Umthombo: TomDispatch.com
Isithombe ngu-Jennifer M. Mason/Shutterstock
Ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, ngashayela ukuze ngibone udonga lukaTrump eSasabe, e-Arizona. Lapho nje ngipaka, imoto ye-Border Patrol enemigqa eluhlaza eyayimi ku-quarter mile yaqala ukukhahla ngomgwaqo owubhuqu ibheke ngakithi. Ngaphambili nje, uphawu lwe-dystopian oluthi โNo Trespassingโ lwalushaya umoya. Kwakubanda lapho ngehla emotweni nendodana yami uWilliam eneminyaka emihlanu. Udonga olungaphambi kwethu, olungamamitha angu-30 ukuphakama olunamabhola ensimbi, lwalubukeka luhle njengoba lwaluzamazama kancane emoyeni. Ngemigoqo yakhona sasikwazi ukubona i-Mexico, i-panorama ephukile yamagquma egcwele ama-mesquite asekelwa isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza.
Imoto yakwaHomeland Security yasheshe yama eduze kwethu. Umenzeli wehlise ifasitela lakhe futhi wangibuza, โWenzani? Joyriding?โ
Ngemva kokuhleka ngiphendula izwi engangingakaze ngilizwe eminyakeni eminingi, i-ejenti yasazisa ukuthi sisendaweni eyingozi yokwakha, ngisho noma le ngxenye yodonga yayakhiwe ezinyangeni ezine ngaphambili. Ngaphosa amehlo ngapha nangapha. Zazingekho ogandaganda, izinto zokumba, noma izinto zokwakha zanoma yiluphi uhlobo. Ngizibuze ukuthi ngabe ukuntuleka kwemishini kukhombisa isithembiso somkhankaso sikaJoe Biden osanda kwethulwa ukuthi โhhayi olunye unyawo"Udonga lukaTrump luzokwakhiwa.
Impela, yingakho bengilapha - ukubona ukuthi umngcele ubukeka kanjani njengoba kuqala inkathi ye-post-Trump. UMongameli uBiden ubeseqale isikhathi sakhe ngezithembiso eziqinile zokuhlehlisa izinqubomgomo zemingcele zomanduleli wakhe: imindeni ehlukene izohlanganiswa futhi abafuna ukukhoseliswa phambilini baphoqwe ukuthi bahlale eMexico bavunyelwe ukungena e-United States. Uma kubhekwa iminyaka kaTrump, iziphakamiso zabaphathi abasha zizwakala zicishe zibe nezinguquko.
Futhi nokho okunye kwangikhathaza njengoba sihamba: yonke into yayibukeka ifana njengoba yayineminyaka eminingi. Bengilokhu ngiza kulesi siqephu somngcele kusukela ngo-2001. Ngikubonile ukonakala kwakho okwandayo phakathi nesikhathi esimangalisayo sokuqinisa emngceleni emlandweni waleli zwe. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-2000 kwafika ukutheleka kwama-ejenti e-Border Patrol, okwalandelwa ngo-2007 ukwakhiwa kodonga oluyizinyawo eziyi-15 (uSenator uJoe Biden. uvotelwe for), ilandelwa imibhoshongo yokugada yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, ngezilokotho zezigidigidi zamadola isivumelwano neBoeing Corporation.
Ngikholwe, amandla abumba umngcele wethu oseningizimu emashumini eminyaka adlule abe namandla kakhulu kunoDonald Trump nanoma yimuphi usopolitiki. Ngesikhathi sokhetho lwango-2020, kwakuvame ukugonyelwa ukuthi, ngokususa uTrump, i-United States izokwakha umngcele wobuntu kanye nohlelo lokufika kwabantu kwamanye amazwe. Futhi kwakukhona iqiniso elithile kulokho, kodwa elilinganiselwe ngokusobala. Ngaphansi kwetiyetha yepolitiki echemayo, kusasele inkimbinkimbi yemboni yezimboni, inhlanganisela yezintshisekelo ezigxilile kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kukahulumeni wase-US - ikakhulukazi uMnyango Wezokuphepha Kwasekhaya (DHS) - nezinkampani ezizimele ezithole ukunakwa okuncane kakhulu.
Idolobhana elincane elisemngceleni weSasabe kanye nesifunda esizungezile liyi-microcosm yalokhu.
Amandla anqwabelanayo aleyo nkimbinkimbi manje azoqhubeka nokuvuka kukaTrump. Impela, ngokhetho lwango-2020 imboni yasemngceleni, eyakhiwe phakathi namashumi eminyaka yokuqiniswa kwe-bipartisan, empeleni yanikela ngemali ethe xaxa emkhankasweni weBiden kanye namaDemocrats kunakuTrump namaRepublican.
I-Complex
Eminyakeni eyi-12 ukusuka ku-2008 kuya ku-2020, iCustoms and Border Protection (CBP) kanye ne-Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) yakhipha izinkontileka eziyi-105,000, noma isilinganiso esimangalisayo sezinkontileka ezingama-24 ngosuku, ezifanele. $ 55 billion kosonkontileka abazimele. Leso samba seqe labo $ 52 billion Izabelomali ezihlangene zokuphoqelelwa kwemingcele kanye nokufika kwabantu kwamanye amazwe iminyaka engu-28 kusukela ngo-1975 kuya ku-2003. Nakuba lezo zinkontileka zazihlanganisa nezinkampani ezifana Fisher Sand kanye Gravel eyakha udonga lwamamitha angu-30 indodana yami futhi ngabona eSasabe, eziningi zazo - kuhlanganise nezindleko eziphakeme kakhulu - zaya ezinkampanini ezidala ukuqina komngcele wobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, kusukela ezinhlelweni zekhamera eziyinkimbinkimbi kuya kubuchwepheshe obuphambili be-biometric kanye nokucubungula idatha.
Lokhu kungachaza intshisekelo yomkhakha wemingcele kulowo ozongenela ukhetho uBiden, owathi ethembisiwe: "Ngizokwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi sinokuvikeleka kwemingcele, kodwa kuzobe kusekelwe ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi sisebenzisa amandla obuchwepheshe obuphezulu ukubhekana nakho."
Ngemuva kwalowo musho onesibindi, nesimemezelo kukhona inguqulo eyaziwa kakhulu yokuvikela imingcele yezobuchwepheshe ethengiswa njengento engenacala, engenangozi, futhi enobuntu kunalokho uTrump ayekunikeza. Njengoba kwenzeka, naphezu kwesifiso sikamongameli wethu wangaphambili sokudala udonga lwangempela emaphandleni angamakhulu amakhilomitha, ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu sekuyisikhathi eside futhi ngisho neminyaka ye-Trump yahlala iyingxenye enkulu yomngcele wezimboni.
Isikhathi esisodwa esibalulekile saleyo nkimbinkimbi safika ngo-2005 lapho iphini likanobhala woMnyango Wezokuphepha Kwasekhaya, uMichael Jackson (owayeyisikhulu esiphezulu se-Lockheed Martin), ekhuluma egunjini lenkomfa labamele izimboni zasemngceleni mayelana nokudala. udonga olubonakalayo noma lwezobuchwepheshe. โLesi isimemo esingavamile,โ esho ngaleso sikhathi. โNgifuna ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi unakho ngokucacile, siyakucela ukuthi ubuye uzositshela ukuthi silenze kanjani ibhizinisi lethu. Siyakucela. Sikumema ukuthi usitshele ukuthi siyiphathe kanjani inhlangano yethu.โ
Yebo, ngaleso sikhathi, uhlelo lokuphoqelela ukulandelwa kwemingcele kanye nokufika kwabantu kwamanye amazwe lase livele likhula ngesivinini. Ngesikhathi sokuphatha kukaMongameli uBill Clinton (1993-2001), isibonelo, isabelomali saso sonyaka sasicishe sibe yizicucu. kathathu kusukela ku-$1.5 billion kuya ku-$4.3 billion. Eqinisweni, uClinton, waqala uhlelo lokuvimbela ukufuduka olusesekhona nanamuhla lapho iWashington ithumele ama-agent ahlomile, imigoqo, nezindonga, kanye nezinhlelo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ukuvimba izindawo zasemadolobheni zendabuko lapho abokufika babeke bawela khona. Bafakwe esikhundleni esiyingozi futhi ngokubulala izindawo ezifana nehlane lase-Arizona elikude nelinonya elizungeze iSasabe. Njengoba uClinton yibeke enkulumweni yakhe yeSimo seNyunyana yango-1995:
โ[O] abaphathi bethu bathathe isinyathelo ngamandla ukuze bavikele imingcele yethu ngokwengeziwe ngokuqasha inombolo erekhodiwe yonogada abasha basemngceleni, ngokuxosha abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe abayizigebengu ngokuphindwe kabili kunangaphambili, ngokunciphisa ukuqasha ngokungemthetho, ngokuvimbela izinzuzo zezenhlalakahle kubantu abavela kwamanye amazwe abangekho emthethweni. โ
Umsindo ujwayele?
Iminyaka kaClinton, nokho, isivele yabonakala njengezikhathi zasendulo lapho uJackson enza leso sicelo sango-2005. Ubekhuluma phakathi nesikhathi esidlondlobalayo Sezokuphepha Kwasekhaya. Phela, i-DHS kuphela wadala ngo-2002 ngemuva kokuhlasela kuka-9/11. Eqinisweni, phakathi neminyaka kaGeorge W. Bush esesikhundleni, isabelomali sokuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwemingcele kanye nokufika kwabantu bokufika sikhule sisuka ku-$4.2 billion ngo-2000 saya ku-$15.2 billion 2008 - okuningi, okungukuthi, kunanoma yimuphi omunye umongameli kubandakanya noDonald Trump. Ngaphansi kukaBush, lowo mngcele waba enye ingaphambili empini yokulwa nokwesaba (ngisho noma kungekho amaphekula awela kuwo), evula ompompi bemali. Futhi yilokho uJackson ayekugcizelela - ukufika kweqiniso elisha elizokhiqiza amashumi ezinkulungwane zezinkontileka zezinkampani ezizimele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba imizamo yempi yase-US e-Afghanistan nase-Iraq iqala ukuncipha, izinkampani eziningi zezokuphepha nezokuvikela zaphikelela emakethe yasemngceleni omusha. Njengomthengisi oyedwa wabonisa kimina ku-Border Security Expo e-Phoenix ngo-2012, "Siletha inkundla yempi emngceleni." Lowo mthengisi, owayeyisosha e-Afghanistan eminyakeni embalwa edlule, wamoyizela ngokuzethemba, izingqwembe zabakhi bezikhali abakhulu njengoRaytheon zilenga phezu kwakhe. Ngaleso sikhathi (njengamanje), "inkathi ye-boom engakaze ibonwe". isibikezelo eyemakethe yasemngceleni. Njengoba inkampani i-VisionGain yachaza ngaleso sikhathi, "umbuthano omuhle ... uzoqhubeka nokuqhuba ukusetshenziswa kwemali esikhathini eside ngokusekelwe ezenzweni ezintathu ezihlangene: 'ukufudukela kwamanye amazwe ngokungemthetho kanye nokungena kwamaphekula,' imali eningi yamaphoyisa asemngceleni 'emazweni asathuthuka,' kanye 'nokuvuthwa. 'yezobuchwepheshe obusha."
Kusukela ngomhlaka-9/11, izikhondlakhondla zezinkampani zezokuphepha emngceleni zaba negalelo elikhulu emikhankasweni hhayi kubaqokelwe isikhundla sokuba ngumongameli kuphela, kodwa futhi nakukhiye. amalungu YamaKomiti Okwabiwa Kwezimali kanye Namakomiti Ezokuphepha Kwezwe (kokubili iNdlu neSigele) - konke okubalulekile uma kukhulunywa ngezinqubomgomo zemingcele, izinkontileka, kanye nesabelomali. Phakathi kuka-2006 no-2018, osonkontileka abaphezulu basemngceleni bathanda General Dynamics, Lockheed Martin, I-Northrop Grumman, Futhi Raytheon kwaba nomthelela isamba sezigidi zamaRandi angama-27.6 kumalungu eKomidi Lokwabiwa Kwezindlu kanye namaRandi ayizigidi eziyisi-6.5 kumalungu eKomidi Lezokuphepha Lasekhaya LeNdlu. Futhi kusukela ngo-2002 kuya ku-2019, bacishe babe ngama-20,000 ababikiwe ukunxenxa โukuvakashaโ emahhovisi engqungquthela ahlobene nezokuphepha kwezwe. Ukuvakasha okungu-2,841 okubikwe ngo-2018 kuphela kuhlanganisa okuvela kosonkontileka abaphezulu be-CBP kanye ne-ICE Accenture, CoreCivic, I-GeoGroup, I-L3Harris, Futhi Leidos.
Ngesikhathi uDonald Trump engena e-White House ngo-2017, inkimbinkimbi yezimboni zasemngceleni yayimnandi ngempela. Ngalowo nyaka, wayezokwengamela a $ 20-billion Isabelomali semingcele kanye nezokuthuthela kwamanye amazwe futhi inama-agent acishe abe ngu-20,000 aqapha i-Border Patrol (asuka ku-4,000 ngo-1994), amamayela angu-650 ezindonga nezithiyo osezakhiwe kakade, izigidigidi zamaRandi kubuchwepheshe bemingcele obukhona ngaleso sikhathi, kanye nezikhungo zokuvalelwa kwabokufika ezingaphezu kuka-200 ngaphesheya. I-the united states.
Uthe uzozakhela eyakhe"udonga olukhulu, olukhuluphele, oluhle,โ iningi lazo, njengoba kwavela, kakade wayekhona. Wathi wayezobambelela emngceleni owawuvele ucishwe ngendlela emangalisayo. Futhi ngendlela yakhe, wayiyisa emazingeni amasha.
Yilokho esikubonile eSasabe, lapho udonga lwamamitha angu-15 lwalusanda kususwa ngodonga lwamamitha angu-30. Njengoba kwenzeka, okuningi kwe Amamayela angu-450 odongeni abaphathi bakaTrump, ekugcineni, bakha okubandakanya ngempela ukushintshanisa izithiyo ezincane ezivele zikhona nezimbi kakhulu ezishiye imvelo emangalisayo namasiko. ukubhujiswa ekuvukeni kwabo.
Izinqubomgomo zokuphatha zikaTrump ziphoqelele abantu abafuna ukukhoseliswa ukuthi balinde eMexico, izingane zilinde avele enkantolo yabokufika, futhi yahlukanisa amalungu omndeni emshinini wokuvalela ogcwele izinkampane zazo $126 umuntu ngamunye ngosuku iminyaka. Ubengenza okuncane kwalokhu ngaphandle kwesakhiwo esikhula njalo semboni yezimboni esandulelayo futhi, ngezindlela ezibalulekile, samenza.
Noma kunjalo, emkhankasweni wokhetho lwango-2020, imboni yasemngceleni yavotela iBiden kanye namaDemocrats. Leyo pivot yaqinisekisa into eyodwa: ukuthi ithonya layo lalizoba namandla, uma lingenamandla, ezindabeni ezinjalo lapho abaphathi abasha bethatha izintambo.
Iminyaka YeBiden Iqala Emngceleni
Ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari 2021, oqokwe nguBiden ukuthi aqhube i-DHS, u-Alejandro Mayorkas. evezwe ukuthi, eminyakeni emithathu edlule, wayezuze u-$3.3 wezigidi kumakhasimende ezinkampani nefemu yabameli iWilmerHale. Amabili alawo makhasimende kwakunguNorthrop Grumman kanye noLeidos, izinkampani mina no-Nick Buxton esizihlonze njengosonkontileka abahamba phambili emngceleni. Umngcele kaBiden: Imboni, amaDemocrats kanye noKhetho lwango-2020, a umbiko sibhalele i-Transnational Institute.
Ngenkathi siqala ukubheka iminikelo yomkhankaso ka-2020 yosonkontileka abaphezulu basemngceleni abayi-13 be-CBP ne-ICE, sasingazi ukuthi yini okufanele siyilindele. Phela kwakuyiqembu lebhizinisi elihlanganisa abakhiqizi bengqalasizinda yokuqapha "yodonga olubonakalayo" olusezingeni eliphezulu emngceleni onjenge-L3Harris, iGeneral Dynamics, nenkampani yakwa-Israel. I-Elbit Systems; abanye bayathanda I-Palantir futhi IBM ikhiqize isofthiwe yokucubungula idatha emngceleni; futhi bekukhona nezinkampani zokuboshwa ezifana neCoreCivic neGeoGroup.
Okusithusile ukuthi lezi zinkampani bezinikele kakhulu emkhankasweni weBiden ($5,364,994) kunoTrump ($1,730,435). Sekukonke, bebeshintshele kumaDemocrats athole u-55% wama-dollar ayizigidi ezingama-40 emikhankasweni yawo, okuhlanganisa neminikelo yezihluthulelo. amalungu weNdlu kanye namakomidi eSabelo seSenethi kanye namakomidi ezokuPhepha kweKhaya.
Kusesekuseni kakhulu ukuthi kuhlolwe ukuthi kuzokwenzekani emshinini omkhulu waleli zwe wokuthuthela kwelinye izwe ngaphansi kombuso weBiden, owenze izethembiso ngokuhlehlisa izinqubomgomo zemingcele yeTrumpian. Noma kunjalo, ngeke ibambeke kancane kuwebhu ye-border-industrial complex kunaleyo yokuphatha eyandulele.
Mhlawumbe umbono womngcele wesikhathi esizayo ngaphansi kweBiden wanikezwa lapho, ngoJanuwari 19, lowo oqokwe njengonobhala Wezokuphepha Kwasekhaya uMayorkas evele ezigcawini zakhe zokuqinisekiswa kweSenethi futhi ebuzwa ngabantu abayizi-8,000 abavela eHonduras ababheke e-US โngekharavaniโ ngaso leso sikhathi. . Ngosuku olwedlule, amasosha namaphoyisa aqeqeshwe e-U.S. eGuatemala thikisiwe base bexosha inqwaba yabo njengoba bezama ukuwelela kulelozwe. Abaningi kumahamba-nendlwana kubika ukuthi babelibangise enyakatho ngenxa yeziphepho ezilandelanayo zesigaba 4 ezazicekele phansi ugu lwaseHonduran naseNicaragua ngoNovemba 2020.
Mayorkas Uphendule Ngokujwayelekile ukuthi uma abantu betholakala befaneleka โngaphansi komthetho wokuhlala e-United States, sizosebenzisa umthetho ngokufanele, uma bengakufanelekeli ukuhlala e-United States, ngeke bakwenze lokho.โ Uma kubhekwa ukuthi asikho isimo sababaleki esitholakala kunoma ngubani oweqa umngcele okusho ukuthi iningi lalabo abagcine bekwenzile (uma bekwenzile) ngeke bafaneleke ukuhlala.
Kungenzeka ukuthi, ngesikhathi ngiyobona lolo donga nendodana yami ngasekupheleni kuka-February, abanye abantu kuleyo ndlwana-mahamba-nendlwana base befikile emngceleni, naphezu kwezithiyo ezingapheli endleleni yabo. Njengoba sehla ngomgwaqo u-Highway 286, owaziwa nangokuthi u-Sasabe Road, kwaba nemibiko yabantu abangenazo izincwadi abavela eGuatemala, eHonduras, e-El Salvador, nase-Mexico bonke ababedabula ukhahlamba lwezintaba i-Baboquivari entshonalanga yethu kanye nezihosha ezimbi ezisempumalanga. yethu emizamweni yokugwema i-Border Patrol kanye nemishini yayo yokugada.
Ngenkathi uMongameli uDwight D. Eisenhower exwayisa abantu baseMelika ngalokho akubiza ngokuthi โinxanxathela yezempi yezimboniโ ngo-1961, wakhuluma โngethonya layo eliphelele - kwezomnotho, kwezombusazwe, ngisho nangokomoyaโฆ uhulumeni.โ Ngemva kweminyaka engu-XNUMX, kungashiwo okufanayo ngomngcele wezimboni okhula njalo. Idinga nje izinhlekelele zesimo sezulu kanye namakharavani anjalo (noma, njengoba sibona njengamanje, โizinkinga ezinjaloโ yezingane ezingaphelezelwanga) ukuze iqhubeke nokukhula kwayo okungapheli, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umongameli uphakamisa udonga olukhulu, olunonile, oluhle noma ukhetha ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu bomngcele.
Kimi nendodana yami, imishini yokuphoqelela umthetho yaqala ukubonakala endaweni yokuhlola eqhele ngamakhilomitha angu-25 enyakatho yomngcele wamazwe ngamazwe. Akugcinanga ngokuthi abegqoke umfaniswano oluhlaza bebehloma abagibeli imibuzo kunoma iyiphi imoto ebheke enyakatho, kodwa inqwaba yamakhamera abegxile ezimotweni ezidlulayo.
Ukuthi kwakungabafundi bepuleti lelayisense noma amakhamera abona ubuso ngangingenayo indlela yokwazi. Engangikwazi ukuthi uNorthrop Grumman (owanikela ngama- $649,748 kuJoe Biden kanye nama- $323,014 kuDonald Trump emkhankasweni wokhetho lwango-2020) wayethole inkontileka ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lwe-biometric lwe-CBP luhlanganisa โizindlelaโ yazo zonke izinhlobo โ idatha yobuso neyezwi, ukubonwa kwe-iris, izibazi nama-tattoos, mhlawumbe nokuqoqwa kwesampula ye-DNA, kanye nolwazi olumayelana โnamaphethini obudlelwanoโ โnokuhlanganaโ nomphakathi. Futhi ubani owayengasho uma Ama-drones e-Predator B ukuthi iGeneral Atomics ikhiqiza - oh, ngaleyo ndlela, leyo nkampani yanikeza ama- $ 82,974 ku-Biden kanye nama- $ 51,665 kuTrump ngo-2020 - babengaphezu kwethu (njengoba bevame ukuba sezifundeni zasemngceleni) besebenzisa iNorthrup Grumman's. I-VADER Uhlelo lwe-radar โlokuzingela abantuโ luqale ukuthunyelwa e-Afghanistan?
Njengoba sidabula kulowo mgwaqo, izimoto ze-Border Patrol zazigcwele yonke indawo, ziqinisa imishini yokuqapha enwebekayo. Amamayela angu-100 ngaphakathi kwe-U.S. Ngokushesha sadlula umbhoshongo ongaseceleni komgwaqo owaqala ukwakhiwa yiBoeing Corporation futhi walungiswa yi-Elbit Systems ($5,553 kuya ku-Biden, $5,649 kuya ku-Trump), okungenye yenqwaba endaweni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwalowo mgwaqo onguthelawayeka kwakukhona ugwadule lapho a I-G4S ($49,233 to Biden, $33,019 to Trump) iveni ngokuvamile ayisebenzi. Kuyijele elingumahamba nendlwana i-Border Patrol elisebenzisela ukuthutha iziboshwa zayo ezikhungweni zesikhashana eTucson. Futhi khumbula ukuthi bekukuningi ebesingakwazi ukukubona njengezinkulungwane zezinzwa ezinyakazayo ezifakwe ezikhiqizwe inqwaba yezinye izinkampani.
Ukuhamba kule ndawo emngceleni, kunzima ukuzizwa sengathi usenguqulo enenzuzo ye-panopticon yakudala, uhlelo lwejele lapho, noma ngabe ukuphi, ubukwa. Ngisho noWilliam oneminyaka emihlanu ubudala wamangazwa izwe elinjalo futhi, edidekile ngempela, wangibuza, โKungani amadoda aluhlaza,โ njengoba ebiza kanjalo i-Border Patrol, โefuna ukumisa izisebenzi?โ
Ngesikhathi sifika kuleso siqeshana sodonga lukaTrump โolukhulu, olukhuluphele, oluhleโ, kwakubonakala kuyingxenye encane yesistimu enkulu kakhulu eyashiya ipolitiki yezinhlangothi othulini. Enhliziyweni yayo kwakungakaze kube yi-Donald kodwa iqoqo elinamandla lezinkampani ezinentshisekelo esebenzayo yokusebenza kulowo mngcele kuze kube sekupheleni kwesikhathi.
Ngemva nje kokuba umenzeli esitshele ukuthi sasisendaweni yokwakha futhi kudingeka sihambe, ngabona inqwaba yamapulangwe eduze komgwaqo owubhuqu owawuhambisana nodonga. Babephuma odongeni lwangaphambili, lowo uBiden ayemvotele ngo-2006. Njengoba mina noWilliam sibuyela eTucson ngalelo phepha lokuhlola, ngazibuza ukuthi umhlaba wezimboni zasemngceleni wawuzobukeka kanjani lapho esengangami futhi ehlala kuphi. kungaba izwe elidlulele nakakhulu eligcwele abantu abesaba kakhulu ababalekela inhlekelele.
Futhi ngangilokhu ngicabanga ngaleyo nqwaba elahliwe yama-bollards, isikhumbuzo sokuthi kungaba lula kanjani ukubhidliza lolodonga nomhlaba ohambisana nalo.
Copyright 2021 Todd Miller
Todd Miller, a I-TomDispatch ejwayelekile, ubhale ngezindaba zemingcele nezokufika kuleli New York Times, Al Jazeera America, kanye nombiko we-NACLA on the Americas. Incwadi yakhe yakamuva ithi Yakha Amabhuloho, Hhayi Izindonga: Uhambo Oluya Emhlabeni Ongenayo Imingcele. Ungamlandela ku-Twitter @memomiller futhi ubuke okwengeziwe komsebenzi wakhe ku-toddmillerwriter.com.