Umthombo: Isikhungo Socwaningo Lwezomnotho Nenqubomgomo
Kuyathandwa ngabantu, ikakhulukazi abantu abanjengosomnotho, ukuthi bathi ubuchwepheshe buye baba nomthelela omkhulu wokwanda kokungalingani kule minyaka engamashumi amane edlule. Lo mbono ulungele kakhulu labo abasohlangothini oluwinayo lwesigaba sokungalingani, njengoba kusho ukuthi ukukhula kokungalingani bekuyinqubo yemvelo engazimele kunqubomgomo kahulumeni. Ukungalingani kungase kube umphumela ongemuhle, kodwa ubani ongaphikisana nokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe?
Noma ngabe ilula kangakanani indaba yokungalingani kobuchwepheshe, iwela ngisho nasekuhloleni okulula kakhulu kokunengqondo kwayo. Ukwenza isibonelo esivame ukusetshenziswa, kunokukhathazeka kokuthi ukuxosha abasebenzi ngamarobhothi kuzoholela ekudlulisweni kwemali engenayo evela kubasebenzi iye kubantu abangabanikazi bamarobhothi.
Nakuba lawa mazwana evame ukuthathwa njengokwethula inkinga eyisisekelo edalwe ubuchwepheshe, empeleni enza okuphambene kakhulu. "Ubunikazi" berobhothi akubona ubudlelwano bezobuchwepheshe, busemthethweni, ngakho-ke obuncike emithethweni yethu.
Ukuze ube nokhonkolo ngokwengeziwe, imali engenayo yokuba nerobhothi ayiwona umphumela wokuba nerobhothi elibonakalayo. Amarobhothi ngokuvamile azobiza kancane ukuwakhiqiza. Ngakho-ke abantu ngeke bathole imali enkulu ngokuba nensimbi nezinye izingxenye zerobhothi. Isizathu sokuthi abanye abantu bacebe kakhulu ngokuba namarobhothi kungenxa yokuthi banamalungelo obunikazi namalungelo okushicilela adingekayo ekwenzeni amarobhothi. Ngaphandle kwalezi zimo zobunikazi kanye ne-copyright, amarobhothi abengaba eshibhile, njengemishini yokuwasha, futhi bekungeke kube khona ukusabalalisa kabusha okuphezulu okuhlobene nakho.
Umhlaba Ongenalo Ilungelo Lobunikazi kanye Nokuqoqwa Kwelungelo Lobunikazi
Uma kungabonakali vele, ukugunyazwa kwelungelo lobunikazi kanye ne-copyright kungamathuluzi enqubomgomo yomphakathi, hhayi izenzo zikaNkulunkulu. Singawenza abe namandla futhi abe made uma sifuna, noma abe mafushane futhi abe buthaka, noma singabi nawo nhlobo. Ukuphathwa kwalezi zimonopoli kumthethosisekelo kuyisiqalo esihle kakhulu sokuqonda okucacile kwezindaba.
Amalungelo obunikazi namalungelo okushicilela avela njengamandla akhethekile anikezwe iCongress (I-athikili I, Isigaba 8, Isigaba somthetho 8). Isigaba somthetho sithi uKhongolose unamandla:
"Ukuphromotha Inqubekelaphambili Yesayensi Nobuciko obuwusizo, ngokuthola Izikhathi Ezilinganiselwe Kubabhali Nabasunguli Ilungelo Elikhethekile Lemibhalo Yabo Ebhaliwe Nokutholwayo."
Qaphela ukuthi lokhu ngamandla anikezwe iCongress ngokusobala engawasebenzisa noma angawasebenzisi, njengamandla okukhokhisa intela noma amandla okumemezela impi. Amalungelo obunikazi namalungelo okukopisha akuqinisekisiwe njengamalungelo omuntu ngamunye, njengelungelo lokukhuluma ngokukhululekile noma lenkolo.
Amalungelo obunikazi namalungelo okushicilela nawo ahlanganiswe ngokusobala nenjongo yomphakathi yokuthuthukisa โinqubekelaphambili yesayensi nobuciko obuwusizo.โ Kukhona amadigri angu-180 aphikisana nombono wokuthi umuntu unelungelo lemvelo lokuthola ilungelo lobunikazi noma ilungelo lobunikazi.
Noma kunjalo, ake sicabange ukuthi iCongress ikhetha ukuqeda ilungelo lobunikazi kanye ne-copyright monopolies kusasa. Kodwa, sisenabo bonke ubuchwepheshe obukhona namuhla, obufana namakhompyutha, ama-smartphone, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa nokunye. Kulo mhlaba, kungase kube nesidingo esincane sabantu abanamakhono njengonjiniyela be-software, ochwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo, noma amakhono kwezinye izindawo ezihlobene ne-STEM ezaziswa kakhulu emnothweni wamanje. (Sizothatha ngokuthi alukho ucwaningo oluxhaswe nguhulumeni okwamanje.)
Phela, kungani inkampani yezidakamizwa ikhokha imali enkulu kubantu ukuze benze imithi emisha uma imithi ingakopishwa futhi idayiswe izimbangi kusukela ngosuku ingena ngalo emakethe? Kungaba okufanayo nakubathuthukisi be-software, abenzi bemishini yezokwelapha, abakhiqizi bamakhompiyutha, izinkampani zama-smartphone, nanoma yimuphi omunye umkhiqizo lapho izindleko zocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa bekuyingxenye enkulu yentengo yomkhiqizo.
Ukuphela kwelungelo lobunikazi nokuvikelwa kwelungelo lobunikazi kuzothumela ngokusobala isidingo salaba bantu abanamakhono aphezulu phansi. Uma sikholelwa ezimakethe, khona-ke ukwehla kwesidingo kufanele futhi kuthumele amaholo abantu abanekolishi namadigri athuthukile kwezesayensi, ubunjiniyela, nezinye izindawo ze-STEM phansi.
Ngendlela efanayo, amaholo angempela abantu abangaqashiwe kule mikhakha kufanele eqe. Uma kungekho amalungelo obunikazi noma ukuvikeleka okuhlobene emithini kadokotela, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa imali ecela ku-$500 wezigidigidi kulo nyaka, cishe sizosebenzisa ngaphansi kuka-$100 wezigidigidi. Ngisho nemithi ebiza kakhulu ingase idayiswe kuphela amakhulu amadola ngencwadi kadokotela yonyaka. Ukongiwa kwezigidigidi ezingama-400 zamaRandi ngonyaka, kuzofinyelela ku-$3,000 umndeni ngamunye. Singase songe omunye u-$100 kuya ku-$150 wezigidigidi ngonyaka (cishe, omunye u-$1,000 umndeni ngamunye) emishinini yezokwelapha, efana nemishini yokuhlanza izinso, ama-MRIs, kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinye izisetshenziswa zezokwelapha ezingase zishibhile.
Kungaba nendaba efanayo ngezinto ezifana namafoni ahlakaniphile namakhompyutha. I-iPhone entsha kakhulu ingathengiswa ngo-$100 noma ngaphansi. Kungaba okufanayo ngamakhompuyutha asezingeni eliphezulu angase adayiswe ngaphezu kuka-$1,000 namuhla, ngenxa yelungelo lobunikazi nokuvikelwa kwelungelo lobunikazi. Futhi, vele yonke imidlalo yethelevishini, amamuvi, imidlalo yevidiyo, nezinye izinto ezinelungelo lobunikazi, abantu abazikhokhayo manje izamba ezinkulu, zizotholakala mahhala.
Lokhu kongiwa kungakhuphula kakhulu iholo langempela labasebenzi ngaphandle kwamakhono akhethekile ezindaweni ezihlobene ne-STEM. Cishe besizobona indaba lapho abasebenzi bebona izinzuzo zenzuzo yomnotho ekukhiqizeni, njengoba bekuyiqiniso kuze kube ngu-1979. Kulo mhlaba, ngeke kudingeke sikhathazeke ngemali engenayo evela kubasebenzi iye kubantu abangabanikazi. amarobhothi, njengoba bekungeke kube nenzuzo enkulu ikakhulukazi kubantu abangabanikazi bamarobhothi, njengoba nje nabenzi bemishini yokuwasha bengenzi inzuzo enkulu ngokukhethekile.
Ukuqedwa ngokuphelele kwamalungelo obunikazi kanye namalungelo okukopisha kuyisimo esibi kakhulu, kodwa inketho yenqubomgomo engenzeka. Uma ngabe sikhethe le nketho yenqubomgomo, besizoba nokusabalalisa okulinganayo okuningi kwemali engenayo, naphezu kokuba nobuchwepheshe obufanayo. Ngamafuphi, iqiniso lokuthi kube nokwanda okukhulu kokungalingani okuhlobene nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe eminyakeni engamashumi amane edlule kwaba umphumela wokukhetha inqubomgomo, hhayi ubuchwepheshe.
Izinqumo Zenqubomgomo Ekuphromothweni Okusha kanye Nomsebenzi Wokudala
Uma sivuma isimo esibucayi, lapho singenakho ngempela ukuvikelwa kwelungelo lobunikazi noma i-copyright, kufanele sazi ukuthi akukho lutho olungokwemvelo kubuchwepheshe bethu olungadala ukungalingani. Yimithetho yethu yobuchwepheshe ngokuphelele engabangela ukungalingani kukhule.
Ngokuyisisekelo, amandla nobude belungelo lobunikazi kanye nokuvikelwa kwelungelo lobunikazi, nezinye izinhlobo zokweseka ukuqamba izinto ezintsha nomsebenzi wokudala kungacatshangwa njengokufana nempompi, esingajika phezulu noma phansi. Njengodaba olungokoqobo, sikhethe ukuphakamisa isimpompi sibe phezulu kakhulu kule minyaka engamashumi amane edlule.
Selule ubude bakho kokubili ukuvikelwa kwelungelo lobunikazi kanye ne-copyright ngokuphindaphindiwe ngalesi sikhathi. Ngokumangalisayo, sesinwebe nobude bokuvikelwa kwe-copyright ngokubuyisela emuva, njengokungathi kunengqondo ukunikeza othile ukukhuthaza ngezenzo esikhathini eside esidlule.
Siphinde sandisa ububanzi bakho kokubili amalungelo obunikazi kanye namalungelo okushicilela. Endabeni yamalungelo obunikazi, siye savumela lezi zimonopoli ukuthi zisebenze ezindaweni ezintsha, njengezindlela zempilo, isofthiwe, nezindlela zebhizinisi. Amalungelo obunikazi nawo asetshenziswa ku-inthanethi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, sinamathisele umonakalo oyisijeziso onzima kakhulu ekwephulwani kwe-copyright okungadlula umonakalo wangempela ngama-oda amaningi wobukhulu. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwabo. Isibonelo, izinkokhelo zengoma ngayinye ziyasebenza kahle ngaphansi kwesenti elingu-1 ngokudlala ngakunye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngisho nomuntu owenze amakhophi amakhulu, athi ukudlulisa amakhophi angu-10,000, uzobophezeleka ngomonakalo wangempela ongaphansi kuka-$100. Akekho ongazihlupha ngokulandela icala lapho eme khona ukuze azuze ngaphansi kuka-$100, uma ewina.
Nokho, umthetho uvumela umonakalo oyisijeziso ongafinyelela emashumini ezinkulungwane zamaRandi ezimweni ezinjalo. Ukuthi lokhu kuyinqubomgomo enhle noma cha kungaphikiswana ngakho, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi isijeziso esinonya esihlobene nokwephulwa kwe-copyright is inqubomgomo, ayinakuphikisana. Le nqubomgomo ihlinzeka ngosekelo lwezinhlobo eziningi zezimboni, okuhlanganisa amamuvi nomabonakude, amaphephandaba, nemidlalo yevidiyo, ngaphezu komculo orekhodiwe.
Inqubomgomo Yezobuchwepheshe, hhayi Ubuchwepheshe Idala Ukungalingani
Kuyoba igxathu elikhulu eliya phambili lapho singathola osomnotho nabanye ukuba bahileleke ezingxoxweni zokungalingani ukuthi inqubomgomo yethu yezobuchwepheshe eqhuba ukungalingani, hhayi ubuchwepheshe uqobo. Lokho kuzoqeda ingxabano yama-strawman, yokuthi abahluliwe emnothweni wesimanje bahlulekile ngandlela thize ukuzivumelanisa nobuchwepheshe, futhi kuvule umnyango wengxoxo ebucayi kakhulu yenqubomgomo yezobuchwepheshe.
Njengoba kunje, izinguquko kunqubomgomo yezobuchwepheshe zenzeke kakhulu ezindaweni ezimnyama ezikude nomphakathi, nakuba inani lemali esengozini liphazamisa inani okukhulunywa ngalo ngezinhlelo eziyimibango njengezitembu zokudla kanye ne-TANF. Kufanele kube nenkulumompikiswano yomphakathi mayelana kokubili ukuthi sifuna kuqine kangakanani ukuvikelwa kwelungelo lobunikazi kanye ne-copyright nokuthi kuhlale kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthuthukisa ukuqanjwa kabusha nomsebenzi wokudala, ngokuphambene nezinye izindlela ezifana nokuxhasa umphakathi ngqo (bona Iboshwe, isahluko 5 [kumahhala].)
Futhi, ingxenye ebalulekile yaleyo mpikiswano kufanele kube umthelela walezi zivikelo ekungalinganini. Akucaci ukuthi kudingeka sizidele ngezinga lentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ukuze sinciphise ukungalingani, kodwa kungaba okunengqondo ukubuza ukuthi ukuzidela okunjalo kuwufanele yini ukwenzelwa. Kodwa-ke, ukuphakamisa imibuzo enjalo akunakwenzeka kuze kube yilapho sikhuluma ngempahla yengqondo ngendlela eqotho, into engakaze yenzeke kuze kube manje ezingxoxweni zenqubomgomo yomphakathi.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela