[Kuhunyushwe u-Alejandro Palavecino noSusan Nerberg. Le nhlolokhono yashicilelwa ekuqaleni ngo-Okthoba 2002, kodwa siyithola injengamanje futhi inikeza ukujula nomongo onganikezwa kwenye indawo. Yinde impela, isiqephu sencwadi, ngakho ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili. Ingxenye II isilapha.]
I-Bolivarian Revolution kaMongameli Chavez isongelwa ukuketula umbuso okusha. Iqembu eliphikisayo liwuchithile umoya wokubuyisana kanye nesikhala sezingxoxo esivulwe ngokukhululekile nguhulumeni, sitolika lesi senzo njengobuthakathaka. Izindawo ezingomakhelwane bezicebi seziqalile ukuhlomisa. NgoLwesibili, ngoJuni 11, iqembu eliphikisayo labutha abantu abangu-80,000 100,000 kuya ku-XNUMX XNUMX eCaracas. Ngemva kwesonto baqala ukushaya amabhodwe namapani ezindaweni eziphakeme. Balungiselela isiteleka esisha esisekelwa umkhakha wezamabhizinisi. Basola uChavez ngenkohlakalo kanye nommeli-jikelele we-republic ngokuchelela. Amahemuhemu adala isimo sokungalawuleki. Abezindaba baphinde badlala indima ye-protagonist ekulungiseleleni indawo yokuketula umbuso.
Khonamanjalo, uChavez usalokhu engacasukile. Uyazi ukuthi unokwesekwa okuthandwayo nokuthi uyakwazi ukuhlanganisa amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu ezweni lonke. Isiqubulo sakhe kube wukuhlela izinkumbi zabantu abazwakalise izwi labo emigwaqweni ngo-Ephreli 12, 13 no-14. Akaphuthelwa nangelilodwa ithuba lokucela ukuthi kudalwe iBolivarian Circles yohlobo oluhluke kakhulu. Uyazi ukuthi uma abantu behlelekile futhi bengahlomile-bathembele ekusekelweni iningi lamaButho - angeke bahlulwe.
Sicabanga ukuthi embhalweni esiwunikeza ngezansi singaqonda ukuthi kungani umholi waseVenezuela enethemba elingaka naphezu kokukhashelwa kwenombolo enengqondo yamalungu ezikhundla eziphezulu ngaphakathi kweButho Lezempi.
Lo mbhalo uwukuhumusha kweSahluko III encwadini ka-Marta Harnecker: Entrevista a Hugo Chavez Frรas, Un hombre un pueblo.
INGXENYE I. AMASOSHA ASEBENZA NABANTU
Izikhathi eziningi kuye kwadingeka ngikuvikele kulabo abakugxekayo ngokuthi uzungezwe amasosha. Ngiyaluqonda usizi lomholi kahulumeni okufanele athathe izinqumo ngokushesha ezinkingeni ezibalulekile kodwa ongakwazi ukuthembela kuhlaka lukahulumeni olwanele nezimo. Ngicabanga ukuthi yilokhu okuniqhubele ukuba nifune ukwesekwa kwezempi. Kodwa-ke kubonakala sengathi kunokungqubuzana phakathi kweqiniso lokuthi abaphathi abakhulu bemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yenqubo yenguquko ngamasosha kanye neqiniso lokuthi le nqubo ithathwa njengenye lapho abantu abazimele basebenzisa amandla ngokubamba iqhaza kuzo zonke izindawo. . Ngiyaqonda ukuthi amasosha ngokuvamile asebenza kahle futhi anesiyalo, kodwa awajwayele ukunikeza amandla, awakulungele ukwenza abantu babambe iqhaza.
Ngizwile, ukuthi ngalo mqondo, i-Plan Bolvar 2000 isho izinto eziningi ezinhle kubantu: imigwaqo, izikole, izindlu, okuyizixazululo eziphathekayo, kodwa ziyizixazululo ezivela phezulu ngaphandle kokuhlanganyela kwabantu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi ukubamba iqhaza akukwazi ukunqunywa; abantu badinga ukufunda indlela yokubamba iqhaza. Kuyinqubo ehamba kancane yokuguqula amasiko. Sinevidiyo ekhuluma ngokunensa, ukuzikhandla okudingekayo ukuze sifinyelele lolu shintsho; kufanele kwenziwe futhi kuyadingeka ukuthi kube namaqembu aqhuba lo msebenzi. Ungathini ngalokhu?
Ake sithi lokho kugxekaโengake ngakuzwa ngaphambili ngisho nasemihlanganweni yeqembuโkuyiqiniso ngokuphelele, ngomqondo wokuthi amasosha azi kuphela ukunikeza nokulawula imiyalo kodwa awathambekele ekubambeni iqhaza. Okungelona iqiniso ngempela.Ngiyibutho lokuqala lalelo qembu. Nginomuzwa wokuthi njengoba ebusheni bami bekuwukuhlanganyela futhi ngaba nokuhlangenwe nakho okumangalisayo ngenkathi ngingumkhuzi wamanye amayunithi akude, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni amancane lapho, namasosha, sethula izenzo zokubamba iqhaza ezaziyizifundo ezinhle kakhulu futhi eziphikisana nezombusazwe zendawo. amandla: Kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi leli sosha lingene ezindabeni zabantu, lilungise imigwaqo liphinde lihlanganyele nabo kwezemidlalo. Lokhu akukona ukuthambekela kwami โโngedwa. Ukube bekunjalo bengizongqubuzana nesakhiwo sezempi esivaliwe, esinegunya nokungahlanganyeli, futhi bengingeke ngihlale isikhathi eside embuthweni.
KUNGANI AMASOSHA AMANINGI KUHULUMENI
Manje, uqinisile uma uthi uyaqonda ukuthi maningi amasosha kuhulumeni wami. Cabanga ngoFebhuwari 2, 1999, cishe nawo wonke ama-gobernaciones nomasipala abangaphezu kwabamelene nabo: izitha (99.99%); uKhongolose ngokumelene; INkantolo Ephakeme ngokumelene; sathola isabelomali esasivele sinqunyiwe; uhulumeni cishe ongenazo izinsiza zokukhokhela amaholo; intengo kawoyela yayingamadola ayisikhombisa; phezu kwalokhu, izinga elikhulu lokulindela elidalwe ukunqoba kwethu: eSigodlweni kwakunolayini bezinkulungwane zabantu ababecela imisebenzi, nezingane zabo ezigulayo, belala lapho, phansi, bengavumeli imoto yami idlule, singasuki aze asizwe uChavez.โ Kukho konke lokhu umuntu kufanele anezele uhlaka lweqembu elisemzabalazweni wezombangazwe: kwasekuza umthethosisekelo omusha, konke lokho kwasekuza. Ngabe senginquma ukusebenzisa Amasosha. Ngikholelwa ukuthi ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwebutho lezempi endaweni yezenhlalakahle, i-Plan Bolรvar 2000 (eyaqalwa ngo-1999 futhi iqhubeka ngo-2000), inqubo yayingeke iqhubekele phambili endaweni yayo yezombangazwe ngokushesha njengoba yenza.
I-PLAN BOLรVAR 2000: UKUBHUBUKA KWEMPILO, ESIKHUNDLENI SOKUDUTSHULWA OKUFA
Wazalwa kanje u-Plan Bolvar 2000, uhlelo lwezempi yomphakathi.
Umyalo wami wawuthi: โHambani niye indlu ngendlu nihlanganisa le ndawo. Isitha. Ubani isitha? Indlala.โ Futhi sayiqala ngo-February 27, 1999, eminyakeni eyishumi ngemva kweCaracazo, njengendlela yokulwela amasosha. Ngaze ngasebenzisa umehluko futhi ngathi: โEminyakeni eyishumi edlule saphumela obala ukuze sibulale abantu, manje sizobagcwalisa ngothando. Hamba ukhame umhlaba, ubheke usizi. Isitha ukufa. Sizobagcwalisa ngokuqhuma kokuphila esikhundleni sokufa ngezibhamu.โ Futhi, eqinisweni, impendulo yayiyinhle ngempela.
194 . Ngenkathi thina bosopolitiki sisemzabalazweni wepolitiki, amasosha ayizi-40,000 XNUMX ayesemkhankasweni wokubheka impilo yabantu; ukuvula imigwaqo ngemishini yobunjiniyela bezempi; abagibeli endizayo ngezindiza zempi beya ezindaweni ezimpofu kakhulu, bebakhokhisa ngezindleko.
1) UMUNTU OYEDWA, UHLELO OLULODWA
Ngatshela ngamunye wabo: โNgibonise uhlelo lwakho olusekelwe ezinsizeni zakho nasemandleni akho.โ Futhi ingxenye ngayinye yeButho Lezempi yaqala ukuchaza uhlelo lwayo. I-Air Force kanye nohlelo lwayo lwemizila yomphakathi: izindiza ezinophephela emhlane nezindiza zamasosha endizayo lapho ingekho khona imigwaqo nabagibeli abaphethe izinkukhu zabo namabhokisi amancane. Amatilosi kanye nePlan Pescar 2000: kade bekhona, bezibandakanya nabadobi, behlela imifelandawonye, โโbelungisa amabhokisi eqhwa neziqandisi, bebanika izifundo, njll. nezinhlelo ezweni lonke, nasezindaweni zabomdabu ezazingakaze zisetshenzwe phambilini. Ngethemba ukuthi ungaya lapho. Kunezinto ezibukeka njengezimanga, ngaphandle kokuphika ukuthi kwenziwa ngcono ngisho nenkohlakalo kwamanye amasosha, ikakhulukazi ezikhundleni eziphezulu, nokucekelwa phansi kwamaqembu aphikisayo. Kodwa izingane ziye zaba nonembeza wezenhlalo ohlaba umxhwele.
2) HLELA I-CASIQUIARE 2000
Abaqaphi baqala ukusungula i-Plan Casiquiare 2000. (I-Casiquiare ingumfula osehlathini, elihlala izinkulungwane zabantu bomdabu.) Baze bakha isikebhe esizohamba idolobhana nedolobhana, belethe imithi nodokotela abazohlola izingane futhi bagome abantu. ; ukwakha izindlu nabantu bomdabu, kodwa ngokwalokho okwakufunwa abomdabu hhayi ngokwemicabango yethu.
3) I-BARRANCO YOPAL NE-CARAVALI
Khona-ke, izinto ezinjengoBarranco Yopal kanye neCaravali zaqala ukuvela kubantu baseCuiva naseYaruro. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule ngangivame ukuya eBarranco Yopal, ngihamba neshidi nezigxobo ngiya kubantu bomdabu, ngoba ngalezo zinto bakha izindlu zasebusika, ababezishiya ehlobo. Babeyimizulane: abazingeli nabaqoqi, njengoba bekunjalo iminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu. Ngabona abesifazane bomdabu bebeletha lapho, beqoshama egqumeni, belahla i-placenta futhi behlanza ingane, base beqhubeka nokuhamba. Iningi labantwana labulawa umalaleveva, isifo sofuba nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo. Bephulwa; babedakiwe isikhathi esiningi esigodini. Abesifazane bomdabu bafeba. Izikhathi eziningi babedlwengulwa. Babeyizipoki, bedelelwa iningi labantu. Ngezinye izikhathi babentshontsha ukuze badle. Babengenawo umbono wempahla yangasese; kubo, ukuthi bangene endaweni babambe ingulube ukuze bayidle ngoba babelambile kwakungabhekwa njengokuphanga. Kodwa ngiboneni lapho manje? Amasosha anochwepheshe bezolimo namandla awo okuhlanganisa: izimoto, izinto zokusebenza, inhlangano, ukushesha; kodwa kunabantu bomdabu, okuholwa ngabaholi bomdabu74, begqoke isigqoko esinophawu oluthi โPlan Bolรvar.โ Amasosha ayephethe izinto zokwakha, abasiza ngezisebenzi zonjiniyela namasosha ngaphezu kwanoma yini enye, kuyilapho abomdabu bechaza izindlu futhi basebenza ukwakha. izikole nezindlu zabo.
Kwenzeke kubani ukuthi umphakathi ubambe iqhaza ungamukeli nje kuphela?
Emasosheni nakwabanye abeluleki bomphakathi: uchwepheshe wezolimo, unjiniyela. I-Plan Bolรvar ayizange ibe eyezempi kuphela, ibutho ngalinye linenkontileka nochwepheshe bezakhamuzi abawaziyo umsebenzi wabo.
Bajabula-ke labo bomdabu, bashintsha ubuso. Bangithatha ngiyobona izitshalo zabo. Ngamahektha amane kuphela babekhiqiza umoba, amakhabe, ubhanana, ummbila, amapapaya. Babedla kamnandi manje sebecela iloli elizobayisa esigodini ukuyodayisa. Basebezitholile kakade izikebhe ezincane ezinezinjini nokuqeqeshwa ekusebenziseni kwazo ngoba ngaphambili babevame ukudoba ngamahabhu, ngemikhonto evela ogwini lwemifula emincane. Ngaya kodoba nabo izikhathi ezimbalwa. Babevame ukudoba ngezandla zabo noma ngamatshe amakhulu. Lowo mphakathi wavuselelwa.
Ngake ngethula inkulumo kuleso sifunda. Ngisebenzise umusho ovela eZarathustra. Ngaleso sikhathi ngathi: โEminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu edlule ngafika lapha futhi ngakubona nomlotha wakho. Manje sengibuyile futhi ngikubona nomlilo wakho.โ
1) HLELA I-WASP
Lapho futhi une-Plan Wasp, okuwukuvuka kokubamba iqhaza. UGeneral Garcรa Carneiro wasungula lolu hlelo. Ngelinye ilanga weza kimi naleli cebo. 'Kuyini lokhu? Abantu bazogonywa?โ โCha, mngane wami. Bona, emasimini abo angawodwa, bayokwakha ezabo izindlu.โ โNgichazele lokho.โ Futhi bangibonisa imifanekiso ethile. โBheka ukuthi babephila kanjani,โ esho futhi engibonisa isithombe somkhaya owawumi phambi kweqhugwane elakhiwe ngezigxobo zokhuni nezinsimbi. โFuthi bheka ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili. Umkhaya ofanayo, manje ojabule ngokwengeziwe, onendlu.โ Ubani owakha leyo ndlu? Umphakathi. Nakuba inkampani ezimele yakha enye yalezo zindlu ngamabholรกre ayizigidi eziyishumi, i-Plan Wasp iyenzela izigidi ezintathu. Kungani? Ngoba umphakathi owakha izindlu. Futhi lokho, ngesikhathi esifanayo, kusivumela ukuba sivuselele umsebenzi. Amasosha athola imishini yokwenza izitezi zokwakha futhi afundisa ochwepheshe abavamile nabakha. Benza nezicabha zokhuni. Nge-INCE (National Institute of Educational Cooperation)-engaqoka kuyo ujenene osewathatha umhlalaphansi oyindoda enenkani futhi esebenza kahle ngokwedlulele; Ngimazi kahle ngoba wayenguthisha wamiโbakwazile ukwakha amakilasi angu-40 e-ambuletory75 ukuze bathole imfundo yezobuchwepheshe. Uma izinto eziphathwayo zingenawo amathayi, noma uma zihlakazwa, sasizinika imali yokuzilungisa. Sithole isikweletu eSpain ngezinto ezintsha nokunye. Manje sinazo zonke lezo zimpahla eziphathwayo ezihamba ezweni lonke. Bafika endaweni; banikeza izifundo zabo futhi bafundise abantu indlela yokwenza iminyango. Khona-ke, ndawonye benza izicabha, izinsimbi zokwakha, ama-tile ophahla futhi bakhe izindlu. Inkohlakalo incane. Ngeke sithi zero, kodwa iyancipha kakhulu.
Kuvelaphi lokhu? Kusukela enhliziyweni ye-Plan Bolรvar futhi ngokuqinisekile hhayi kuphela kwezempi, kodwa kulawo masosha athintana neqiniso, kusukela esosha eliqonda ukuthi izinsiza azanele ukwakha izindlu futhi lizibuza ukuthi yini okufanele liyenze. Abantu baqala ukukhuluma, ukubala, futhi kusukela kulokho kushintshana kwe-Plan Wasp iyazalwa.
2) UMGWAQO WEZINDLEKO EZINGAPHANSI
Kwenye indawo, amanye amasosha aqeda imizila yomgwaqo omkhulu owawumi neminyaka engaba ngu-20. Isabelomali sokuyiqeda ngetiyela nakho konke obekudingeka bekungamabholรกre ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezi-5. Ngemishini yezempi nonjiniyela bezempi, bakwazi ukuqeda umsebenzi ngezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.5 kuphela. Lokho kusho ukuthi izindleko zezindlu eziningi zokusebenza, imigwaqo emikhulu, amabhuloho, imigwaqo okungekho muntu okwazile ukuyisebenzisa-zehla. Kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa okukhulu.
3) UMSEBENZI WOKUPHAKATHI NGOKUZITHANDELA
Futhi mayelana nempilo, masingakhulumi ngakho! Kwahlelwa inethiwekhi yezokwelapha yokuzithandela eyesabekayo. Ukuhlinzwa okuhilela izibhedlela zempi yokuhlinzwa kwaqala, ngisho impi yezenhlalakahle. Kwakukhona imigqa yabantu. Ngesinye isikhathi, edolobheni elibizwa ngokuthi iZaraza, amasosha kanye nezakhamuzi zasePlan Bolรvar zahlinza abantu abaningi amehlo, bahlinza imilenzeโkunalokho okwakwenziwa isibhedlela salelo dolobha eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule. Ukusebenza okuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu! Ngikhumbula ukuthi enye yalezo zingane yathi, 'Kufanele ubone ukuthi kuhle kanjani ukubuyisela amehlo ekhehleni futhi ulibone likhala ngenxa yenjabulo, ulizwe lithi, 'Ukucabanga ukuthi bengikholelwa ukuthi ngiyahamba. ukufa singaphinde ngisibone isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza.โ Yilokho okusijabulisayo. Sinomuzwa wokuthi siwusizo.โ Lokhu kuthintana nabantu kwakhulula ukugeleza kwemizwa nesifiso sokuba nengxenye.
4) UMBUSI WESIFUNDAZWE SE-COJEDE
Umbusi Wesifunda Sase-Cojedes-isifunda esikhulu sethafa eningizimu ye-Caracas, cishe enkabeni yezwe-uyi-lieutenant-colonel of the National Guard, ongazange abambe iqhaza kunoma yikuphi ukuvukela umbuso. Wayeyinduna yezempi ye-Plan Bolรvar kuleso sifundazwe ngaleso sikhathi senqubo yomthethosisekelo. Kuthe uma kuqala uhlelo lokukhetha umbusi, weza kimi ngelinye ilanga wathi: 'Bheka, Mongameli, ngifuna ukucela ukwesula.' 'Kungani, muchacho, unguLieutenant-Colonel' benguquko lapha bangicela ukuthi ngibe ngumongameli ukuze nginqobe ama-adecos.โ โUqinisekile ngalokho?โ Ngenxa yalokho, ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ngathola incwadi esayinwe i-MVR nabanye abaholi bamaqembu angakwesokunxele. kusukela kuleso simo. Ngokuqokwa kwakhe size saxazulula inkinga lapho ebibonakala ingenaso isixazululo: ukuhlukana kwangaphakathi. Le ngane ikwazile ukubahlanganisa bonke, sanqoba okhethweni, manje isiwumbusi. Waziveza njengomholi. Yebo, yena nonogada bakhe bachitha isikhathi esiningi emadolobheni, emaphandleni, bekhonza abantu nokuthi baqala kanjani ukumbheka njengomholi. Maningi amacala afana naleli. Ngibalule ezimbalwa kuphela.
Futhi bheka, abaholi abaningi bezombusazwe abakafinyeleli ezingeni lamasosha futhi sekuqubuke amagqubu angaphezu kwelilodwa, ngoba ngesikhathi sobuholi bazithola bedlulwa yizingane ezifunde ikhono lobuholi njengoba bese nginitshelile.
