Umthombo: I-Rosa Luxembourg Foundation
Kubo bonke abantu abathanda ukuthula nokuvikeleka eYurophu, umhla zingama-22 kuNhlolanja wezi-2022 kwakuwusuku olumnyama. Ngomhla zingama-24 kuFebhuwari, lapho iRussia iqala impi yobudlova engenabulungiswa ngokumelene nezwe elingumakhelwane, yayimnyama nakakhulu. I-Russia kumele iqede le mpi ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kwemibandela ukuze isuse indlela ebuyela etafuleni lezingxoxo.
Ngokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu kwezinhloso e-Ukraine kanye nokuhlasela kwamasosha angaphansi, iRussia ibonise amandla ayo agcwele obudlova kanye nokwephulwa komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Abantu base-Ukraine, manje abazithola besempini engase ibangele ukugeleza okukhulu kwababaleki abavela kuzo zonke izingxenye zezwe, yibona abahluphekayo.
Izixazululo ezinokuthula zazitholakalele ukuthula nokulondeka e-Ukraine. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi kube nezixazululo ezingcono zezokuphepha ezisemthethweni zaseRussia - kanye nokuthula nokuvikeleka kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Okungenzeka manje akusizi izakhamizi zase-Ukraine, eRussia, noma eNtshonalanga Yurophu - futhi, njengoba izwe labo lingumdlali obaluleke kakhulu, izakhamizi zase-US.
Imidlalo Ebulalayo kanye Namazinga Amabili
Ngobusuku bangomhla zingama-21 kuNhlolanja wezi-2022, uMongameli waseRussia u-Vladimir Putin waqaphela lowo owayezihlukanisile obizwa ngokuthi โAmaRiphabhulikhi Yabantuโ yaseLuhansk naseDonetsk esifundeni esisempumalanga ye-Donbass yase-Ukraine njengezifundazwe ezizimele. Ukunikeza amaRiphabhulikhi aseDonbass ilungelo lokuzihlukanisa namuhla kuyindinganiso ecacile ephindwe kabili engxenyeni kaPutin, njengoba umbuso waseRussia wenqaba ilungelo elifanayo kumaChechen ezimpini ezimbili ezichitha igazi nezibhubhisayo.
Ngaphambi kokuqaphela ama-republic aseDonbass, iRussia yayikhiphe ama-passports aseRussia angaphezu kuka-700,000 kubahlali basezindaweni ezihlukene phakathi neminyaka emibili edlule. Uhulumeni wase-Ukraine entshonalanga yezwe ubengakabazi ohulumeni baseLuhansk naseDonetsk kuze kube manje, futhi, kulandela ukuthatha amandla ngumongameli wesikhashana u-Poroshenko (okuqinisekisiwe okhethweni esikhathini esifushane kamuva), wathumela amabutho ahlomile ngokumelene nezihlubuki, ebabuyisela emuva engxenyeni yendawo yabo yasekuqaleni. Namuhla, umbuso waseRussia uqinisekisa izenzo zawo ngokuvimbela "ukubulawa kwabantu" kwabantu baseRussia empumalanga ye-Ukraine, enobudlelwane obuqinile bezomnotho neRussia. Lokhu ikwenza ngoba kumele ithethelele impi yodlame ngaphakathi naphambi komhlaba. Kungamanga ajwayelekile empi.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, umongameli waseRussia ucela "isibopho sokuvikela" egameni "labaseRussia phesheya", njengoba lalisetshenziswa ngaphambili yiNtshonalanga kanye ne-NATO ezimeni ezifana nokuhlasela kweLibya ngo-2011 ukuze bathethelele izindlela zabo ezifana nempi. kanye nenqubomgomo yokushintsha uhlelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlukaniswa nokuqashelwa kwamaRiphabhulikhi aseDonbass kukopisha imodeli yaseNtshonalanga yokuhlukaniswa nokuqashelwa kweKosovo ngemuva kwempi ye-NATO ngokumelene neFederal Republic of Yugoslavia (iSerbia neMontenegro) ngo-1999.
