Lesi siteleka saqala ngemva kokuba uhulumeni kamasipala wase-Colau ethule imithetho yokuvala izinkundla zedijithali ezifana ne-Uber, ezabe zamiswa yiNkantolo Ephakeme yaseCatalan. Isahlulelo sawo sathi leli dolobha laliweqe amandla alo angokomthetho. Njengoba izinkulungwane zabashayeli bamatekisi zivala eminye yemigwaqo emikhulu yaseBarcelona zibhikisha, ozakwabo eMadrid, Malaga naseValencia bagcwala imigwaqo befuna imithethonqubo efanayo yethulwe kuzwelonke.
Ngaleso sikhathi i-Colau ithathelwe emoyeni iphonsela inselelo uhulumeni kazwelonke omusha we-Socialist Party (PSOE) โukuba angabukeki ngenye indlela - aqine kwabanamandla.โ Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu zokuvalwa kwezindawo zasemadolobheni, kwafinyelelwa esivumelwaneni esincane, nohulumeni oholwa indoda ye-PSOE UPedro Sรกnchez ukuvuma ukwethula umthetho omusha ekwindla ukuze ukulawulwa komkhakha kube lula.
Ukuguquguquka okuhle okunjalo phakathi kwezinhlelo zesikhungo kanye nokugqugquzela umphakathi, lapho ngayinye iqinisa enye, bekuyingxenye yalokho i-Barcelona yase-Colau en Comรบ (BenComรบ) eyayifuna ukukudala lapho ithatha izintambo ngo-2015. kwesokunxele amaqembu like I-Podemos kanye ne-United Left, ibutho lomasipala elisha alithembisanga nje kuphela izinyathelo zokulwa ne-neoliberal kodwa futhi nentando yeningi eqinile. Njengamapulatifomu odade athathe amahholo edolobha e-Cadรญz, Madrid, Valencia, nakwamanye amadolobha aseSpain, inhloso ye-BenComรบ kwakuwukuguqula indawo kamasipala ibe isizinda senhlangano ethandwayo nokubamba iqhaza.
Amadolobha Angesabi, incwadi yakamuva ekhiqizwe izishoshovu ze-BenComรบ, ifune ukuzuza izifundo ezibanzi kulokhu okuhlangenwe nakho, ikhuthaza imodeli entsha kamasipala oqhubekayo. Kodwa uma sizothatha i-Barcelona njengesibani sohlobo olusha lwepolitiki, lokhu kuphinde kufune ukusebenzelana okujulile nemibuzo yesu elingakwesokunxele. Ukusebenzisa izikhundla ezikhethiwe kufake izishoshovu kuzwelonke - kodwa kuphinde kwagqamisa ubunzima bamandla esikhungo obungasekelwe ukugqugquzela okuqhubekayo okuvela ngezansi.
Ukusika Emuva
Kule nethiwekhi yemikhandlu eqinile, izinto azibanga lula. Njengoba ibhekene nezicukuthwane ezihleleke kahle futhi iboshelwe imithetho ebekwe ezweni lonke, le nethiwekhi yemikhandlu eqinile iye yabhekana nemingcele emikhulu. Iningi lizabalaze ukuhlanganisa izibopho zehhovisi nokwethembeka ezinhlelweni zabo zoguquko zasekuqaleni.
EMadrid, iMeya uManuela Carmena ingenelwe uchungechunge lokuhlehla, kuhlanganise nokwamukela cishe ukuncishiswa kwenani lama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-400 ngo-2017. Khonamanjalo kumasipala wase-Badalona ongumakhelwane we-Barcelona, โโuMeya u-Dolors Sabater wasuswa esikhundleni ngemva kokulahlekelwa ivoti lokungamethembi ngoJuni. Lokhu kwenzeke ngemuva konyaka wezimpi kubangwa umnotho, nokwaholela ekutheni uhulumeni omkhulu abambe imali ngemuva kokuthi iBadalona en Comรบ yaseSabater izame โgobaโ imithetho yokusebenzisa imali.