5) AMAPHUTHA NOKUPHAUKA KWEZINSIZA
Ziningi izibonelo ezinhle kodwa, nokho, sinezinye ezimbalwa ezimbi. Kepha ukuqoqwa kwabahle kuyamangalisa futhi kudlula amaphutha namaphutha abanye abantu kanye nezenzo ezingajwayelekile. Laba bokugcina bathunyelwe ehhovisi lomcwaningi mabhuku-jikelele ukuze kuphenywe. Umcwaningimabhuku-jikelele weriphabhulikhi wangitshela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule ukuthi uthole ukuthi i-Plan Bolvar-eqale ngamaphutha-ingenye yezinhlelo ezithuthuke kakhulu.
Yimaphi amaphutha obhekise kuwo?
Ngokwesibonelo, imali eyayihlelelwe ukuxazulula inkinga ethile yayisetshenziselwa ukuxazulula enye. Lezi zabelomali ziqondiswe ngokuqinile: uma ama-bolรกre ayizigidi ezingu-20 abelwe ukulungisa izindlu, angeke aphambuke kwezinye izindleko.
Ngikhumbula ngesinye isikhathi, kwaqhamuka owesifazane owayekhala esixukwini ephethe ingane ehlikihlwe umlenze. Wayefana nonodoli omanikiniki. Umntwana omdala, oneminyaka eyisikhombisa noma eyisishiyagalombili, owayengakwazi ukuhamba, wamthwala. Ngambona; wangihlaba umxhwele kakhulu. Ngama, ngehla emotweni, futhi kwakungeyena umbusi owayenami kodwa induna enkulu yamabutho futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, inhloko ye-Plan Bolรvar. Lona wesifazane wangitshela ukuthi ingane yazalwa injalo futhi wayengakaze abe nezinsiza zokuhlinzwa. โWoza lapha, jenene, ubhale ikheli. Mthumele ukuba ayohlinzwa.โ Khona-ke, ukuhlinzwa kwadingeka kukhokhwe. Ngesinye isikhathi kwakuyi-prosthesis eyayidingwa othile. Nezinto ezinjalo. Kwadingeka ukuthi othile akhokhe ngakho-ke bathatha imali kwezinye zezabelomali. Abanye bakwenza ngenxa yokuntula ulwazi, kuyilapho abanye besizakala.
Kwathi-ke, ngenxa yokuthi ekuqaleni ihhovisi lomcwaningi mabhuku-jikelele lalisezandleni zalabo ababephikisana nohulumeni wami, baqala ukusizakala ngalezi zimo ukuze bakhankase ngokumelene nami.
Lapho kuqhuma ukusolaโโInkohlakalo Ehlelweni Bolรvarโ-ngacabanga ukuthi balichithile icebo. Cabanga nje! Iphephandaba, lizama ukucekela phansi yonke imisebenzi yethu, laphuma nohlu olwaluhlanganisa namagama awo wonke amasosha okuthiwa akhohlakele. Ngabiza abanye babo ngabatshela ukuthi kwakufanele bathethelele izindleko ku-bolรvar yokugcina. Khona-ke, inqubo yophenyo yenziwa: kwadingeka bathole umfana onomlenze, lapho bekhokhele khona umlenze wokhuni owenzelwe lowo muntu. I-invoyisi ngemva kwe-invoyisi iye yacutshungulwa. Ngaleyo ndlela, cishe yonke into yayilungile. Amanye amacala asalindile; abanye, lapho bengakwazi ukuzithethelela, basuswa.
6) UMBONO WOMcwaningi mabhuku-JIKELELE WEREPHABHILIKI
Ngokusobala, abantu abaningi bagcina benolwazi lokuqala oluvela kwabezindaba futhi abazange bazi imiphumela yophenyo. Kubi ukuthi imikhankaso engenasisekelo yethulwa kanjani bese kuthi lapho imininingwane eqoqiwe ikhombisa amanga ezinsolo, abezindaba abashicileli izilungiso futhi uma bekwenza bakwenza ngendlela encane engaboni muntu.
Kunjalo-ke. Kodwa, noma kanjani, buyela oHlelweni. Umcwaningimabhuku-jikelele weriphabhulikhi wanquma ukuthi izinjongo ze-Plan Bolvar ngo-1999 nango-2000 zafezwa ngamaphesenti angama-280.
Kulo nyaka, ngokwesibonelo, asikwazanga ukwaba izinsiza ze-Plan Bolรvar. Abakwenzayo ukuqeda izinto ebezilindile kusukela ngonyaka odlule, njengomsebenzi esiwubone namuhla77.
7) ISIGABA SAMANJE: UKUBUYELA ENKOSINI
Manje iHlelo selikwesinye isigaba, lesi esisibiza ngokuthi โukungena esakhiweni.โ Awasekho amakhulu amasosha emigwaqweni. Senginabo ababusi, izimeya, izinhlelo ezisebenzayo, uhlaka. Awuseyena uhulumeni weminyaka emithathu edlule; ngakho-ke baphelela ohlotsheni lwabaxhumanisi bemiklamo ekhethekile nohulumeni basekhaya nowezifunda. Abasazenzi izinto ngokwabo.
Kunamasosha abuyele ekamu ukuze azinikele ngokugcwele emisebenzini yawo evamileโsaze safinyelela ezingeni lokusebenzisa amayunithi okulwaโngoba sidinga amayunithi okulwa ukuze aziqeqeshele ukulwa: amabutho amasosha, amasosha angaphansi kwamanzi, ama-paratroopers, wonke umuntu owenza umsebenzi wawo. ukuqeqeshwa. Ngakho, abaningi balaba bantu babuyela emisebenzini yabo evamile.
8) UKUHLELA AMAZULU ESERVIST
Siphinde sihlele amayunithi wamarezevu. Yini leyo? Sibiza izingane ebezivele zisemabuthweni, iningi labo okuyintsha engasebenzi engenamfundo eyisipesheli, engabunjwanga, ukuthi zenze imifelandawonye. Ngo-2001 sahlanganisa izinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili zalezo zingane futhi zaqala ukwakha ama-cooperatives. Umqondo ofanayo: imifelandawonye, โโamakhredithi amancane, iminikelo yomhlaba; siye sadlulisela ngisho nezimpahla zombuso ebezingasebenzi ezandleni ze-FOGADE (Izimali Eziqinisekisa Idiphozithi Ebhange). Ngenkathi sinalesi simo esibucayi sasebhange, osomabhange abaningi bahamba, kodwa bashiya impahla eningi. Umbuso wawaba ngoba kwakuyiziqinisekiso zediphozithi. Amaningi adayisiwe ukuze kutholwe imali, kodwa bekusekhona izindawo nezimboni ezingasasebenzi. Besilokhu sibadlulisela emaqenjini athile amarezevu ukuze basebenze njengamayunithi amasosha, ngakho banokuqeqeshwa kwezempiโokungafezwanga kahle kakhulu ngenxa yokushoda kwezinsiza-nomsebenzi wokwakha imifelandawonye. Bathola izifundo zezolimo bese beqala ukusebenza.
Lokhu kuyingxenye ye-Plan Bolรvar: ukuhlela izinqolobaneโabantuโfuthi ubanike amathuluzi athile omsebenzi. I-Plan Pescar (Ukudoba) 2000 iyaqhubeka. Isivele yaqongelela imali futhi yasungula imifelandawonye yokudoba ngokuxhumana noMbutho Wasolwandle. I-Navy iyabasekela, ifika ezindaweni zabo zokudoba futhi ibasize ukulungisa izinjini. Lokhu futhi kuyisipiliyoni se-National Guard, esebenza ndawonye nabantu bomdabu emingceleni.
4. UKUHLULWA KWE-COUP KA-APRIL KUNESISEKO ESENZELWENI SOMPHAKATHI-BUSO.
UMarta, okwenzeka ngo-Ephreli 12 no-13 kunento yokwenza nale nqubo yezempi yomphakathi. Ngaphezulu nangaphandle kokunakwa komphakathi, ngaphezu nangaphezulu kokubamba iqhaza komphakathi-okungase kube ize, okuncane noma okukhulu-okungahle kube sengozini ku-Plan Bolvar namaphutha ayo, umgomo ufeziwe: umfelandawonye womphakathi nezempi. Ngo-April 12, kwenzeka izinto ezazingakaze zenzeke ngaphambili kuleli zwe: amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu baseVenezuela abangahlomile, abaningi babo bengenaso isiqondiso sezombangazwe, ngaphandle kokuqondiswa, ngaphandle kwecebo ebelicatshangwa ngaphambili-iphutha lethu-liyisa ekamu futhi lagxila ngamanani amakhulu phambi kwabo naseduze kwabo, becula iculo lesizwe. Akhuluma namasosha futhi amemeza kuwo: โยกSoldado, consciente, busca a tu presidente! Sosha, ngonembeza, hamba uyofuna umongameli wakho!โ kanye โยกSoldado, amigo, el pueblo esta contigo! Sosha, mngane, abantu banawe!โ Abagcinanga nje ngokuya eFort Tiuna, kodwa baya nasezinkanjini eziningi zamasosha ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zezwe. Kungani abantu baya kulawo makamu? Akukaze kwenzeke into efana naleyo. Futhi kwakungengenxa yokuthi ngangilapho. Eqinisweni, izixuku ezazizungeza i-Fort Tiuna ngosuku lwesithathu, lapho kwaziwa kakade ukuthi angikho, zazihlaba umxhwele: abantu abangu-300,000 noma ngaphezulu.
Lokhu kwenzeka nasezindaweni ezifana neMaracay, lapho ithimba lamasosha ombutho wamasosha abona ukuthi kwakunabantu ngaphandle kwekamu, kodwa lathi: โKudingeka abantu abengeziwe, sidinga abantu abengeziwe abazohlanganyela nathi,โ base beya omakhelwane. Yebo, bayabazi abaholi bomakhelwane futhi labo baholi bayabazi, ngoba ibutho ngalinye lezempi lenza uhlelo lwalo futhi lizabele izindawo. Ibutho elithi-nokuthi-nje lihambisana nendawo ethi-na-nje. Sekuyiminyaka emithathu bekwenza lokho, phakathi naso sikhathi amasosha aya komakhelwane, agada, akhe isikole noma alungise umtholampilo wezokwelapha. Amasosha ayazi kakade ukuthi ukuya ezindaweni ezinjalo ngeke kwenqatshwe, njengoba kwakunjalo ngaphambili. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kwesibhicongo sango-February 27, ukuze liye endaweni empofu isosha kwakudingeka ligqoke okomuntu ovamile. Wayezifaka engozini, ngoba abantu babazi ukuthi amasosha ayebabulele. Namuhla, uma kuqhamuka isosha abantu bayalibingelela ngesasasa nangenjabulo.
Konke lokhu kusabela bekungeke kwenzeke ngaphandle kokuxhumana okujulile phakathi kwebutho nabantu. Lowo nguMao. Amanzi nezinhlanzi. Abantu basebuthweni ukuthi ayini amanzi ezinhlanzini. E-Venezuela namuhla sinezinhlanzi emanzini futhi yisona sizathu somkhankaso wokulwa ne-Plan Bolรvar, ukuzama ukubhidliza, ukuphula lobo bunye. Ingxenye enkulu yamasosha iseduze kwabantu. Yiqiniso, akuwona wonke umuntu. Kunemikhakha yezempi ephikisanayo; bananela inkulumo yezitha. Ithini le nkulumo? Ukuthi uChavez uzobhubhisa i-Armed Forces. Amandla okusebenza enhlangano yezempi ayathinteka, ngoba manje amasosha ahlanza indle, ngamanye amazwi, alulaza uhlelo. Bahlanza imigwaqo nokuthi emsakazweni, emaphephandabeni nakumabonakude, bancinza ngaphandle nangaphakathi, futhi amanye amasosha enanela lokho. Nokho, impendulo kuhlelo ilungile: umuntu angababona bejabule. Namuhla ngibone lawo masosha lapho, ikakhulukazi lowo ophethe i-Plan Bolรvar ePuerto Cruz, ukaputeni weButho Lasemanzini, uBecerra, owajabula lapho ebona isikole sakhe siphelile, leso asakha nabantu bakhe.
Ingxenye II: Ukuchaza Ukuketulwa Kombuso Ka-April
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela