Indlela isazi saseGibhithe kanye nomcwaningi uSamir Amin abona ngayo, akukho okuzofana nangaphambili ezweni lama-Arabhu: ukunyakaza kombhikisho kuzophonsela inselelo kokubili ukuhleleka komphakathi kwangaphakathi kwamazwe ama-Arab kanye nezindawo zabo ebhodini le-chess yezombangazwe yesifunda neyomhlaba wonke.
U-Hasane Zerrouky: Ukubona kanjani okwenzeka emazweni ama-Arab ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngemuva kokuwa kukaBen Ali eTunisia kanye nokukaHosni Mubarak e-Egypt?
Samir Amin: Akukho okuzofana nangaphambili - lokho kuqinisekile. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi ukuvukela akukhona nje ukuketula omashiqela ababusayo, kodwa kuwumbutho oqhubekayo wokubhikisha onenselelo, ngesikhathi esifanayo, kokubili izinhlangothi ezihlukahlukene zohlelo lwangaphakathi lomphakathi, ikakhulukazi ukungalingani okusobala ekwabiweni kwemali engenayo, kanye nokuhleleka kwamazwe ngamazwe, indawo yamazwe ama-Arab ohlelweni lwezomnotho lomhlaba wonke - ngamanye amazwi efuna ukuphela kokuzithoba kwabo ku-neoliberalism kanye ne-US kanye ne-NATO diktats ohlelweni lwezombangazwe lomhlaba wonke. Le nhlangano, isifiso sayo futhi kuwukwenza intando yeningi emphakathini, ifuna ubulungiswa bezenhlalakahle kanye nezwe elisha futhi (ngingathi) inqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle nezomnotho emelene nama-imperialist, ngakho-ke izohlala iminyaka - nakuba isiqiniseko sokuthi izoba nezikhathi ezinhle nezimbi zayo. , intuthuko kanye nokuhlehla — ngoba ngeke ikwazi ukuthola isixazululo sayo esikhathini esingamaviki noma ngisho nezinyanga.
Uyamangala yini ukuthi izibhelu zenziwe, cha, ziqhutshwa abadlali abasha, ikakhulukazi abantu abasha?
Cha. Kuhle kakhulu. Izizukulwane ezintsha ziphinde zaba nepolitiki futhi. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Egypt intsha inepolitiki kakhulu. Intsha inendlela yayo, ngaphandle kwamaqembu aphikisayo endabuko, e-Egypt, okungamaqembu ahambisana nesiko likaMarx. Kodwa ukuvuka kwabo kwezombusazwe akuphambene nalawo maqembu. Ngingakutshela ukuthi, njengamanje, kukhona ukuzwelana okujulile, okuzenzakalelayo phakathi kwentsha kanye namaqembu e-radical Marxist Left, okusho ukuthi amaqembu aphuma enkambisweni yezenhlalakahle neyobukhomanisi.
Nithi lokhu ukunyakaza okuhlala njalo, kodwa, uma sithatha i-Egypt njengesibonelo, ingabe abukho ubungozi bokuthi uguquko luzodunwa amabutho aqinile?
Impela ziningi izingozi, okuhlanganisa, esikhathini esifushane kuya esimaphakathi, ubungozi bokuthi i-reactual, enye indlela yama-Islamist ingase ibe khona. Lokho, ngendlela, uhlelo lwase-US, ngeshwa lusekelwa yiYurophu futhi, okungenani kuze kufike eGibhithe. Uhlelo ukusungula umfelandawonye phakathi kwamabutho aseGibhithe aphikisanayo kanye neMuslim Brotherhood; lokho ngaphezu kwalokho kuwumbimbi olwesekwa ngabasekeli beWashington esifundeni, eholwa yiSaudi Arabia - esekelwa ngisho nayi-Israel. Ngakho-ke, ingabe izophumelela? Kungenzeka ukuthi izosebenza esikhathini esimaphakathi, kodwa ngeke inikeze noma yisiphi isixazululo ezinkingeni zabantu baseGibhithe. Ngakho-ke, umbutho wokubhikisha, umzabalazo, uzoqhubeka futhi ukhulise. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi abazalwane bamaSulumane ngokwabo basenkingeni. . . .
Lo mbuzo uhlobene nalokho osanda kukusho: ucabangani ngokwenzeka eSyria, okokuqala, lapho umbuso kaBashar al-Assad usanda kugunyaza uhlelo lwamaqembu amaningi, ngethemba lokubuyisela ukuthula?
Isimo saseSyria sinzima kakhulu. Umbuso we-Ba'ath, owawujabulela ukuba semthethweni isikhathi eside, awuseyona into owawuyiyo nhlobo: usuya ngokuya ngokuzimela, uya ngokuya waba umbuso wamaphoyisa, futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, empeleni, wenza ukuvunyelwa okukhulu kwenkululeko yezomnotho. Angikholwa ukuthi lo mbuso ungashintsha ube umbuso wentando yeningi. Namuhla, kuyaphoqeleka ukuthi yenze isivumelwano, okuyinto enhle, njengoba ukungenelela kwamanye amazwe afana nalokho okwenziwa eLibya - ngenhlanhla lokho akunakwenzeka endabeni yaseSyria - kungaba enye inhlekelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kuqhathaniswa neGibhithe neTunisia, ubuthakathaka eSyria ukuthi ukunyakaza kombhikisho kuyisikhwama esixubile kakhulu. Abaningi - nakuba ngingafuni ukwenza nje - abanalo ngisho uhlelo lwezepolitiki ngaphandle kokubhikisha, abangahlanganisi ubushiqela bombuso wezepolitiki kanye nokukhetha kwawo kwenqubomgomo yezomnotho ekhululekile.
Awukwesabi yini ukuvela eSyria uma kubhekwa ingozi yokungqubuzana kwamahlelo phakathi kwamaSunni ngakolunye uhlangothi no-Alawis, Druzes, kanye namaKrestu ngakolunye uhlangothi?
Ikhona leyo ngozi. Ukubangela ukuthi amazwe aseMpumalanga Ephakathi angenele kuwuhlelo lwe-US ne-Israel. Kodwa lokho ngeke kube lula ngoba umuzwa kazwelonke uyisici esinamandla eSyria, esikhona kuzo zonke izinhlangano eziphonsa inselelo kuhulumeni namuhla, naphezu kokungaboni ngaso linye okuqhubekayo phakathi kwabo.
Kuthiwani nge-Yemen, umfelandawonye wase-US?
I-United States yeseka umbuso ka-Ali Abdullah Saleh. Isizathu ukwesaba kwayo abantu baseYemini, ikakhulukazi abantu baseningizimu yeYemen. I-Southern Yemen yake yaba nombuso we-Marxist othuthukayo, ejabulela ukuba semthethweni kanye nokusekelwa okudumile okunamandla, amabutho manje abambe iqhaza elikhulu emzabalazweni wokubhikisha. Ngakho-ke iWashington nabalingani bayo besaba ukuhlukana kwezwe okuholela ekumisweni kabusha kombuso oqhubekayo eNingizimu Yemen. Kungakho umbuso waseYemeni, ngemvume yaseMelika, uvumela i-Al Qaeda - okuyithuluzi elisetshenziswa kakhulu yi-United States - ukuthi ithathe amadolobha aseningizimu, ifisa ukufaka ukwesaba ezinhliziyweni zezinhlaka ezithuthukayo, ukuze abenze bamukele amandla kaSaleh.
Ngokuphathelene nesimo saseLibya, ikuphi ubungozi bokuboshwa?
Isimo sibuhlungu, sihluke kakhulu kuleso sase-Egypt naseTunisia. Alukho uhlangothi lwaseLibya olungcono kunolunye. Umongameli weTransitional National Council (TNC) - uMustafa Abdel-Jalil - ungumuntu wentando yeningi onelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi: ubeyijaji elagweba abahlengikazi baseBulgaria intambo ngaphambi kokukhushulelwa esikhundleni sokuba nguNgqongqoshe Wezobulungiswa nguGaddafi. I-TNC iyinqwaba yamandla anamandla amakhulu. Ngokuqondene ne-United States, akuwona uwoyela abawulandelayo - sebenawo lokho. Inhloso yabo ukufaka iLibya ngaphansi kwesandla sabo sokuqeqesha ukuze kusungulwe i-Africom (umyalo wezempi wase-US e-Afrika) - manje esizinze eStuttgart eJalimane, njengoba amazwe ase-Afrika, noma ngabe ucabangani ngawo, akuchithile ukusungulwa kwawo e-Afrika. - ezweni. Mayelana nengozi yokuhlukaniswa kweLibya ibe yizifunda ezimbili noma ezintathu, iWashington ingakhetha kahle ifomula yase-Iraqi, okungukuthi, ukugcinwa kobumbano olusemthethweni ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwezempi yaseNtshonalanga.
Ingxoxo yokuqala "U-Samir Amin "Yi-Mouvement qui va durer des mois et des années" ishicilelwe ku L'Humanité ngomhlaka-1 Agasti 2011. Ukuhunyushwa ngu Yoshie Furuhashi.
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