E-Barcelona ngokwayo, ishidi lebhalansi libukeka lihle kakhulu, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yamandla amakhulu enhlangano. Kodwa ukwehla kwezinga lezikweletu zedolobha nakho bekubalulekile, ngoba kwenze umkhandlu wakwazi ukuzimela ngokwezimali kunozakwabo bakwamanye amadolobha. Lokhu kuxhashazwe kahle ngabaphathi be-Colau abasebenzisa inqwaba yezinyathelo ezintsha zenhlalo, njengohlelo lwezindlu zikamasipala olunezifiso kanye nohlelo lokutshalwa kwezimali okuhloswe ngalo ezindaweni zabantu abahola kancane. Baphinde baphoqelela imithethonqubo ebalulekile ukubhekana nenkinga yezindlu yedolobha, eyakamuva kuzo zonke izindlu eziqashiwe noma ezithengiswa ngamanani angama-30%.
Kodwa-ke, ngonyaka odlule kuphinde kwahlulwa okuningana okuphakeme, njengokwehluleka ukudlulela kulokho obekuhloswe ukuthi kube yisinyathelo esiphambili sengxenyekazi yehlandla layo lokuqala - ukubuyisela emuva ukulawulwa kwamanzi aphethwe ngasese e-Barcelona. Umkhandlu ubunethemba lokuthi uzobuyisela umasipala ohlongozwayo inhlolovo yedolobha lonke kodwa ngemva kwengxabano yezomthetho eyathatha isikhathi eside nosonkontileka okhona u-Agbar, balahlekelwa ivoti ekamelweni lomkhandlu ngo-April.
Ngalo lolo suku amakhansela nawo avotela phansi elinye lama-BenComรบ amaphrojekthi engqalasizinda abalulekile, ulayini wenqola yomgwaqo omusha oxhumanisa inkaba yedolobha namaphethelo, okuqhubeka nokugcizelela ubunzima abaye baba nabo ngokusebenza njengabaphathi abayidlanzana. Njengoba inezihlalo eziyishumi nanye kuphela kwezingamashumi amane nanye emkhandlwini, iBenComรบ yayisungule uhulumeni wobumbano ne-PSOE ngo-2016. Nokho ngemva kwereferendamu yenkululeko eyabangwa ngonyaka odlule, isivumelwano sabhidlika ngemva kokuba amaSocialists esekele ukumiswa kokuzimela kweCatalan.
Manje ebhekene nempi enzima yokuqokwa kabusha ngoMeyi ozayo kanye nokwehlukana okwandayo ngaphakathi kwenkundla ngokwayo phezu kombuzo wokuzimela, u-Colau no-BenComรบ bazithola besesimeni esibucayi. Uma kubhekwa ibhalansi enzima yamandla ezisebenza ngawo, bathole izinzuzo ezimangalisayo. Ukuvota kokuqala futhi kubanika ukuhola okuncane ngaphezu kwezimbangi zabo eziseduze, i-Ciudadanos ne-Esquerra Republicana. Kodwa umbuzo manje owokuthi ingabe bangakwazi yini ukubeka izimpande ezijulile emphakathini futhi basebenzise amandla angempela njengoba bedweba umzila ongaphezu kwehlandla labo lokuqala ehhovisi.
I-Wager kaMasipala
Kukulesi simo lapho Amadolobha Angenavalo: Umhlahlandlela we-Global Municipalist Movement, ishicilelwe ngeSpanishi nangesiCatalan ngohlelo lwesiNgisi oluvela ku-Verso ngasekuqaleni kuka-2019. Le ncwadi ihlanganisa ndawonye iminikelo evela kubantu abaningi abahamba phambili benkundla kanye nalabo abavela kwamanye amadolobha aseSpain kanye nezinhlelo zomqondo ofanayo ezivela emhlabeni wonke.
Ukuza ezithendeni zomhlangano wokuqala womhlaba wonke wezinhlangano zomasipala e-Barcelona ngo-2017, Amadolobha Angesabi ifundeka ngokwengxenye ngokuthi โisimemezelo somphakathiโ esivela enhlanganweni ekholelwa ukuthi isikhathi sayo sesifikile. Njengoba u-Iago Martรญnez ovela endaweni yesikhulumi i-La Marea Atlantica, ephethe umkhandlu waseLa Coruรฑa, ekubeka:
Uma i-19th ikhulu leminyaka kwakuyi-Empire kanye ne-20th eyeNational-state, i-21st ikhulunyaka ledolobhaโฆ. Amadolobha ayithemba lethu elikhulu lentando yeningi. Ngenkathi izikhungo zezombangazwe zendabuko zilahlekelwa indawo namandla ohlelweni oludlule imingcele yombuso wesizwe, ubukhosi obusha bendawo buvela njengabalingiswa bangempela bamanje ngamandla abo okuphendula .... ezinseleleni ezibalulekile zenkathi yethu.
E-Spain isizinda esiseduze salokhu kubhejwa ngentando yeningi entsha yasemadolobheni kwaba imisebenzi yama-Indignados ezigcawini zamadolobha ngo-2011. Lokhu kuvukela kwezakhamuzi uhlelo lwezombusazwe olwalungahloniphi kwaba isikhashana kwezombusazwe zaseSpain: umphakathi. umsakazi RTVE abantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini eziyisi-6 neziyi-8.5 babambe iqhaza emihlanganweni emincane nemibhikisho. Ngemuva kwalokho kwavela umjikelezo oqhubekayo wokugqugquzela umphakathi owabona ukusabalala kwezinhlangano ezinkulu ezihlukahlukene, njengomkhankaso we-La PAH wokulwa nokukhishwa ezindlini - lapho uColau wayengumkhulumeli kazwelonke - kanye ne Amagagasi (noma ama-Tides) ahlele ukunqanda ukunqanyulwa kwezinsiza zomphakathi.
Kodwa ngo-2014, njengoba ukusebenzelana komphakathi kuncipha futhi kuncane okubonakala ngokwezinzuzo ezibonakalayo zezombusazwe, izishoshovu zakha umqondo wokuma okhethweni oluzayo lomkhandlu ezinkundleni ezibanzi zobumbano oludumile owaziwa ngokuthi. i-confluencia. Ukuzibophezela esicelweni sama-Indignados โsombuso wentando yeningi wangempela,โ lawa macandidate amasha okuhloswe ngawo okunye okuningi kunokumane uwine uhulumeni wasekhaya ngohlelo oluqhubekayo.
Kunalokho, bafuna ukuzama izindlela ezintsha zesikhungo, lapho baphinde babheka izinga likamasipala elisezingeni eliphansi njengelitholakala kalula ezinhlotsheni zenhlangano ezivundlile. Inhloso bekuwukuhlukana nezinhlaka zeqembu ezisuka phezulu bese ngesikhathi esifanayo kuvulele ohulumeni basekhaya eziteshini eziningi ezibamba iqhaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho babehlose ukusebenzisa izikhundla zabo ehholo ledolobha ukuze baqhubeke nokwakha enye inhlangano yezenhlalo ekwazi ukuphonsela inselelo amandla ezinkampani ezikhungweni zikahulumeni kanye nedolobha lonke. Ukuqinisekisa ubukhosi bukamasipala ngokumelene ne-oligarchy yaseSpain kuzodinga "unyawo olulodwa ezikhungweni kanye nenkulungwane emgwaqeni": okungukuthi, ukuze kuphoqelelwe ngezinguquko zabo imikhandlu eqinile kuzodingeka yakhe ukuxoxisana komphakathi kanye namandla angaphezu kwezikhungo ngokwazo.
Amadolobha Angesabi ihamba phambili kulo mbuzo wokuqala wokuhlolwa kwenhlangano, njengoba ihlaziya izinselelo zokuqala ekumiseni inkundla yokubamba iqhaza, uhlobo lwamathuluzi adingekayo ukuze kuqhutshwe umkhankaso wokhetho ongajwayelekile, kanye nokuthi zingasungulwa kanjani izinhlobo ezintsha zokuziphendulela kwezepolitiki kanye nezingxoxo ezingase zibe khona. ukuhlanganisa izibalo ezikhungweni kuphrojekthi ehlangene ebanzi.
Okuvela embhalweni wukuthatheka okuseduze kwalabo abahola lezi zinhlaka zomasipala: okungukuthi, ukwesaba ukuhlanganiswa nesigaba sezepolitiki noma ukulahlekelwa ukuthintana neqiniso lenhlalo abaphuma kulo. Kulokhu, isahluko esisodwa esivelele sikhuluma ngokudweba amakhodi amasha okuziphatha kanye nesidingo sokuqeda amalungelo ahlobene nokuba usopolitiki ochwepheshile. Izilinganiso zamaholo, imithetho eqinile yezindleko, imikhawulo yesikhathi, kanye nokubeka izinto obala kwezinhlelo zezikhulu kuyizici ezidingekayo ekuvuseleleni ukuzethemba kwabamele umphakathi.
Izigaba zokucwaswa kwabesifazane, noma ukuhoxiswa kwepolitiki, nazo zenza ukufunda okubalulekile. Izingxenyekazi ezifana ne-BenComรบ zizibophezele ekubekeni umbono wabesifazane phakathi nendawo yazo zombili i-ajenda yazo yezepolitiki kanye nesakhiwo senhlangano. KuLaura Pรฉrez, inhloko ye-Feminism y LGTBI emkhandlwini wase-Barcelona, โโukulingana ngokobulili akufanele kuqondwe nje njengombuzo wokulingana ezikhundleni eziphilayo kanye nohlu lokhetho, nakuba lokho kubalulekile, kodwa kunalokho kufanele kuhilele uchungechunge lwezindlela ezigcwele yonke inqubo yentando yeningi, njengesikhathi sokukhuluma esilinganayo kwabesilisa nabesifazane emihlanganweni kanye nesidingo sokufaka imibandela yobulili kuzo zonke izinqubo zokuthatha izinqumo.
Izinyawo Eziyinkulungwane Emgwaqeni
Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kokubheka ipolitiki kamasipala njengevumela inqubo esobala nentando yeningi, omasipala baphinde babeka idolobha njengendawo ebaluleke kakhulu yokwakha indawo edumile yokuphikisa. Futhi kulapha lapho umuzwa weSpanishi uhlangabezane nemingcele.
Ukubhekana nenqwaba yamandla agxilile, i inqubo yedemokhrasi eyiqiniso bekungadingi imigudu yokubamba iqhaza kuphela kodwa futhi nemisipha yezenhlalo yesisekelo sobuningi esihleliwe. NjengoKate Shea Beard, omunye wabahleli be Amadolobha Angesabi, ukubeke kwakamuva isihloko:
Umasipala โฆ uyaqonda ukuthi amandla awahlali ezikhungweni ezikhethiwe kuphela; isetshenziswa nasemkhakheni wezomnotho, wezenhlalakahle namasiko. Komasipala-ke, ipolitiki eguquguqukayo โฆ kumele futhi ibandakanye ukwakha imvelo yezinhlangano zomphakathi, imizamo yezomnotho kanye nezikhungo zomphakathi ezingaseka lezi zinhlelo zamakhandidethi ngaphandle kwehholo ledolobha, futhi zibenze baphendule uma kunesidingo.
Eqinisweni, impumelelo yokhetho esheshayo yale nhlangano yaseSpain kungathiwa yenza lelo qhinga libe lukhuni. Izingxenyekazi ezifana ne-BenComรบ zazibhejelile ukuthi zingakwazi ukuqhubeka nokugibela igagasi lama-Indignados esikhundleni kodwa ngemva kweminyaka emithathu โeshisayoโ yokugqugquzelwa, balinganisela ngokweqile amandla okuqhubeka nokungqubuzana komphakathi okukhulu. Impela, ingxenye yokubaluleka kwesiteleka samatekisi sakamuva ukuthi kube ngesinye sezibonelo ezimbalwa kule minyaka emithathu nengxenye edlule lapho enye yale ajenda yale mikhandlu ivele yaba nomhlangano omkhulu ngaphandle kwezikhungo.
Lokhu bekungokuthile okwaxoxwa ngobuqotho bangempela ekwethulweni kwezincwadi kwakamuva ngoba Amadolobha Angesabi eMadrid. Njengoba iPhini leMeya yaseBarcelona uGerardo Pisarello ekubeka:
Kimina kubonakala sengathi impikiswano ingaphezu kwakho konke mayelana nokuthi yini okufanele yenziwe lapho ukuhlangana ngaphandle kungashubi ngokwanele. Asikaze sibe nakho [ukuhlanganisa okunjalo]. Sike saba nezikhathi zokuqina futhi abanye ngaphandle [kodwa] asizange sibe nomnyakazo omkhulu "welungelo ledolobha" ebesinethemba lokuthi. Kungani lokhu kunyakaza kwabantu abaningi ngokumelene nokuqagela kungakhiqizwanga? Hhayi-ke, okuqinisekileyo ukuthi ibingekho esikalini ebesingasidinga ukumisa izinqubo ezinjalo.
U-Pisarello uveze enye incazelo engase ibe khona โyokuba buthakathaka komgwaqoโ: umqondo wokuthi nakuba izishoshovu eziningi nabahleli sebengene ezindimeni zesikhungo, ukunyakaza akuzange kube namandla ajulile okuthatha indawo yabo. Abanye abafana no-Alberto Garzรณn ka-Izquierda Unida, baye bakhomba uguquko oluthile olulandelanayo lombono phakathi kwenani elibanzi labantu asebeyekele kakhulu emazingeni okuphila e-postcrisis.
Lokhu kukhula kokugqugquzelwa sekuveze igebe elisobala phakathi kokufinyelela okubanzi komasipala okhethweni kanye nokuntuleka kokujula komphakathi ezinhlanganweni zabo zangaphakathi. Okuxakayo ukuthi nakuba benobuhlakani obusha kakhulu mayelana nezinhlaka nezinqubo ezibamba iqhaza, kuze kube manje behlulekile ukuthuthuka njengezinhlangano eziningi. I-BenComรบ ingathembela kwizishoshovu ezingu-1,500 edolobheni elinezigidi ezingu-1.7 ngenkathi, njengoba isazi semvelo u-Yayo Herrero akubeka Amadolobha Angesabi kwethulwa, kwamanye amadolobha athile โayikho inhlangano [engaphezu kwesikhungo]โ nhlobo.
Njengoba uPisarello avuma, lokhu kuntuleka kokufinyeleleka komphakathi kanye nezimpande kushiye i-BenComรบ idonsa kanzima ukuveza umlayezo wayo phakathi nokuhlaselwa okungapheli kwabezindaba: โNgo-2015 saba namavoti kodwa ayikho inhlangano. Besinabantu abavotile [bezikhomba] u-Ada Colau kodwa laba bantu bebengahlelekile kahle ezindaweni abahlala kuzo.โ
Ngaphandle kokusekelwa okuqinile okunjalo okuvela ngezansi, amadolobha anesibindi aseSpain azabalaze ukuqhubekisela phambili izici ezibalulekile zezinhlelo zawo. Izinqubomgomo zokuvelela ezihloselwe ukubuyisela emuva ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi yomphakathi zibe yimfihlo, ukuthuthukisa enye indlela yokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo eziqanjiwe, kanye nokuhlukana nombuso waseSpain wokuzibalela kwase kucatshangelwa ukuthi kunesikhundla esithile esicasulayo esingavumela la madolobha ukuthi aqhudelane nemingcele yezombangazwe nezomthetho ebekwe kuhulumeni wasekhaya. Esikhundleni salokho, ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu evela kubaholi bezomnotho kanye nohulumeni omkhulu onobutha, kanye nokuphikiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kwezikhulu zedolobha, imikhandlu eqinile iye yasala nemingcele encane yokwenza.
Kulokhu kulinganisa kwamandla okunzima, izindlela eziningi zokuxhumana ezisheshayo ezethulwe ukubhekana nenkinga, kanye nezinguquko ezintsha ezindaweni ezingenaso ipolitiki encane njengokuhamba ngezinyawo kanye nezokuthuthwa komphakathi, kufanele kubonakale njengempumelelo yangempela yale mikhandlu. Ikakhulukazi, imithethonqubo yezindlu ezingabizi kakhulu eyethulwe i-BenComu, eyenza idolobha lihambisane nabaphathi abamaphakathi kwesokunxele e-Paris nase-London, imele ukunqoba okumangazayo uma kubhekwa amandla okwakha kanye nezindawo zokungcebeleka eSpain.
Umkhandlu usuphinde wazama ukulwa namabhange ahlezi ezindlini ezingenalutho; yahlawulisa izikhungo zezezimali ezintathu ngaphezu kwesigidi sama-euro ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, futhi isivalile Ezingu-2,300 ezingekho emthethweni Ukuqashiswa kwe-Airbnb (esambani esingaba ngu-18,000 edolobheni) phakathi kuka-2016-17. Nokho ubukhulu benkinga yezindlu e-Barcelona kanye nokwentula komkhandlu amandla asemthethweni okwethula imithethonqubo ebanzi kusho ukuthi lezi zinyathelo azizange zibe nomthelela omkhulu esihlahleni sedolobha sokukhishwa kwezindlu. Ngo-2017, babengaphezu kuka-2,500. Lawa kakhulu abesemkhakheni wokuqashisa, osekukhuphuke ngamaphesenti angama-49 amanani entengo kusukela ngo-2013 kuyilapho amaholo esamile kakhulu.
Inqubekelaphambili ihambe kancane kakhulu endaweni yokuphinda kugaywe omasipala, ebifuna ukuphikisana ngqo namandla nelungelo labahlonishwayo baseSpain ngokuthatha izinsiza zomphakathi ngaphansi kolawulo lukamasipala. Uhlelo lwe-BenComรบ aluqukethe nje kuphela ukuzibophezela okujwayelekile kule nqubomgomo kodwa izithembiso ezithile zokubuyisela usizo lwamanzi nolwekhaya ngaphansi kolawulo njengezinsizakalo eziqhutshwa esidlangalaleni. Nokho ngo-2017 umkhandlu wamemezela kwakungenakwenzeka ukuphinda kufakwe umasipala umsebenzi wakamuva uma kunikezwe imikhawulo esemthethweni yokuhlanganisa abasebenzi abakhona abazimele njengabasebenzi bakahulumeni. Kunalokho umkhandlu ugxile ekuthuthukiseni izimo ezibucayi zalaba banakekeli abangu-2,600.
Udaba lwamanzi seluzolinda kuze kudlule ukhetho lwangonyaka ozayo, umkhandlu nawo ukubeke kwacaca ukuthi ungafuni ukubuyisela emuva ukulawula ukuhlanzwa kwemigwaqo nokuqoqwa kwemfucuza, okuhlanganisa amaphesenti ayishumi esabelomali somkhandlu. Enhloko-dolobha, ithemba lokuthi inkundla kaManuela Carmena i-Ahora Madrid izofuna ukubuyisa lezi zinsizakalo ezinkulu kuholele emkhankasweni wabezindaba owathatha unyaka wonke okhombisa ukuthuthwa kwendle kuleli dolobha njengokuwa kwamahhala kanye nokugqamisa izinsongo ezaziholwa nguhulumeni ngaleso sikhathi. yi-Conservative Partito Popular, izobekela inselele ukuba semthethweni kwezinhlelo zabo. Ukusayina izinkontileka ezintsha zeminyaka emine cishe sezizonke 700 abayizigidi ezingu i-euro nabahlinzeki bezinkampani, umkhandlu ugcizelele ukusetshenziswa kwawo okunyukile ngenkathi ulungisa iqiniso lokuthi kusazoqhutshwa ngokuthandwa kwenhlangano kasozigidi uFlorentino Perez yokwakha kanye nezinsizakalo ze-Grupo ACS.
Izinsizakalo ezithile ezincane ziphinde zafakwa komasipala e-Barcelona naseMadrid, ikakhulukazi izinkonzo zomngcwabo zasemadolobheni. Le mikhandlu yomibili iphinde yethula izinhlelo zokuhlola lokho abakubiza ngokuthi โumnotho wezenhlalo,โ enikeza izinkontileka ezincane (eMadrid ezifinyelela ku-4.8 million euro) emifelandawonye yezenhlalo ehlukahlukene. E-Barcelona, โโโโu-Colau uthathe izinhlelo ishiyelwe abaphathi besikhungo sangaphambilini belungelo lokudala inkampani yamandla kamasipala esekelwe isishisi sedolobha futhi yandise ububanzi bayo ukuze ihlanganise nenethiwekhi ephethwe umphakathi yamaphaneli elanga. Uthembise nokuthi uzoqondisa lezi zinsiza ekulweni nobubha bamandla.
Lezi yizinhlelo ezehlukene kodwa ezibalulekile. Nokho isithombe esibanzi ukuthi emva kweminyaka emithathu nengxenye iphethe le mikhandlu eqinile yehlulekile kakhulu ukubekela inselelo imodeli ekhona yemisebenzi kamasipala esekelwe ekuhwebeni kwangaphandle kanye nokwenza inzuzo.
Ukunqoba Okuncane
Le mingcele kulwazi lweSpanishi akuxoxwa ngakho embhalweni we Amadolobha Angesabi. Ngokwengxenye lokhu kungachazwa ngohlaka lwabo lukamasipala njengomnyakazo womhlaba wonke kanye nendlela yokuqhathanisa yencwadi. Nokho ukuthuthukiswa komasipala abanohlonze ngaphandle kwe-Spain kuhlangene kakhulu futhi i-Barcelona ithathwa njengomphathi ojwayelekile wepolitiki yasemadolobheni ngamazwe ngamazwe; ngakho-ke, iqiniso lokuthi akukho gumbi elinikeziwe lokuhlola umhlaba wonke mayelana nokuzibandakanya kwalezi zinhlangano ngaleyo ndlela libonakala njengento ephuthelwe ithuba. Lokhu kuyinkinga ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa inani elingafani labanikeli abangamalungu e-BenComรบ.
Esikhundleni salokho, umbhalo uhlukaniswe waba izigaba ezintathu: ukuvulwa okufushane emiqondweni kamasipala eyisisekelo kanye nezigaba ezimbili ezinde ezinikeza ukuhlaziya amathuluzi enhlangano kamasipala kanye nezinhlelo zenqubomgomo. Lesi sakamuva sinikeza izibonelo ezingaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu "zezinqubomgomo eziguqulayo zomphakathi" ezithathwe ikakhulukazi e-Spain kodwa futhi nezifundo zezindaba zamazwe ngamazwe kusukela e-Portland, e-Oregon kuya e-Rosario, e-Argentina. Nokho ngenkathi sikhomba ikhono lalezi zinhlangano eziholwa yizishoshovu zokuthuthukisa izindlela ezintsha ezindabeni eziningi, asinikezwanga umongo ongasivumela ukuthi silinganise amandla noma ukujula komnyakazo owenzayo. Ingabe lezi zinzuzo ezizuzwe kanzima kodwa ezihlukanisiwe, noma ubufakazi bezihloko zezombusazwe ezingase zikwazi ukuguqula okubanzi komphakathi?
Okuyinkinga nakakhulu ukuthi le ncwadi inikeza ingxoxo encane ezingeni lesu lezepolitiki. Kunalokho Amadolobha Angesabi ibeka ukubaluleka okubanzi kwalezi zinqubomgomo ngokwesimo sazo esingokomfanekiso. Eminye yemibono esemqoka yale ncwadi ukuthi, noma ngabe ihlukene futhi iyingxenye, imizamo yokugqugquzela umnotho wezenhlalakahle noma ukumisa isabelomali esibambe iqhaza โakugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa izimpilo zabantuโ kodwa futhi kukhombisa ukuthi zikhona ezinye izindlela ezingase zibe khona esikhundleni semikhuba ebusayo. Esikhathini sobumnyama kanye nokukhuphuka kwelungelo elidlulele, โukuqala ukwakha amaphrojekthi aphathekayo nokunqoba izimpi ezincane โฆ kuyindlela enhle yokubonisa kusukela manje amandla edolobha langomuso.โ
Ukuqongelela ngokusobala ukunqoba okuncane, ikakhulukazi ezinyathelweni zakuqala, kuyisihluthulelo sokudala umuzwa wokuba nokwenzeka kunoma iyiphi iphrojekthi yezepolitiki. Nokho ngokuqinisekisa imizamo kamasipala ngale ndlela, abanikelayo bavame ukwedlula inkinga yamasu yokuthi lezi zinhlangano, uma ziye phambili, zingathemba kanjani ukunqoba amandla (hhayi isikhundla kuphela). Isifiso sokuletha uguquko salezi zinhlangano sisobala kodwa yiziphi izindlela abathemba ngazo ukusungula ikhefu elibanzi nedolobha le-neoliberal?
Ulwazi lwaseSpain luphakamisa ukuthi umzila wokuhlaselwa okhethweni okusheshayo udala ukungqubuzana okukhulu. Inselele yokuhlanganisa ihhovisi nomsebenzi wesineke โwokuhlela idolobhaโ ibe yinkulu kakhulu kulokho okuyizinhlaka ezintsha nezingenalwazi. Ngokusobala ukuhoxa emincintiswaneni yokhetho kuzomane kushiye phansi iLungelo kodwa uma omasipala behlose okungaphezu kokuphatha โumugqa ophansiโ kwesigaba sikahulumeni, ukugxila kwabo kufanele kube kwenye indawo.
Ngokombono bayakubona lokhu kodwa njengoba uJosep Maria Antentas ebonile kuphawulwe ku Jacobin, isisindo sabo sokhetho sekuyisikhathi eside saba umthombo wabo omkhulu. Njengoba kuvela imizabalazo emisha, njengokudlondlobala kweziteleka kwakamuva kwabasebenzi abayingozi, le mikhandlu kuzomele ithole izindlela zokuzibandakanya nokwakha ubudlelwano obujulile nomphakathi. Kwamanye amadolobha, njengeMadrid, kungase kuthathe ukulahlekelwa yihhovisi ukuze empeleni kuvunyelwe inqubo enjalo yokuvuselela isizinda sabo.
Ngisho nase-Barcelona, โโlapho ukusebenzelana kwesikhungo kube nenzuzo ephezulu, indlela eya phambili ayikacaci. Lokhu kufingqwe kahle nguMarcelo Expรณsito, iLungu lePhalamende le-En Comรบ-Podem, ku- ukwethulwa of Amadolobha Angesabi:
Lapho ebuzwa umbuzo othi, โKwenzekani ezikhungweni lapho kubonakala sengathi akwenzeki lutho,โ [isekela likamongameli waseBolivia u-รlvaro Garcรญa Linera] waphendula โSizuza isikhathi esengeziwe ukuze sibone ukuthi kukhona yini okuzokwenzeka.โ Siphikisana kakhulu ngokuthi kungakanani esikwazile ukukwenza kodwa futhi kufanele sibale izinto esizihlanganise ukuze sizivimbe futhi sizibopheโฆ okuyizinto eziningi. Impela kulesi sikhathi lapho ezikhungweni zodwa kungenzeki futhi okunye okushodayo, isikhathi esiningi umsebenzi kahulumeni wukuvimba isikhathi sokuwina kuze kube sibona okuvelayo.
Inqobo nje uma lokhu โokuthile okwengeziweโ kwehluleka ukwenzeka, i-BenComรบ kuzofanele izinelise ngokunqoba okuncane okushiya kakhulu imodeli evelele yedolobha ingaguquki.
U-Eoghan Gilmartin ungumbhali, umhumushi kanye nomnikelo kaJacobin ozinze eMadrid. Uphinde abe yilungu lePodemos.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela