Umthombo: Inethiwekhi Yabasebenzi Yokusimama
Isithombe nguSteve Sanchez Izithombe/Shutterstock
Lesi ngesokuqala ochungechungeni lwamazwana athi “Isivumelwano Esisha Esiluhlaza–Kusuka Ngezansi.” Lokhu kuphawula kuchaza umbono Wesivumelwano Esisha Esihlaza Okuvela Ngezansi futhi kunikeza umbono wochungechunge. Ukuphawula okulandelayo kulolu chungechunge kuzobhekana nobukhulu Besivumelwano Esisha Esihlaza kusukela ngezansi kusukela ekukhiqizweni kwamandla kuya endimeni yezinyunyana kuya kuma-microgrid, ama-coops, izikhungo ze-anchor, nezinye eziningi.
I-Green New Deal iwuhlelo olunombono lokuvikela isimo sezulu somhlaba ngenkathi kwakhiwa imisebenzi emihle, kuncishiswa ukungabi nabulungisa, futhi kuqedwe ubumpofu. Umgomo wawo oyinhloko uwukusebenzisa isidingo sokuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu njengesisekelo sokubona ukuqashwa okuphelele kanye nobulungiswa bezenhlalakahle.
I-Green New Deal yaqala ukuvela njengesiphakamiso somthetho kazwelonke, futhi umzabalazo wokuwufaka emthethweni kazwelonke uyaqhubeka. Kepha kuphinde kwavela igagasi elincane lezinhlelo ezivela emaqenjini omphakathi, izinyunyana, ohulumeni bamadolobha nezifundazwe, izizwe, nezinye izikhungo ezingezona ezihlangene eziklanyelwe ukufaka isandla ekuvikelweni kwesimo sezulu kanye nezinjongo zobulungiswa bezenhlalo zeGreen New Deal. Lokhu sizokubiza ngokuthi i-Green New Deal kusuka Ngezansi (GNDfB).
Inhloso yalokhu kuhlaziya ukuhlinzeka ngesifinyezo se-Green New Deal kusukela kuzinhlelo ezingezansi ezinkundleni nasezindaweni eziningi ezahlukene. Inikeza isingeniso ochungechungeni lwamazwana azocubungula ngokujulile engxenyeni ngayinye ye-GNDfB. Inhloso yochungechunge ukuveza ukuhlukahluka okucebile kwezinhlelo ze-GNDfB esezivele zikhona futhi ezisathuthukiswa. Amaphrojekthi Abathengisi Abasha Abahlaza Okukhulunywe ngakho lapha kufanele anikeze ugqozi ezinkulungwaneni ezengeziwe ezingadala isisekelo sokuhlanganisa izwe–kanye nokwakha kabusha.
Isinqumo sasekuqaleni sika-2018 se-Green New Deal esithunyelwe ngu-Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez sacela umhlangano kazwelonke weminyaka eyi-10 ukuze kuzuzwe u-100% wokuphehlwa kwamandla kazwelonke emithonjeni evuselelekayo; "igridi ehlakaniphile" kazwelonke; ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kwamandla kuzo zonke izakhiwo zokuhlala nezimboni; ukukhipha ikhabhoni kwezokukhiqiza, ezolimo, ezokuthutha, kanye nezinye izingqalasizinda; kanye nokusiza amanye amazwe ukuthi azuze umnotho ongathathi hlangothi kanye ne-Green New Deal yomhlaba wonke. Yaphakamisa isiqinisekiso somsebenzi sokuqinisekisa umsebenzi okhokhelwayo ophilayo kuwo wonke umuntu owufunayo; ukunciphisa imali engenayo kanye nokungalingani kwengcebo; izinhlelo zeholo eliyisisekelo; kanye nokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwendawo yonke. Ikhulume nezinhlaka zezimali ezintsha ezihlanganisa ubunikazi bokubambisana nomphakathi kanye namabhange omphakathi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ingxoxo ebanzi iye yanweba futhi yagcwalisa umbono we-Green New Deal ukufaka uhla olubanzi lweziphakamiso zokubhekana nesimo sezulu, imisebenzi kanye nobulungiswa.
I-Green New Deal yaqala ukuvela njengesiphakamiso sokugqugquzelwa kuzwelonke, futhi umthetho kazwelonke usalokhu uyingxenye ebalulekile. Kepha noma ngabe umthetho ohlanganisa i-Green New Deal uzophasiswa yini, futhi uzokwanela kangakanani, uyaqhubeka nokulenga. Umthetho wamanje othi "Build Back Better" usuvele wehlisiwe waba ngaphansi kwengxenye yesilinganiso sawo sokuqala, futhi izici eziningi ezibalulekile ze-Green New Deal zinqanyuliwe. Ukuthi lungakanani uhlelo lwe-Green New Deal oluzophasiswa manje noma esikhathini esizayo ngeke kwaziwa okwamanje.
Kodwa okwamanje, kunezinkulungwane zemizamo yokufeza izinhloso ze-Green New Deal emazingeni omphakathi, kamasipala, esifundeni, esifunda, esizwe, embonini, nasezimbonini. Nakuba lezi zingeke zithathe indawo yohlelo lukazwelonke, zingafaka isandla kakhulu ezinhlosweni ze-Green New Deal zokuvikela isimo sezulu kanye nobulungiswa bezomnotho. Impela, bangase baphenduke iphuzu lomkhonto we-Green New Deal, ezithuthuka esikhaleni esishiywe ukulinganiselwa kwezinhlelo zikazwelonke.
Izinhlelo ze-GNDfB zingadlala indima ebalulekile ekufezekiseni kokubili isimo sezulu nezinjongo zobulungisa ze-Green New Deal. Bangakha isifunda esisekela i-Green New Deal kazwelonke. Futhi zingasebenza njengezizathu zokuhlola namabhulokhi wokwakha angaxhunywa ukuze akhe Isivumelwano Esisha Esihlaza esisebenza kahle kakhulu ngoba sinezimpande zasendaweni eziqinile. Izinhlelo "ezisuka ngezansi" zingafinyelela futhi zixhumane. Zingabuye zihlanganiswe nokuhlela kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali ezingeni likazwelonke. Ezinye iziphakamiso ze-Green New Deal zibeka izinqubomgomo nezikhungo okungagqugquzelwa ngazo lokho kuhlanganisa. Isibonelo, i-Evergreen Action Plan iphakamisa uMkhandlu Wesimo Sezulu Wendlu Omhlophe ngokuxoxisana ngokusemthethweni nezifundazwe nohulumeni basekhaya–kanye ne-US Climate Alliance yezifunda ezingu-24 kanye nezindawo ezimbili ezizibophezele ndawonye ekusekeleni Isivumelwano Sesimo Sezulu saseParis.[1] Isivumelwano Esisha Esiluhlaza sidinga indima yombuso kanye neyomhlaba wonke, kodwa Idili Entsha Eluhlaza evela Ngezansi ingaqala khona kanye ekhaya.
Ezinye zezincazelo kulolu chungechunge zizochaza izinhlelo ze-GNDfB neziphakamiso emikhakheni eyahlukene yezomnotho, kusukela ekukhiqizweni kwamandla kuye kwezolimo kuya ekulawuleni ukwehla kwezingqalasizinda zikaphethiloli. Abanye bazochaza amanye amafomu ezikhungo ezithathwa yi-GNDfB, kusukela ezinhlelweni zikamasipala kuya ezinhlelweni zezinyunyana ukuze kuqiniswe imifelandawonye yezikhungo kuye emikhankasweni yokushintsha nje izinto ezimbiwa phansi. Ezinye zazo zizichaza ngokusobala njengezinhlelo zeDili Entsha Eluhlaza; abanye abalisebenzisi ilebula kodwa bafuna imigomo efanayo futhi basebenzise izimiso ezifanayo.
Izibonelo ezethulwe kulolu chungechunge azihlanganisi konke—ziwukukhetha okuncane nje kwemisebenzi eqhubekayo noma eqalwayo. Futhi akukho ukuzenzisa ukuthi noma yikuphi kwalokhu kumelela ukuqaliswa okufanele kwezinjongo ze-GND—zikhawulelwe kokubili izinkinga ezingenakugwenywa zokusungula izinto ezintsha ezenziwa abantu abangaphelele lapho bebhekene nokuphikiswa okukhulu nokulimazayo, kanye nokungabikho kohlelo lukazwelonke oluhlangene. Anikeziwe njengamamodeli aphelele okufanele alandelwe kodwa njengezibonelo ezikhuthazayo zamathuba esenzo sendawo kanye namandla okufeza kokubili izinjongo zesimo sezulu nezobulungisa.
Imikhakha ye-GND kusukela Ngezansi
Izinhlelo ze-GNDfB ziye zavela kuzo zonke izinkundla zenqubomgomo ye-Green New Deal nakuyo yonke imikhakha emikhulu lapho kudingeka khona ukuguqulwa kwamandla okuhlanza, okuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla, ukonga kwamandla, ukwehla kukaphethiloli, ezokuthutha, kanye nezolimo.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla aphephile esimweni sezulu
Ukuphepha kwesimo sezulu kudinga ukuhlangabezana nomgomo Wesivumelwano Esisha Esihlaza samandla avuselelekayo angu-100%. Amakhulu emizamo yasendaweni andisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo. Idolobha lase-Denver, e-Colo., isibonelo, lizibekele umgomo ka-100% kagesi ovuselelekayo ngo-2030 futhi manje selakha izingadi zomphakathi welanga ophahleni lwedolobha; U-20% wamandla elanga umiselwe imindeni ehola kancane kanti ingxenye yemisebenzi edaliwe ibekelwe abaphothule ohlelweni lokuqeqesha olukhokhelwayo. E-Burlington, e-Vermont, inkampani kagesi ephethwe yidolobha isiguqulele ku-100% wamandla avuselelekayo. Idolobhana laseSwampscott, eMiss., lethule uhlelo Lokuhlanganisa Ukukhetha Komphakathi, iSwampscott Community Power, oluvumela izakhamuzi namabhizinisi ukuthi baxoxisane nezinkampani zikagesi ukuze bathole ama-rates angcono kanye nogesi ohlanzekile. Onyakeni wokuqala leli dolobhana lehlisa izinga le-carbon footprint yalo ngamathani angaphezu kuka-9,700 e-carbon dioxide, okulingana nokususa izimoto zabagibeli ezingaphezu kuka-2,000 emgwaqeni.[2] Izizwe zomdabu zaseMelika kulo lonke elaseNyakatho Melika seziqale inqwaba yamaphrojekthi wamandla avuselelekayo.[3] Eduze kwasePine Point, eMnn., Eighth Fire Solar, okuyibhizinisi eliqhutshwa i-Anishinaabe, ibikhiqiza amaphaneli ashisayo ezindlu namabhizinisi amancane hhayi nje kuphela ngokubhukha kodwa kulo lonke elaseNyakatho Melika.[4]
Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla/ukongiwa
Ukuhlangabezana nezinjongo zesimo sezulu Sesivumelwano Esisha Esinohlaza nakho kudinga ukunciphisa amandla esiwadingayo “ngokuthola i-kilowatt eyengeziwe”–sisebenzisa amandla amancane kodwa siwasebenzise ngokuphumelelayo. Amaqembu afana ne-Youthbuild, i-Emerald Cities, kanye ne-Green Jobs Yabo Bonke asungule izinhlelo zasendaweni ezindaweni eziningi ezihlinzeka ngokuqeqeshwa nemisebenzi entsheni encishwe amathuba afaka izinzuzo zokusebenzisa amandla kagesi ezindlini nezinye izakhiwo. I-National Nurses Union kanye ne-American Federation of Teachers banezinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zokonga amandla kanye nezinhlelo zamandla ahlanzekile ezindaweni zabo zokusebenza-ezibhedlela nasezikoleni. Izisebenzi zikaloliwe eWashington, DC zaphumelela ukucindezela abaqashi babo ukuthi bahlele kabusha izitimela zabo zikadizili ukuze ziwonge kakhudlwana, zingangcolisi, futhi ziphephe kubasebenzi.
Ukwehla kwamandla kaphethiloli okuphethwe
Ukuphepha kwesimo sezulu kudinga ukuqedwa ngokushesha kokushiswa kwezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi. Lokho kusho ukuthi “ukwehla okulawulwayo”–inqubomgomo yamabomu yokumisa ingqalasizinda entsha kaphethiloli kanye nokusheshisa ukuvalwa kwezindawo ezikhona. Ngokwe-Sierra Club, izizinda zikagesi ezishisa amalahle ezingama-347 seziyekiwe noma zizoyekwa;[5] Amadolobha namadolobhana ase-US angu-180 azibophezele ekunikezeni amandla ahlanzekile angu-100%; futhi amadolobha angama-50 asevele enikezwe amandla ngokuphelele ngemithombo yamandla ehlanzekile nevuselelekayo.[6] Ukwengeza emzabalazweni owawubonakala kakhulu futhi owagcina uyimpumelelo wokuvimba ipayipi le-Keystone XL, ngonyaka owalandela uMongameli Obama enqaba ipayipi le-KXL ngoNovemba 2015, okungenani amanye amaphrojekthi wengqalasizinda kaphethiloli wezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi angama-28 e-US amiswa ngenxa yokuthi kuphela ngenxa yezimo zomnotho ezingezinhle, kodwa nokukhathazeka kwemvelo kanye nokumelana nendawo.[7] Eminingi bekuyizisulu zemikhankaso yezenzo eziqondile. Ngokombiko we-Indigenous Environmental Network and Oil Change International, ukumelana kwaboMdabu kumise noma kwabambezela ukungcoliswa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa okulingana okungenani nekota eyodwa yonyaka ekhishwa yi-US kanye ne-Canadian.[8]
Transportation
Ezokuthutha zimelela omunye wemithombo emikhulu yokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa, futhi kunenqwaba yamaphrojekthi emazingeni endawo nawesifunda ukuze anciphise. Ukushintshela ezintweni zokuhamba zomphakathi kungenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-GHG. E-Albuquerque, eNew Mexico, iqembu elithi Together4Brothers liwine amabhasi amahhala ehlobo; kwabe sekuthi iMeya yase-Albuquerque u-Tim Keller umemezele ukuthi imali yokugibela amabhasi yamahhala izoba unomphela entsheni eneminyaka engu-25 nabancane nabadala abaneminyaka engu-65 nangaphezulu; I-Together4Brothers iyaqhubeka nokuhlela “kuze kube kukhona ukugibela amabhasi kwamahhala kwabo bonke abantu.”[9] Idolobha laseKingston, eNew York, njengamanye amaningi, lifake inethiwekhi yeziteshi zokushaja izimoto zikagesi ezifinyeleleka esidlangalaleni, ezisingathwa umasipala kulo lonke idolobha.[10] E-Connecticut, abashayeli bamabhasi e-Amalgamated Transit Union bakhankasele ngempumelelo ukuguqulelwa kwamabhasi kagesi ngamadizayini okunciphisa ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa ngenkathi bethuthukisa ukuphepha kwabashayeli nabagibeli.[11]
Ezolimo
Ezolimo zimelela enye igesi ebamba ukushisa enkulu, kodwa futhi kungaba yindlela ebalulekile yokukhipha ikhabhoni emkhathini. Imiklamo eminingi yendawo iyaqhubeka yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamapulazi ngenkathi kusetshenziswa inhlabathi nezihlahla ukunciphisa ikhabhoni emkhathini. Isibonelo, e-Boulder, e-Colo., I-Jack's Solar Garden itshala izitshalo nemifino ngaphansi kwamaphaneli elanga e-photovoltaic. Ingadi ikhiqiza amandla anele amakhaya angaphezu kuka-300 ngamaphaneli elanga angu-3,276. Indawo ye-pollinator izungeze i-solar array, kuyilapho inhlangano yasendaweni engenzi inzuzo yokulima iqeqesha abalimi abasebasha ukuthi balime izitshalo ngaphansi kwamaphaneli elanga.[12] EPetersburg, eNew York, iSoul Fire Farm iqeqesha amakhulukhulu abantu abaNsundu, abaNsundu, kanye naboMdabu ukuthi balime besebenzisa ukulima okuvuselelayo okunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni futhi kunciphise ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. I-Soul Fire iphinde ihlinzeke ngohlelo lokudla kwasemapulazini oluxhaswe yimiphakathi “ephila ngaphansi kobandlululo lokudla.”[13] Futhi eMinnesota, abalimi boMdabu baseMelika bavuselela enye yezimboni zezolimo zendabuko - i-hemp. Abalimi baseNdiya, besebenzisana nenhlangano engenzi nzuzo ka-Winona LaDuke ye-Anishinaabe Agricultural Institute, bakha “umnotho omusha otshalwe endaweni osuselwe ekudleni, amandla kanye nefayibha.”[14]
Amafomu Ezikhungo ze-GND asuka Ngezansi
Izinhlelo ze-GNDfB ziqhutshwa futhi zathuthukiswa izikhungo eziningi, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemiphakathi, amadolobha, izifundazwe, izinyunyana, ama-coops, amabhange omphakathi, izikhungo ze-anchor, kanye nezinhlangano zenkonzo yokonga.
Imiphakathi
E-Boston's Chinatown, i-Chinese Progressive Association ihlelela i-microgrid yamandla ephethwe umphakathi ukuze inciphise ukungcola kanye “nokuletha amandla kagesi kulabo abathintwe kakhulu ukungabi nabulungisa kwemvelo” kuyilapho ihlinzeka ngamathuba amahle enyunyana akhokhayo kubahlali bomphakathi.[15] E-Denver, i-Housing Authority yedolobha kanye nabathuthukisi bezindlu abathengekayo basungule i-CARE Project (Clean Affordable Renewable Energy), okuhlanganisa nengadi yelanga yomphakathi engamamegawathi amabili esebenza amakhaya angama-500 kulo lonke idolobha kanye nesifunda saseDenver. Imigomo yephrojekthi ihlanganisa ukunikeza izindleko zamandla ancishisiwe okungenzeka zibikezelwe kanye nezinketho zamandla avuselelekayo emiphakathini ehola kancane kanye nokuthuthukisa ipayipi eliholela ekuqashweni embonini yelanga emiphakathini engakhonzwa kancane. Izakhamuzi zomphakathi sezivele ziqeqeshwe ngokuzikhandla futhi zithole imisebenzi nabathuthukisi be-solar ohlelweni. Kokubili i-DHA kanye nezakhamizi zayo zonge imali ezikweletini zabo zikagesi - ezinye zisondele kuma-20% ngenyanga.[16] Nakuba izingadi zokukhanya kwelanga zivame ukuba sezingeni elincane, ngokuqoqeka zingangeza amanani amaningi kagesi. Uhlelo lomphakathi waseMinnesota, olwaqalwa ngo-2014, manje selunamamegawathi angama-800 okusebenza namakhasimende angaphezu kuka-12,000 okuhlala, kanye nezinhlangano zezentengiselwano nezinkonzo zikahulumeni, okuhlanganisa izikole, amakolishi, izibhedlela, nohulumeni bezifunda nohulumeni basekhaya.[17]
Amadolobha
Kule minyaka engamashumi amathathu edlule, ohulumeni basekhaya abangaphezu kuka-600 kulo lonke elase-United States bamukele izinhlelo zokusebenza zesimo sezulu ezibeka imigomo yokunciphisa isisi esibamba ukushisa. Ezinye zazo zenziwa ngezindlela ezihlanganisa izinhloso nemigomo ye-Green New Deal. Isibonelo, e-Portland, Ore. ngo-2018 uhlelo lokuvota lwaphumelela kakhulu ekusunguleni Isikhwama Sezinzuzo Zomphakathi Sase-Portland, esinyusa imali efinyelela ku-$60 million ngonyaka ngentela eyingqayizivele yabathengisi abakhulu abafana ne-Walmart. Umgomo walesi sikhwama ukuhlinzeka amalungu emiphakathi enganakekelwa kahle ngamakhono abalulekile ngenkathi kufakwa i-insulating, caulking kanye nokulungisa amasistimu okushisa nokupholisa angasebenzi kahle kanye nokufaka amaphaneli elanga ophahleni ezindlini zama-Portlanders ahola kancane.[18] Futhi e-Somerset, eMisa., indawo yokuphehla ugesi ngamalahle e-Brayton Point yavalwa ngemva komkhankaso omude owenziwa umphakathi nabameleli bamandla ahlanzekile. IDolobha lenze inqubo ebanzi yokubuka izakhamizi zedolobha ebizwa ngokuthi “Reimagining Brayton Point.” Isiza manje sesiyathuthukiswa kabusha njengesikhungo sokusebenza, sokukhiqiza, kanye nesesekelo somoya wasolwandle nezinye izimboni.[19]
States
Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2021, izifunda ziye zasekela ngokuqondile ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe bomoya, ilanga namandla okusebenza kahle ukuze kuhlanzeke amagridi azo kagesi. I-California, ngokwesibonelo, itshala izigidi zamaRandi ukuthuthukisa umoya welanga nolwandle ophahleni lwendlu. I-Maine, i-Massachusetts, ne-New Jersey zisheshisa ukukhula kwazo komoya ogwini lolwandle. Futhi, izifunda eziyisithupha zaphasisa izindlela ezintsha zokonga ugesi, okuhlanganisa nezinhlelo ezandisa ukufinyelela ekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye namazinga aqinisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezivamile zasendlini.[20] Umthetho we-Green New Deal ka-Maine ka-2019 udinga ukuthi ukwakhiwa kokukhiqizwa kwesikali segridi kuqashe abantu abasohlelweni lokufundela umsebenzi futhi kuhlinzeke ngokufaka ugesi welanga ezikoleni ezisanda kwakhiwa.[21] NgoSepthemba, 2021 i-Illinois House, ngemuva kwenkulumo-mpikiswano ende futhi enolaka, yaphasisa uMthetho Wesimo Sezulu Nemisebenzi Elinganayo. Kuzobeka i-Illinois endleleni eya ekusaseni lamandla ahlanzekile angu-100% ngenkathi ihlinzeka ngoguquko olufanele kubasebenzi nemiphakathi encike ngokomlando emafutheni angcolile, kugunyazwe ezinye zezindlela zokuziphendulela eziqinile esizweni, nokudala imisebenzi nengcebo e-Illinois' Imiphakathi yabaNsundu nabaNsundu.[22]
Izinyunyana
Izinyunyana eziningi zenze ezazo i-Green New Deal kanye nezinhlelo zesimo sezulu. Ucwaningo lwangoSepthemba, 2021 olwenziwa yiCentre for American Progress lwabala izikolo zezinhlelo zeGreen New Deal ezithuthukiswa izinyunyana kumazinga esifunda nawendawo. I-Recology, ihhoko elihlanganisiwe lokuphinda ligaywe imfucuza endaweni ye-Bay eyasungulwa yi-Teamsters, ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo kumakhasimende okuhlala angu-725,000 kanye namakhasimende entengiso angu-110,000 e-California, Oregon, nase-Washington.[23] Ukuphathwa kwezakhiwo kwe-SEIU kwasendaweni i-32BJ endaweni yedolobha elikhulu laseNew York kuqhuba “Uhlelo Oluhlaza Oluluhlaza” ukuze lunikeze abasebenzi benkonzo yokwakha abaqeqeshiwe abakwazi ukwehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukonga amanzi, ukonga imali, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngebhilidi elihlanzekile nelinempilo ukuhlala kulo.[24] I-IBEW Local 11 kanye neSahluko sase-Los Angeles se-National Electrical Contractors Partnership yasungula futhi yagcina i-Net Zero Plus Electrical Training Institute (NZP ETI), okwathi, lapho yakhiwa, yaba yinzuzo enkulu yezwe ye-Net Zero Plus yezohwebo, ekhiqiza amandla angaphezu kwavamile. isidingo sawo samandla saminyaka yonke. Le phrojekthi ihlanganisa izinqubo zokonga ugesi, ubuchwepheshe obusha bamandla ahlanzekile, ukuqina kwegridi okuthuthukisiwe, nokuthuthukiswa komsebenzi. Isakhiwo se-NZP ETI–kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwaso–kuhlanganisa izinyathelo zokonga amandla njengokushaja imoto kagesi, i-HVAC, isitoreji sebhethri, ama-microgrid, amadeshibhodi wamandla, ukukhanyisa, nokufiphaza kwangaphandle. Lolu hlelo luhlose "ukuguqula izimakethe zezentengiselwano ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha bukagesi nokuqeqesha abasebenzi abanamakhono kakhulu e-United States."[25]
Ama-coops, ezezimali zenhloso yomphakathi, kanye nobunikazi bomphakathi
Olunye lwezimpawu zesiphakamiso sokuqala se-Green New Deal sika-Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez kwakuwukugcizelela kwezinye izinhlobo zebhizinisi nezezimali njengama co-op namabhange omphakathi. Ama-coop amasha asungulwe futhi asungula izinhlelo zokuhlinzeka ngemisebenzi ngokulungisa umnotho. ESivinini sikaMartha, iVineyard Power yinsebenziswano yomphakathi enezisekelo zobulungu bemizi namabhizinisi angaphezu kwe-1,390 umsebenzi wabo ukukhiqiza ugesi ngezinsiza zasendaweni, ezivuselelekayo ngenkathi imela futhi igcina izinzuzo ngaphakathi komphakathi wasesiqhingini. Umbono wawo uwukwenza isiqhingi saseMartha's Vineyard sibe ngu-100% ovuselelekayo kugesi wasekhaya, ezokuthutha kanye nokushisisa ekhaya ngo-2040.[26] EDolobheni laseNew York, ama-Green Worker Cooperatives axhumanisa ama-coups ahlinzeka ngobuciko, izinsizakalo zokuzalwa, izinsizakalo zokuhlanza, ukwenza umquba, ukwakha, ukulima, imfashini, ukudla, izinsizakalo zokuhumusha, ukukhiqiza nokuklama, izinsizakalo zezithombe, nobuchwepheshe.[27] I-Connecticut Green Bank, eyasungulwa ngo-2011, iyibhange lokuqala eliluhlaza ezweni. Ihlinzeka ngezimali zemithombo yamandla ehlanzekile, engabizi kakhulu, futhi enokwethenjelwa ngenkathi idala amathuba emisebenzi futhi isekela intuthuko yomnotho wendawo. Umgomo wayo "ukubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu nokuhlinzeka wonke umphakathi ngekusasa elinempilo neliqhakazile ngokwandisa nokusheshisa ukugeleza kwezimali ezizimele ezimakethe ezinikeza amandla umnotho oluhlaza." Amanye amabhange aluhlaza kanye namabhange omphakathi ayathuthuka ezweni lonke.[28]
Izikhungo ze-Anchor
Imodeli esanda kwakhiwa yokuthuthukiswa kwendawo “isikhungo esiqinile” esakha isizinda senethiwekhi yamadlelandawonye namanye amabhizinisi azinze emphakathini. Isibonelo esaziwa kakhulu yi-Evergreen Cooperatives eCleveland, eyasungulwa ngo-2008 yiqembu elisebenzayo lezikhungo ezizinze eCleveland okuhlanganisa iCleveland Foundation, iCleveland Clinic, iUniversity Hospitals, iCase Western Reserve University, kanye nedolobha laseCleveland. Isebenzela ukudala amathuba emisebenzi ezindaweni ezihlala abantu abahola kancane abayisithupha ngokusebenzisa imifelandawonye ehlinzeka izikhungo kanye nesifunda. Ama-coops asukela ku-Berry's Insulation kuya e-Phoenix Coffee futhi asuka ku-Green City Growers kuya e-Evergreen Cooperative Laundry. Khonamanjalo, abaholi benyunyana yasendaweni ye-AAUP-AFT e-Rutgers University, sebenxenxe inyuvesi ukuthi yenze uhlelo lokusebenza kwesimo sezulu, banethemba lokuthi bazolusebenzisa njengesikhungo sokubambisana namaqembu omphakathi eNewark, Camden, naseNew Brunswick ukuze kwakhiwe umphakathi. ama-solar co-operatives abe ngabanikazi bezindawo ezintsha zokufakwa kwe-solar kumakhampasi amathathu kanye nokucindezela iNyuvesi ukuthi yakhe “izindawo zokuhlala” zasendaweni ukuze izakhamuzi ezisemiphakathini ezungezile zikwazi ukuthola amanzi aphuzwayo, ukushaja ugesi kwezokuxhumana ezibalulekile kanye nemishini yezokwelapha, kanye neziqandisi ukuze ziphile impilo yonke- ukonga izidingo zezempilo nezokudla ngesikhathi sokucisha kukagesi okuhlobene nesimo sezulu.
I-Conservation Service Corps
Enye yezinto ezibalulekile zesinqumo sokuqala Sesivumelwano Esisha Esihlaza kuwuhlelo Lwemisebenzi Yabo Bonke kanye nethimba lenkonzo yokonga. Umbono we-Cilian Climate Corps manje usufakwe emthethweni we-Build Back Better. Ngaleso sikhathi, izifundazwe eziningi nama-ejensi sezivele zizenzele ngokwazo. NgoSepthemba 2020, iCalifornia yethula iCalifornia Climate Action Corps, ibutho lokuqala lezwe lonke lolo hlobo ngenhloso yokunika amandla abantu baseCalifornia ukuthi bathathe isinyathelo esiphusile ukuvikela amakhaya abo, impilo, kanye nemiphakathi ngokumelene nemithelela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Lolu hlelo luzobandakanya abantu ngamazinga ahlukahlukene kanye nemisebenzi, kusukela ngehora ekhaya kuya onyakeni ogcwele wenkonzo.[29] NgoSepthemba 2021, iColorado yasungula iColorado Climate Corps, ezobeka amalungu e-AmeriCorps angama-240 ezifundeni ezingama-55 kuzwelonke ukuze kuvikelwe izindawo zomphakathi futhi kusizwe imiphakathi ehola kancane ibhekane nenkinga yesimo sezulu.[30] Inhlangano ye-Climate Corps inikeze ngamathuba okuthuthukiswa kochwepheshe kubaholi abasafufusa ngokusebenzisa amaphrojekthi angaphezu kuka-1,000 okuzinza nokuqina nohulumeni basekhaya, izinhlangano ezingenzi inzuzo, namabhizinisi enza inzuzo kusukela ngo-2011.[31]
Ukwakhiwa Kabusha Komphakathi Okubambe iqhaza
Sethule ngenhla kuphela izibonelo ezimbalwa ezikhethiwe phakathi kwamakhulu. Uma singafunda komunye nomunye futhi sisekelane, singathemba ukuthi maduze bazoba abambalwa phakathi kwezinkulungwane.
Asisho ukuthi lezi zinhlelo zilungile. Ithuthukiswe abantu bangempela emhlabeni wangempela ononya, ukungabi nabulungisa, nokuhaha nakanjani bayobonisa amaphutha kokubili okukhulelwa nokubulawa. Kodwa ngokwezinga elimangalisayo bafinyelela izinjongo eziyinhloko ze-Green New Deal ngokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kukaphethiloli, ukudala amathuba emisebenzi, nokunciphisa ukungabi nabulungisa.
Isazi-mlando somhlaba u-Arnold Toynbee sake sachaza indlela izinguquko ezinkulu zempucuko ezenzeka ngayo. Ubuholi obukhona bezikhungo ezikhona bubhekene nezinselelo ezintsha - kodwa bayehluleka ukuzivumelanisa nazo. Ngakho-ke impucuko yabo isengozini yokuwa. Esimeni esinjalo kungase kuqhamuke idlanzana elihlakaniphile eliphakamisa - futhi liqale ukusebenzisa - izixazululo ezintsha. Impela ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kumele inselelo enjalo yempucuko, futhi ngokunjalo izikhungo zethu ezikhona nabaholi bazo bayehluleka ukwenza izinguquko abazidingayo. Kodwa emazingeni aphansi idlanzana elihlakaniphile lisemsebenzini lisungula izixazululo ezakha kabusha umphakathi ngezimiso ezintsha. Umsebenzi wabo ubonakaliswa ku-Green New Deal kusuka Ngezansi.
Ukubona amandla ayo, i-Green New Deal kumele ibe ngaphezu kweqoqo lezinhlelo zenhlangano; kufanele kube umzamo womphakathi wonkana, ukugqugquzela abantu abaningi. I-New Deal yasekuqaleni Yokuwohloka Okukhulu Kwezomnotho yayinjalo. Izigidi zabantu ezinkulungwaneni zemiphakathi zahlanganyela ngezinhlelo zasendaweni. Lezi zinhlelo zivame ukufinyelela komunye nomunye endaweni, esifundeni, nakuzwelonke, zombili zisiza futhi zifune ushintsho phezulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-New Deal njengenhlangano kazwelonke yakhuthaza futhi yasekela lezi zinhlelo zendawo. Umphumela waba iSivumelwano Esisha njengenhlangano yezenhlalakahle eye yadlula umbono wabaholi bayo abaningi bakazwelonke ukuze benze izinguquko emazingeni aphansi entando yeningi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezinzima zabahlanganyeli bayo.
Leso isithembiso se-Green New Deal kusuka Ngezansi.
[1] "I-Evergreen Action Plan," I-Evergreen Collaborative, Ephreli 15, 2020. I-Evergreen Action Plan inguqulo ebuyekeziwe yohlelo lwesimo sezulu oluvela emkhankasweni kamongameli kaGov. Jay Inslee wango-2019.
[2] “Uhlu Lwemiphakathi Yamandla,” I-US EPA.
[3] Pennelys Droz, “Ukwakha Ikusasa Lomdabu Eliqinile Ngamandla Aqhubekayo,” Iqoqo le-NDN, Disemba 15, 2018.
[4] Ilanga Lesishiyagalombili Lomlilo
[5] “IMelika, Masidlule Ngalé Kwelahle Negesi,” I-Sierra Club Beyond Coal.
[6] “Mayelana nohlelo Lwethu," Iqembu laseSierra.
[7] UJeremy Brecher, Ukulondolozwa Okujwayelekile, (Oakland, CA, PM Press, 2021) p. 253.
[8] Dallas Goldtooth no-Alberto Saldamando, “Ukumelana Nomdabu Kwekhabhoni,” I-Indigenous Environmental Network, Agasti 2021.
[9] "Ukulalelwa komphakathi mayelana ne-Transit Equity 2021," Inethiwekhi Yabasebenzi Yokusimama, Ephreli, 2021.
[10] “Iziteshi Zokushaja Izimoto zikagesi,” Idolobha laseKingston, NY. https://www.kingston-ny.gov/evstations
[11] "Ukuthengwa Kwabashayeli Bamabhasi Ezokuthutha Okuhlanganisiwe Kumabhasi Kagesi," Inethiwekhi Yabasebenzi Yokusimama.
[12] “Ikusasa Lezolimo Lihlanganiswe Namandla Avuselelekayo Lithola Impumelelo Engadini Yelanga KaJack,” I-CleanTechnica, Ngo-September 10, i-2021.
[13] UDarryl Ukwesaba,"Isivuno somhlaba: Ipulazi lomndeni wabaNsundu lilwa nokucwasa kwezolimo nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu,” Washington Post, Juni 28, 2021.
[14] Neil St. Anthony, "U-Winona LaDuke uhola umnyakazo wezitshalo ze-hemp ezungeze i-Minnesota's White Earth Reservation," I-StarTribune, Agasti 24, i-2019.
[15] Tau Lee, “Sigxilile Efa; Sibheke Ezweni Elisha Ngaphandle Kwemingcele Naphesheya kwezilwandle,” Iphephabhuku le-LNS. Bheka futhi: USara Rubenoff, "Imininingwane ngemiklamo eyi-14 ye-Community Microgrid ezuze uxhaso," Ulwazi lwe-Microgrid, Februwari 23, 2018.
[16] “I-Denver Housing Authority iwina umklomelo ophezulu ku-Dept. of Energy's Solar in Your Community Challenge,” I-Denver Challenge, Meyi 22, 2019. Futhi:
[17] UJohn Farrell noMaria McCoy, "Kungani Uhlelo lweSolar Somphakathi lwaseMinnesota lungcono kakhulu," I-Institute for Local Self-Reliance, Septhemba 2, 2021.
[18] Nigel Jaquiss, “Alikho Idolobha LaseMelika Elake Lazama Intela Yezobulungiswa Besimo Sezulu Njengeyethulwa I-Portland Eyodwa. Lithini Icebo?” Iviki likaWillamette. Januwari 8, 2020.
[19] "I-World-Class Logistical Port & Support Center eyakhelwe Amandla Omoya Wase-Offshore," Isikhungo Sokuhweba saseBraytonpoint. Futhi: https://www.townofsomerset.org/economic-development-committee/pages/reimagining-brayton-point, Futhi https://anbaric.com/braytonpoint/
[20] "Izifunda zihola phambili ezintweni ezivuselelekayo phakathi nengxenye yokuqala ka-2021," I-Environment America, Agasti 19, i-2021.
[21] U-Emma Foehringer Merchant, "I-Maine Iphasise Isivumelwano Esisha Sezinga Lesifundazwe Sokuthuthukiswa Kwabasebenzi," I-Greentechmedia, Juni 12, 2019.
[22] "I-ICJC Ishayela Ihlombe Ukuphasiswa KweNdlu Yomthetho Ophelele Wesimo Sezulu, Umthethosivivinywa Wemisebenzi Yamandla Ahlanzekile Elinganayo Esizweni," I-Illinois Clean Jobs Coalition, Septhemba 9, 2021.
[23] "I-Recology: Umhlaba Ongenayo Imfucuza," I-Recology WASTE ZERO.
[24] Climate Jobs National Resource Centre. https://www.cjnrc.org/our-team/mike-fishman/
[25] “Kufanele Sibheke Ikusasa,” Inethiwekhi Yabasebenzi Yokusimama kanye “Impahla Enkulu Kakhulu Kazwelonke Ye-Net Zero Plus Commercial Building Ivula e-Los Angeles,” I-Net Zero Plus kanye ne-Electrical Training Institute of Southern California, Juni 6, 2016.
[26] “Umholi Wokuthuthukiswa Komphakathi Esivinini sikaMarta,” Amandla Esivini.
[27] “Abafowethu,” Ama-GreenWorker Cooperatives.
[28] "Ukushintsha i-Connecticut ibe yiGreener," I-Connecticut Green Bank.
[29] "I-California Climate Action Corps." Amavolontiya aseCalifornia.
[30] Sam Brasch, "Njengoba iColorado Imemezela I-Climate Corps Yayo, amaDemocrat Aphusha Inguqulo Yezwe Enwebeka Kakhudlwana," Izindaba ze-CPR, Septhemba 11, 2021.
[31] “Mayelana ne-SEI's Climate Corps," I-Climate Corps, uhlelo lwe-SEI.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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