Izinkampani ezenza imithi zisebenzisa abantu bomhlaba wesithathu ukwenza ucwaningo olungavunyelwe emazweni azo.
U-Fabrizio no-Jordano, izingane ezimbili kwezingu-140 zasePeru ezisetshenziswe ekuhloleni izinto ezithathwe zerayisi elisetshenziswe ngofuzo yinkampani i-Ventria Biosciences bethule izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ngokwezitatimende ezenziwe ephephandabeni lasePeru i-La Republica langomhla zingama-20 kuJulayi.
Ngokusho kobufakazi bukaDiana Canessa Garaya, umama oneminyaka engu-24 ubudala, wathatha ingane yakhe enezinyanga ezingu-8 ubudala esibhedlela Sezingane eLima ngonyaka odlule enezimpawu zohudo olunzima. Udokotela othile wathembisa ukumnika โuketshezi lokubuyisela amanzi emanzini olusekelwe elayisiโ okwavuma lona wesifazane osemusha, njengoba ayengenasizathu sokungabathembi โabaphathi bezokwelaphaโ futhi wayefuna ukululama ngokushesha kwengane yakhe okuwukuphela kwayo. Ngakho, ngaphandle kokuqonda ngempela imiphumela engase ibe nayo, wasayina ukugunyazwa ababekucela kuye ukuze bakwazi ukunikeza umuthi.
U-Diana wayengazi ngaleso sikhathi ukuthi indodana yakhe, manje eneminyaka emibili ubudala, isiphenduke into yokuhlolwa, okungavunyelwe e-United States, yinkampani yase-US biotechnology enezinto ezingavunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomhlaba.
Ngemva kokunikezwa uketshezi, ngokusho kukamama, ingane yaqala ukubonisa izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba futhi okwamanje โithambile, ihlale ingaphilanga futhi ayizwani nakho konkeโ. Uyanezela, โbangikhohlisile, babefuna nje ukuhlola ingane yami.โ
Njengoba manje ilahlwa yizinhlangano ezihlukahlukene zamalungelo abantu zasePeruvia nezamazwe ngamazwe, izinhlangano zezemvelo kanye nabathengi kanye nePeruvian Medical Association, ucwaningo lwaluhlanganisa ukunikeza iqembu lezingane ezihudo uketshezi lokubuyisela amanzi emanzini olusekelwe elayisi olunamaprotheni aphinde ahlanganiswe (1) i-lactoferrin kanye i-lisozyme ekhiqizwa e-United States erayisini elishintshwe izakhi zofuzo zokwenziwa zomuntu. (Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe bheka isihloko esithi โBabies as guineapigsโ eshicilelwe ngomhlaka-1 Julayi ku-La Jornada yaseMexico).
Amathuba ezidakamizwa ezihlanganisiwe ezikhiqizwa ezitshalweni ezishintshwe izakhi ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba ncamashi enye yezingozi lapho izinhlangano ezihlukahlukene zase-US, kuhlanganise neSikhungo Sokuphepha Kokudla, zazise iziphathimandla zezwe labo lapho i-Ventria ifuna imvume yokukhulisa lolu hlobo lwerayisi eCalifornia.
Ngokombiko walokhu kanye nezinye izinhlangano, ezisekelwe ezikhonjweni eziningi zesayensi, amaprotheni aphinde ahlanganiswe - atholakala ezintweni eziphilayo eziguqulwe ngofuzo - awafani nalawo akhiqizwa ngokwemvelo. Umehluko ungaba ocashile kangangokuthi kube nzima ukuwubona ngisho naselabhorethri. Kodwa-ke, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni siyazwela ngempela kulo mehluko futhi singakhiqiza ama-anti-body okuthi kwezinye izimo kubangele ukusabela okungapheli kokunye ukudla okuningi nezinto ngaphambili isiguli ebesingaguliswanga nazo.
Ephendula imibuzo evela ku-Peru's Human Rights Association, uMqondisi we-Specialist Children's Health Institute, uDkt. Dante Figueroa Quintanilla, omunye wabantu ababenomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlola, waphikisa, phakathi kokunye, ukuthi โemithini yesimanje kusetshenziswa amaprotheni aphinde ahlanganiswe. ngokusemthethweni ukuthuthukisa impilo yabantu, ngokwesibonelo i-insulin, i-hormone yokukhula, i-clotting factor kanye ne-hematopoyetics.
Ngokuqondile kuzo zonke izimo ezishiwo nguFigueroa Quintanilla kuye kwaba nezinkinga zohlobo oluthile noma olunye, kodwa njengoba kuvamile kakade endabeni yezinto eziphilayo eziguquliwe, imboni enamandla ye-biotechnology iye yasebenza ukuze icindezele futhi igcine ingaziwa kancane. Akunakuzaba ukuthi umqondisi wesibhedlela owanikeza isivumelwano sakhe sokuchaya izingane ekuhloleni amaprotheni ayinhlanganisela yezakhi zamaprotheni wayengazi noma, okubi nakakhulu, wahluleka ukuzicabangela.
Isibonelo, i-recombinant insulin, esinye sezibonelo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu abagqugquzeli bezinto eziphilayo ezishintshwe izakhi ukuze babonise izinzuzo ezisolwayo zale mikhiqizo, iza nomlando wokufihlwa nokuhlanekezela mayelana nemiphumela yayo elimazayo. Ngo-1999 iBritish Diabetics Association yenza kwaziwa umbiko obanzi - eyayiwufihlile iminyaka eminingana ngenxa "yeminikelo" eyayithola ezinkampanini ezikhiqiza imithi kanye nabakhiqizi bezinto ezinoshukela nazo eziqukethe imikhiqizo eguqulwe ngofuzo - ngokusho kwayo eyayithole izikhalo kubo. cishe u-10% wamalungu alo (cishe abantu abayi-15,000) ahlobene ngokuqondile noshintsho ukusuka ku-insulin yezilwane ukuya ku-insulin eguqulwe ngofuzo.
Umonakalo obikiwe wawusukela ekungaphatheki kahle ekukhanyeni kuya ekungabibikho kwezimpawu ezikhombisa ukukoma kwesifo sikashukela, okuyinto embi kakhulu ngoba ingabangela ukufa kwesiguli uma zingekho izinyathelo ezithathwayo zokusivimba. Okunye okubhaliwe ukukhiqizwa kwamasosha omzimba esimweni sokusetshenziswa kwezici zokujiya kanye nama-hormone okukhula. Esimeni esithile esithile (MGDF) umkhiqizo wahoxiswa ekuhlolweni komtholampilo ngoba ukwakheka kwamasosha omzimba kubangele ukopha. Kwezinye izimo imikhiqizo iyaqhubeka nokusakazwa naphezu kwemiphumela eyaziwayo elimazayo, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuthi izinkampani ziyayifihla noma ziyinciphise, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuthi ezinye izindlela zikhishwa emakethe noma ngenxa yokuthi imikhiqizo ibalwa neqembu elinamandla lokuvikela iqiniso ukuze laziwe futhi lifanele. izinyathelo ezithathwayo.
Njengasemikhiqizweni yezolimo eshintshwa ngofuzo, imikhiqizo eguqulwe izakhi zofuzo ukuze isetshenziswe ekhemisi inomlando ofihlekile, okuthi uma idalulwa ngokugcwele, ithethelele ukususwa kwayo emakethe.
Endabeni ye-Ventria yasePeru, kubukeka sengathi bakulungele ukulandela indlela edabukisayo egqokwe kahle yezinkampani eziningi ezithaka imithi futhi basebenzise abantu bomhlaba wesithathu ukwenza ucwaningo olungavunyelwe ezweni labo.
Kuhunyushwe isuka kuSpanishi yayiswa esiNgisini ngu-toni solo, ilungu leTlaxcala (www.tlaxcala.es), inethiwekhi yabahumushi yokuhlukahluka kwezilimi. Lokhu kuhumusha kuyi-Copyleft.
Inothi lomhumushi
1. I-Recombinant DNA (ngezinye izikhathi i-rDNA) iwukulandelana kwe-DNA yokwenziwa okuvela ekuhlanganisweni kokunye ukulandelana kwe-DNA okubili ku-plasmid. Ama-recombinant proteins angamaprotheni akhiqizwa izinto eziphilayo eziguqulwe izakhi zofuzo ezihlukene ngemva kokufakwa kwe-DNA efanele ku-genome yazo. Njengoba lokhu kuhlanganisa kabusha i-DNA yezinto eziphilayo ezimbili ezihlukene, igama elithi recombinant lisetshenziselwa ukubhekisela kule nqubo. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombinant)
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