I-US Democrats kanye namaRiphabhulikhi bangase bangavumelani ngamasu amaningi futhi mhlawumbe engxenyeni yesu lokusekela ukuhlasela kwezempi e-Iraq, kodwa uma kuziwa nesu lekusasa likawoyela wase-Iraq kubonakala sengathi bayavumelana ngayo yonke imininingwane. .
Umbiko we-Iraq Study Group (ISG) umele indlela ehlanganyelwe yizinhlangothi zombili futhi izincomo zayo zibukeka zifana kakhulu nezinqubomgomo zeRiphabhulikhi yophiko lwesokudla ezibekwe โyikusasa lephrojekthi yase-Iraqโ yoMnyango Wezwe ngaphambi kokuhlasela kuka-2003.
Isu lesikhashana
Izinjongo zesikhathi esifushane zichazwe kusincomo sama-62 esasithi โukulungisa umthetho kawoyela osalungiswa โฆ odala uhlaka lwezimali nomthetho lokutshalwa kwezimaliโ (okusho ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezinkampani zikawoyela zamazwe ngamazwe).
Iqhubeka ngokucela uhulumeni wase-US ukuthi agxambukele ekubhalweni kohlaka lomthetho wePetroleum ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi lo mthetho omusha kufanele uhlanganise ngokukhethekile izinqolobane ezinkulu zikawoyela ezitholakala eningizimu.
I-ISG igcizelela ukubaluleka kokwethulwa komthetho wePetroleum, njengesinyathelo esiyingqopha-mlando okufanele sigunyazwe yiPhalamende lase-Iraqi ngaphambi kokuqala kuka-2007.
Ngaphezu kwalokho i-ISG iyavuma ukuthi amabutho ahlala e-Iraq azohlala isikhathi eside esizayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kokugeleza kukawoyela, lapho bencoma ukuthi "amasosha ase-US kufanele asebenzisane nebutho lase-Iraq kanye nezokuphepha ezizimele [ okusho ukuthi abasebenzi bakwamanye amazwe] ukuvikela ingqalasizinda kawoyela kanye nosonkontileka.โ
Isu lesikhathi eside
Izinjongo zesikhathi eside zivezwe kusincomo 63. Igqamisa izithakazelo zesikhathi eside zase-US futhi ikhombisa ukuthi isizathu sempi yase-Iraq kwakuwukusekela ukulawulwa okugcwele kwendawo enkulu kawoyela wase-Iraq. Indawo egciniwe efakazelwe ingaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-115 zemiphongolo kawoyela futhi okungenzeka kube neminye imiphongolo eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-215 phakathi kweziphazamiso ezingama-400 ezingakahlolisiswa zesakhiwo.
I-ISG igcizelela ukuthi izithakazelo zase-US zilele ezinkampanini zikawoyela zamazwe ngamazwe ikakhulukazi izinkampani zase-US, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zinokulawula okuphelele kwemithombo kawoyela yase-Iraqi (eyesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni). Le nqubomgomo iqokonyiswe embikweni othi "i-United States kufanele ikhuthaze ukutshalwa kwezimali emkhakheni kawoyela wase-Iraq ngumphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe zamandla."
Ngakho-ke umbiko ubiza luphi uhlobo lwenkontileka kawoyela?
Umbiko uphakamisa ukuthi i-US kufanele inikeze izikhulu zase-Iraq izifanekiso zenkontileka ngaphandle kokuqamba imodeli yezinkontileka zikawoyela.
Kepha ngasikhathi sinye izincomo ezingama-63 zithi, "i-United States kufanele isize abaholi base-Iraq ukuthi bahlele kabusha imboni kawoyela kazwelonke njengebhizinisi lezentengiselwanoโฆ."
Uma sibheka lezi ziphakamiso zombili, kanye nazo zonke ezinye iziphakamiso engxenyeni ethi โUkuhlolwa Kwesimo Esikhonaโ yombiko kunikeza inkomba enkulu yokuthi lo mbiko ufuna ukuthi kuphinde kufakwe ezimele izimboni zikawoyela zase-Iraqi kodwa kusuka โumnyango ongemuvaโ futhi cishe iqondiswe ohlotsheni lwezinkontileka ezaziwa ngokuthi โIzivumelwano Zokwabelana Ngokukhiqiza noma i-PSA.โ
Ulwazi olutholakala kumfihlo egcinwe kangcono - uhlaka lomthetho kawoyela (i-hydrocarbon) - luqinisekisa ukuthi umthetho omusha kawoyela uzoncoma ukuthi i-Iraq kufanele isebenzise ama-PSA kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezinkontileka ezifana nezinkontileka zokuthenga kanye nezinkonzo.
I-PSA yethulwa yizinkampani zikawoyela ekuqaleni kwawo-1960 ukuze ithathele indawo yezinkontileka โzemvumelwanoโ eseziphelelwe yisikhathi (imodeli yasekuqaleni yekhulunyaka lamashumi amabili) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ikhombisa izintshisekelo zezinkampani zikawoyela, futhi zigcina nenzuzo yazo ngesikhathi esifanayo. izinga njengemodeli yemvume.
I-PSA ngokobuchwepheshe igcina ubunikazi obusemthethweni bezinqolobane zikawoyela ezandleni zombuso wase-Iraq ngenkathi empeleni inika amandla aphelele ezinkampanini zikawoyela.
Ngamafuphi, imodeli ye-PSA izodla abantu base-Iraqi amakhulu ezigidigidi zamadola ngenzuzo elahlekile ngenkathi ihlinzeka izinkampani zikawoyela ngenzuzo enkulu.
Ukuze uthole ukuhlaziya okuphelele kwezinkontileka ze-PSA bheka isifundo se-Platform "Imiklamo Engahluziwe: Ukuqolwa komcebo kawoyela wase-Iraqi.โ
Iziphetho:
1. Izincomo ze-ISG ngokusobala zifuna indlela engemuva yokwenziwa kabusha komcebo kawoyela wase-Iraqi ngasese, omele izintshisekelo zikahulumeni wase-US kanye nezinkampani zikawoyela zamazwe ngamazwe hhayi abantu base-Iraq.
2. Izincomo futhi zibiza izisekelo zesikhathi eside zamasosha ase-US emhlabathini wase-Iraq ukuze kuvikelwe izithakazelo zikawoyela wase-US e-Iraq.
3. IBhange Lomhlaba, abaphathi base-US kanye ne-IMF nabo bafaka yonke inhlobo yengcindezi kuhulumeni wase-Iraqi ukuthi athole umthetho omusha we-hydrocarbon ephalamende lase-Iraq ngokuhambisana nezincomo ze-ISG ngokushesha okukhulu.
4. Zonke izinkomba zikhomba ukuthi uhlaka lomthetho omusha kawoyela luhambisana nezidingo eziningi zezincomo ze-ISG.
5. Isithiyo esikhulu esibonakala sibambezela ukwethulwa kohlaka lukawoyela ephalamende ukungaboni ngaso linye phakathi kwezincomo zikahulumeni omkhulu wase-Iraqi/ISG ngakolunye uhlangothi kanye nohulumeni wesifunda samaKurd ngakolunye uhlangothi mayelana nokuchazwa kwe-athikili 111 yomthethosisekelo wase-Iraq.
6. Bobabili uHulumeni wase-Iraqi kanye ne-ISG bafuna izinguquko ku-athikili 111 ukunikeza amandla engeziwe kuhulumeni wobumbano uma kuziwa ekuthatheni izinqumo zamasu ngekusasa lomcebo kawoyela wesizwe.
Kusobala ezingqondweni zabahlaziyi abaningi ukuthi izizathu ezenza i-ISG isekele amandla engeziwe kuhulumeni omkhulu wase-Iraq ngezinqumo zamasu, wukunikeza ukufaneleka okwengeziwe kunoma yiziphi izinkontileka ezintsha ezingasayinwa phakathi kukahulumeni wobumbano kanye nezinkampani zikawoyela zamazwe ngamazwe. , uma kwenzeka lezi ziphonselwa inselelo esikhathini esizayo uhulumeni omusha wase-Iraqi enkantolo yamazwe ngamazwe.
7. Zonke izinkomba zithi uhlaka lomthetho omusha kawoyela luzoncoma ukumiswa kabusha kwe-"Iraqi National Oil Company - INOC" (eyahlakazwa uhulumeni waseBaathst emuva ngo-1987), kodwa ngamandla ambalwa kune-INOC endala. .
8. Kusezithakazelweni zabantu base-Iraqi ukuthi bangaxhamazeli kunoma yimuphi umthetho omusha wamasu kawoyela ozonquma ikusasa lomcebo wezwe phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwaleli phalamende ngenkathi i-Iraq isaphethwe futhi izwe lase-Iraq liguqe ngamadolo.
9. Kuyoba yintshisekelo yabantu base-Iraqi ukuba nomthetho kawoyela wesikhashana osungula kabusha i-INOC futhi uyinikeze amandla aphelele okuthatha izinqumo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele ivumele kuphela inkontileka yesikhashana phakathi kwe-INOC nezinkampani zikawoyela zamazwe ngamazwe ukuze inikeze usizo lobuchwepheshe ukuze kuthuthukiswe izizinda zikawoyela ezikhona, ezingakhiqiza imiphongolo efinyelela ezigidini ezingu-3.5/ngosuku - izinga elifanayo lokukhiqizwa kukawoyela 1979.
โ Januwari 7, 2007
Munir Chalabi unguMhlaziyi Wezepolitiki wase-Iraq ohlala eLondon.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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