Impi yenkulumo-ze ilele mayelana nokuqothulwa kohlanga okuseduze, okuyinto uPutin manje ayibiza njengesizathu, nayo iyafana: ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu kweYugoslavia kwandulelwa ukusungulwa kukaNgqongqoshe Wezokuvikela waseJalimane ngaleso sikhathi uRudolf Scharping kanye nokusakazwa kwe-"Operation Horseshoe", ukubulawa kwabantu okuthiwa sekuseduze kweKosovo. Inani labantu base-Albania nguhulumeni waseSerbia-Montenegrin. Ngale ndlela, iNtshonalanga inikeze izwe laseRussia ipulani yokwephula umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Leli qiniso alithetheleli lutho - kodwa liyasiza ukuchaza ukuthi ukucabanga kwezempi kanye nomthetho wabanamandla kunabo bonke baye baba kanjani kwezombusazwe namuhla.
Ufunani uPutin?
Umbuzo uthi impi ihlose ukuthi iRussia iphishekele. Sekucacile ukuthi abaseRussia abahleli ukumisa esiteshini "sabalindi bokuthula" eDonbass. Kuyaxaka ukuthi lokhu bekungayinqanda ngempumelelo ingxabano, njengoba i-US ne-NATO bengakulungele ukungena empini evulekile neRussia - amandla enuzi - egameni le-Ukraine. UJoe Biden wayeke washo ukuthi i-US izojezisa iRussia futhi ithumele izikhali nemali e-Ukraine, kodwa hhayi amasosha awo.
Enkulumweni yakhe ngobusuku bangomhla zingama-23-24 kuFebhuwari 2022, uPutin wamemezela "ukuchithwa kwezempi" kanye "nokudenazification" kwe-Ukraine njengezinhloso zempi yaseRussia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, labo ababebangela izenzo zobudlova empini yombango yase-Ukraine, kuhlanganise nabaphehli bokuhlasela kwe-Odessa Trade Union House, babezobanjwa.
Ukuhlasela kwezindiza kuzo zonke izingxenye zezwe kuhloswe ngazo ukucekela phansi ingqalasizinda yezempi. Kuyangabazeka ukuthi iyiphi injongo okufanele yenziwe lokhu: izinhloso zempi yesikhathi esifushane, noma izinhloso zesikhathi eside njengokucekela phansi ingqalasizinda engase isebenze njengendawo yokuhlela yamasosha e-NATO uma kwenzeka kuba nombimbi lwaseNtshonalanga? Lesi sakamuva ngokungangabazeki sinombono omfishane uma kubhekwa ukuthi, kulandela imizuliswano ehlukahlukene yokwandiswa kwe-NATO ngasempumalanga, iRussia yabelana neminye imingcele eqondile namazwe e-NATO, ukusuka emazweni aseBaltic kuya eNingizimu-mpumalanga yeYurophu. Ngakho-ke, kusobala ukuthi lezi zinyathelo zihambisana nezinhloso zempi ezisheshayo kanye nokulungiswa kwemisebenzi engavinjelwe endaweni yase-Ukraine.
Noma kunjalo, kuyacaca futhi ukuthi "nge-denazification", u-Putin akagcini nje ngokuvusa izinkumbulo ezidumile ze "Great Patriotic War" kanye nokukhululwa kweYurophu ku-fascism yaseJalimane yi-Red Army, ephakamisa ukuphindaphinda komlando, kodwa futhi eshiya inketho evulekile. wokusebenza okubanzi kakhulu namasosha angaphansi, ngisho "nokushintsha kombuso" eKiev. Kuyavunywa, inani lamasosha aseRussia ayi-120-150,000 ahlanganiswe kuze kube manje lincane kakhulu empini enjalo. Ngokwesibonelo, eMpini YaseGulf, i-US yahlanganisa amasosha angu-400,000 emngceleni omfushane kakhulu. Kodwa njengoba indawo okuthunyelwa kuyo isemngceleni ngokuqondile, ukunyakaza okuhambisanayo okusheshayo kungacatshangwa futhi impi yokuguqula umbuso ngeke ikhishwe.
Kungacatshangwa futhi ukuthi ukusebenza kwamasosha aseRussia ngokumelene nengqalasizinda yezempi yase-Ukraine kuhloswe ukumboza intuthuko yalokho okubizwa ngokuthi โAmaRiphabhulikhi Yabantuโ yaseLuhansk naseDonetsk. Kuyavunywa, umongameli waseRussia uzichithile izimfuno ngale ndlela ezenziwe emhlanganweni - ngokungangabazeki owenziwe futhi owawuhlelwe isikhathi eside - woMkhandlu Wezokuphepha WaseRussia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxabano zaseRussia "zokuqothulwa kohlanga" zihlale zikhuluma ngenani "labantu abadinga ukuvikelwa" abayizigidi ezine, elihambisana nezinombolo ezisemingceleni yamanje ye "People's Republics". Noma kunjalo, ngeke kukhishwe ukuthi amariphabhulikhi aseDonbass manje - ngokusekelwa kweRussia - azokwenza inqubekelaphambili ukuze athathe kabusha izindawo ezilahlekile.
Uhulumeni waseRussia uyazi ukuthi i-US ne-NATO abazimisele ukungena engxabanweni namanye amandla enuzi egameni le-Ukraine. Njengelungu elingelona i-NATO, i-Athikili 5 ayisebenzi. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuyangabazeka ukuthi iRussia izozuzani empini evulekile nebutho lase-Ukraine. Umbono wokushintsha umbuso ungase ufune ukwenza umholi weqembu eliphikisayo elisekela iRussia uViktor Medvedchuk abe umongameli futhi ngaleyo ndlela afake inqubomgomo yezangaphandle efana neyeQembu Lezifunda, elabusa izwe ngaphansi kukaMongameli uYanukovych kwaze kwaba ngu-2014. Nokho, isu elinjalo lalingaba ube nokuzilimaza ngandlela-thile, uma ungahlanyi.
Kuliqiniso ukuthi iqembu eliphikisayo likaMedvedchuk laliphambili okhethweni oluthile kwaze kwaba sekuboshweni kwakhe endlini, okwamenyezelwa yi-Ukraine National Security Council ngoMeyi 2021, ngenxa yokunganeliseki ngesimo somnotho kanye namahlazo enkohlakalo (ekuqaleni ayephikisana nenkohlakalo. ) UMongameli Zelensky. Izenzo zamanje zaseRussia kanye nodlame lwaseRussia, nokho, ngokwemvelo kuqinisa ukukholelwa kubantu base-Ukraine ukuthi ubulungu be-EU kanye ne-NATO kufanele bufunwe ukuze bavikeleke. Uma lokho bekungenjalo kakade, kuyoba khona inqwaba ehlala njalo evumelana nombono onjalo ngemva kwale mpi, ikakhulukazi njengoba abaphikisi bentuthuko enjalo ngeke besakwazi ukuthwala isisindo empumalanga ye-Ukraine.
Lokhu futhi kusho ukuthi, nokho, ukungathathi hlangothi okuhlala njalo kwe-Ukraine noma ubudlelwano basempumalanga bungenzeka kuphela ngaphansi kokulawulwa okusemthethweni kwezempi kwezwe laseRussia. Phela, i-Ukraine enjalo izobhekana nochungechunge lonke lwamazwe e-NATO anemingcele eya eRussia, okuzobe sekugxile kakhulu eNtshonalanga futhi okuthi - njengamaZwe aseBaltic - sekuvele kuyizindawo eziphindaphindiwe zokuthunyelwa kwamasosha e-NATO.
Kwenzekani Okulandelayo?
Noma iyiphi indlela, isenzo saseRussia siphawula umvuthwandaba wentuthuko kusukela ngo-2014. Inqubo yokuthula yaseMinsk II okwaxoxwa ngayo ku-2015 yabona kusengaphambili ukuthi izinhlangothi zombili zivumelana futhi zigcina ukumiswa komlilo, bese zingena engxoxweni ukuze zixoxisane ngokuzimela okufinyelele kude kwesifunda saseDonbass ngokubuyisela. ukuze kuqedwe ukutheleka kwamasosha nezikhali zaseRussia. โIfomethi yase-Normandyโ, indikimba yezomeli ebambe iqhaza e-Ukraine, eRussia, eJalimane naseFrance, yayisekelwe esithembisweni sokuthi izithakazelo zezokuphepha zase-Ukraine neRussia ngeke zinqunywe phezu kwamakhanda ase-Ukrainian eWashington naseMoscow, nokuthi abantu baseYurophu. babekwazi ukunakekela ukuphepha kwabo โekhaya elivamile laseYurophuโ.
Ngokombono wenqubomgomo yokuthula, umphumela ofiselekayo wawungaba ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo esivamile sezokuphepha saseYurophu esihlanganisa iRussia, lapho iRussia kwakuzodingeka izibophezele ekuhlonipheni iMemorandamu yaseBudapest ka-1994 nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwe-Ukraine.
Kunalokho, umphumela omubi kakhulu ubonakala udlala ngaphandle. Intuthuko yamanje eMpumalanga Yurophu inemiphumela okungenani eyisithupha yesikhathi esimaphakathi neside - yonke into ekhathaza kakhulu.
Okokuqala, I-Ukraine iye yahlukaniswa nakanjani ngenxa yokuhlukana phakathi kweNtshonalanga neMpumalanga okwaqala kudala ngaphambi kuka-2014. Inqubo ye-Minsk II, eyayihlose ukuqeda impi yase-Ukraine, inkhulumomphendvulwano phakathi kwe-Kiev nezindawo zokuhlukana, kanye nesimo sokuzimela esimweni esihlangene sendawo. kanjalo futhi umlando. Okufanayo kuyasebenza kufomethi yase-Normandy, emele umzamo wokunquma isiphetho sethu njengabantu baseYurophu: ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-US.
Okwesibili, ngokuhlukana kokugcina kwe-Ukraine, elinye izwe laseMpumalanga Yurophu elinezwe elincane lesizwe lilahla ukuhlukahluka kwamasiko kanye namasiko amaningi, kuyilapho izinqubomgomo ze-homogenization yobuzwe ziqina nhlangothi zombili. Lokhu kuhlukanisa imindeni kanye nomlando wabo wezizwe eziningi, izilimi eziningi, nezombusazwe kanye nemibono ehlukene ngokwehlukana - phakathi kokuziqhenya ngamagugu e-collectionist yobuzwe ngakolunye uhlangothi nokuziqhenya ngamagugu aseSoviet kanye nokunqoba empini yokulwa nobufascism ngakolunye. Kusobala ukuthi i-antisemitism kanye ne-antiziganism cishe izodlala indima ethile nhlangothi zombili. Noma ubani okhumbula inqubomgomo embi ye-homogenization e-Central naseMpumalanga Yurophu ngaphambi (futhi, ngaphansi kwezizathu ezihlukahlukene, ngisho nangemva kwalokho) i-1945 izothuswa yileli themba.
Okwesithathu, ukuchitheka kwegazi kwezinye izifundazwe eziseMpumalanga Yurophu kufanele kwesatshwe. Nakuba iRussia ingazange ifake ngokusemthethweni izindawo zokuhlukana kweRussia zase-Abkhazia naseNingizimu Ossetia ngo-2008, futhi lokhu cishe akulindelekile ngisho namanje (ngenxa ye-Black Sea Fleet, iCrimea yayinokubaluleka okuhluke ngokuphelele kwe-geopolitical eMoscow kuneRiphabhulikhi yaseDonbass. ), kukhona futhi usongo lokuchitheka kwezinye izifunda zezifunda ze-post-Soviet, futhi ngempela umhlaba, ngendlela yokudweba imingcele emisha ngokuhlukana. Ukuchitheka kwegazi okwengeziwe kuyoba umphumela
Okwesine, Inkulumo kaPutin ngo-21 February ibonisa ukuthi abantu baseRussia nabo balahle ithemba "ngekhaya elivamile laseYurophu". Izimfuno zikahulumeni waseRussia emazweni aseNtshonalanga ngoJanuwari 2022 ukuthi zibuyele esimweni sangemva kuka-1991 kanye nesethembiso saseMelika ukuthi ngeke sandise i-NATO empumalanga, hhayi ukumisa amasosha futhi nokungamiseli izikhali zenuzi emngceleni waseRussia, kwaba yinkohliso uma kubhekwa ibhalansi. amabutho aseNtshonalanga kanye namaqiniso adalwe iNtshonalanga emizuliswaneni emihlanu ye-NATO yokwandisa ngasempumalanga. Kuningi okwenzekile kule minyaka engama-25โ30 edlule kangangokuthi ukwethembana kuye kwanyakaziswa unomphela.
Inani lalezi zinqubomgomo ezimbi manje selizokhokhwa izakhamuzi zase-Ukraine, eRussia, e-Europe nase-US. Enkathini entsha yombango wamandla amakhulu, "ikhethini lensimbi" elisha, eliqiniswe yizinhlangothi zombili, lisongela ukudabula iYurophu, lijulisa ukwakheka kwe-bloc eyingozi "yaseNtshonalanga" (kuze kufike e-Ukraine) ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi umfelandawonye oholwa yiChina neRussia ngakolunye.
Isitatimende esihlanganyelwe sikahulumeni waseShayina nowaseRussia ekuvulweni kweMidlalo Yama-Olympic eBeijing siphinde sikhombisa ukuthi iMoscow neBeijing balungiselela iMpi Yomshoshaphansi enjalo, ngisho noma uhulumeni waseChina ezwakalise ukuzisola ngokudlondlobala kwe-Ukraine ngo-22 February futhi. wabiza ukuthi kubuyelwe kungxoxo. Lokhu kuzophinde kusho ukuthi umjaho wezikhali womhlaba uzoqhubeka, okungagcini nje ngokubandakanya izingozi zangempela zempi, kodwa futhi ukubopha izinsiza ezidingeka ngokushesha ukubhekana nezinkinga zomhlaba njengendlala kanye nenhlekelele yesimo sezulu.
Okwesihlanu, ngokuhlaselwa kwayo, iRussia igcine iyichithile iMemorandamu yaseBudapest, lapho yazibophezela khona ukuhlonipha indawo yase-Ukraine ngokubuyisela i-Ukraine izikhali zenuzi (zamaSoviet). Ngenxa yalokho, ama-oligarchs aseNtshonalanga ase-Ukraine nawo azoqiniswa, okuthi ngenxa yokuzizuzisa ngokwezimali, afune ubudlelwano obuqinile ne-EU naseNtshonalanga ngoba, ngokungafani ne-oligarchs yaseMpumalanga yezimboni yasekhaya noma yaseRussia, banayo. akukho okuzolahleka futhi kuningi ongakuzuza ngobudlelwano obunjalo.
Ingxenye yabantu abafuna ukufaka isicelo sobulungu be-NATO izokhula ngokuqondakalayo. Umthethosisekelo wase-Ukraine kanye nemithetho ye-NATO kuze kube manje kumile endleleni yombono onjalo: kuze kube ngu-2019, umthethosisekelo wase-Ukraine ugunyaze ukungathathi hlangothi kwezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-NATO ayiwavumi amazwe angqubuzana. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kungenzeka kube isiqondiso lapho izikhulu eziphezulu zaseNtshonalanga kanye nenani labantu baseNtshonalanga ye-Ukraine zizophusha khona uma kubhekwa ukwanda kodweshu.
Umbono onjalo, yiqiniso, uqondakala ngokuphelele ngokombono wase-Ukraine. Izifundazwe zaseMpumalanga Yurophu, njenge-Russia, zinezintshisekelo ezisemthethweni zokuphepha ezisekelwe kulokho okwenzeka emlandweni. IJalimane ikakhulukazi - eyahlasela, yahlukanisa, futhi yenza amazwe aseMpumalanga Yurophu amakoloni izikhathi eziningana ekhulwini lamashumi amabili futhi yabandakanyeka kakhulu ekuhlukaniseni iPoland ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili - kumele iwaphathe ngozwela.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuhlanganisa nokuqaphela ukuthi amazwe amancane aseMpumalanga Yurophu abe nokuhlangenwe nakho kwawo neRussia, okwathi, kusukela ezingxenyeni zasePoland kuya ku-Hitler-Stalin Pact, nayo yahlasela amazwe aseNtshonalanga futhi yaphinde yathatha indawo eyayilahlekile. I-Brest-Litovsk. Akuzona kuphela izithakazelo zokuphepha zaseRussia ezisemthethweni, kodwa futhi - njengoba kufanele kucace manje - izithakazelo zokuphepha zamazwe aseMpumalanga Yurophu, enye yazo manje ehlaselwa emhlabathini waseRussia.
Noma kunjalo, ukungena kwe-Ukraine ku-NATO kungaba inhlekelele mayelana nokuthula, ukuphepha nokubambisana eYurophu, ngoba kusho ukuthi, esimweni esibi kakhulu, amandla e-NATO aseNtshonalanga neRussia bazobhekana maphakathi ne-Ukraine. Ilungelo lase-Ukraine lokujoyina imifelandawonye licashunwe ngokufanelekile ngabaseNtshonalanga. Ukuphepha kwe-Ukraine akukwazanga futhi akukwazi ukuxoxisana ngakho eMoscow noma eWashington ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwe-Ukraine. Kodwa: kufanele kuvunywe ukuthi amazwe aseNtshonalanga, nawo, lapho ephikisana nezintshisakalo zawo zezwe, ngokuvamile ayengazimisele ngelungelo lezwe lokukhetha imifelandawonye. Njengoba kungenakwenzeka njengoba ithemba lezakhiwo zezokuphepha zaseYurophu ezihlangene kuhlanganise neRussia lingemva kokukhuphuka kwamanje, leli themba nokho libonakala lingenalo elinye ithuba uma sithemba ukuvimbela ukungqubuzana okugcwele phakathi kwe-NATO kanye ne-bloc yezomnotho nezempi yaseRussia-China.
Okwesithupha, umzamo weJalimane wokuba ngumlamuli ngokuyeka (okuhlaselayo) ukulethwa kwezikhali e-Ukraine nokugcizelela ifomethi yase-Normandy ngeshwa nawo wehlulekile. Ngenxa yalokho, i-US iphinde ithole lokho ekudala ikuphishekela njengezinjongo zayo eziyinhloko ze-geopolitical: ukwenziwa buthaka kweRussia (ngonswinyo kanye nokuphela kwe-North Stream 2) nangokuthunyelwa kwamandla e-US eNtshonalanga Yurophu, namandla aseJalimane naseNtshonalanga Yurophu kanye ngaleyo ndlela ukuncika kwezwe nepolitiki e-US njengenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokucindezela ukufaka iJalimane kanye nezifundazwe ze-NATO zaseNtshonalanga Yurophu โekuphatheniโ kombuso wobunxiwankulu bomhlaba. Umbono "wokuzimela kwamasu" kweYurophu uyancipha kakhulu.
Kuhunyushwe ngu-Loren Balhorn
U-Ingar Solty uyisikhulu Senqubomgomo Yokuthula Nezokuphepha e-Rosa Luxembourg Foundation.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela
1 Amazwana
Ngaso sonke isikhathi labo abangenawo amandla bakhokha kugeyimu engcolile kakhulu yepolitiki yamandla e-geopolitical. I-Russia, vele, ayilungile, kodwa ngokufanayo bonke abadlali abakhulu emhlabeni-ikakhulukazi i-US, ikakhulukazi iNtshonalanga Yurophu, kanye nezithakazelo zezezimali zomhlaba zihlala zidlala ngokuzilawula kanye nenzuzo. Kuyanyanyisa ngempela!