklomelo, noma uma besesimweni sokwenza kanjalo, benze ikhophi yesivumelwano esisalungiswa itholakale emhlabeni wonke.
Abaholi bethu bezombangazwe bazothi bakhathazekile ngombhalo we-TPP othola ezandleni zamaphekula, kodwa siyalazi iqiniso: besaba impikiswano yomphakathi. Ngakho-ke uma imakethe yamahhala isebenza, sizobona uhlaka lwesivumelwano.
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