Ngesikhathi esohambweni lwakhe lwezincwadi lwaseNyakatho California, uDavid Barsamian ukhulume noFoaad Khosmood ngohambo lwakhe lwango-2007 lokuya e-Iran kanye nencwadi yakhe yakamuva ethi Targeting Iran. Le ncwadi inezingxoxo noNoam Chomsky, Ervand Abrahamian kanye noNahid Mozaffari. Izingcaphuno ezimbili ezimfushane zale ncwadi zenziwe kabusha ekupheleni kwengxoxo ngemvume yabanyathelisi.
Foaad Khosmood: Sitshele ngohambo lwakho oluya e-Iran. Kungani uye? Yini obunethemba lokuyifeza futhi wayenza?
UDavid Barsamian: Ngangise-Iran amasonto amabili. Empeleni bengihambele umcimbi wokugubha iminyaka engu-25 wefestiveli yamafilimu yamazwe ngamazwe i-Fajr. Futhi ngahlangana namanye amaqhawe ami ase-Iranian lapho, njengoMajid Majidi, Jafar Panahi, Bahman Ghobadi nabanye abenzi bamafilimu. Ngangijabule kakhulu ngokuba lapho. Njengoba wazi i-Iran inenye yezimboni zamafilimu ezithuthuke kakhulu futhi ezithuthuke kakhulu emhlabeni. Bengihlela nokushicilela incwadi yami ethi, Targeting Iran futhi ngezwa ngokuba kwami lapho kuzonikeza ukwethembeka nomsebenzi ubuqiniso uma ngikwazi ukubika izigameko zofakazi bokuzibonela.
FKh: Ukhulume nobani?
DB: Ngakhuluma nazo zonke izinhlobo zabantu. Ngibambe izingxoxo namaSulumane, abantu abasekela umbuso e-Iran. Umbono wabo wawuwukuthi babeqinisekisiwe. Niyakhumbula ngishilo enkulumweni yami, ukuthi bamxwayisile uKhatami ukuthi angabhekani namaMelika futhi uzophoxeka futhi athukwe.
Bengifuna ukukhuluma nabafundi. I-Iran iyizwe elincane kakhulu. Inabantu abayizigidi ezingama-70 abanezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zabantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-30. Lokho kusho ukuthi abamkhumbuli uShah. Abakhumbuli uguquko lwamaSulumane lwango-1979. U-65% wabafundi emakolishi nasemanyuvesi ngabesifazane. Abesifazane basebenza kakhulu kwezombusazwe, amasiko kanye nezenhlalo e-Iran.
FKh: Uxhumane kanjani nama-Islamist kanye nezibalo zokusungulwa?
DB: Bekungenzima. Babegcwele yonke indawo. Abaningi babo bebesemkhosini wamafilimu we-Fajr, empeleni. Ngiphinde ngahlangana nohlelo olusha lwabezindaba oluqalwe nguhulumeni olubizwa nge-“PRESS TV,” bezama ukuveza imibono yase-Iran kubabukeli abaningi.
FKh: Ingabe lokhu kufana ne-Al-Jazeera yase-Iran?
DB: Yebo, ngaphandle kokuthi akuthakazelisi futhi akwenziwanga kahle njenge-Al Jazeera. Lokho kungenzeka ngoba kusha futhi basazithola izinyawo zabo. Iba semoyeni izinyanga eziyisi-6 kuphela. I-Al Jazeera inomlando omude kakhulu kanye nenethiwekhi ebanzi yabalandeli kuwo wonke umhlaba wama-Arab.
FKh: Yini esencwadini yakho entsha? Yini ongabelana nathi ngalokho?
DB: Ibhuku, Iqondise i-Iran iqukethe indaba engiyibhalile. Ithinta ukubaluleka komlando wase-Iranian, izikhathi ezedlule nezamanje, ezibalulekile ebudlelwaneni base-US-Iranian.
Le ncwadi ibhalelwe abantu baseMelika ngokuyinhloko. Inezahluko ezi-3, esisodwa esinoNoam Chomsky onguprofesa odumile we-MIT kanye nomphikisi ohamba phambili waseMelika. UChomsky ukhuluma ngobudlelwano base-US ne-Iran. Uthi isibonelo nje i-Iran inelungelo lokunothisa i-Uranium, into okungakhulunywa ngayo kaningi. Ubuye akhulume ngokuketulwa kuka-Mohammad Mussadegh ngo-1953 yi-CIA, kwacekela phansi intando yeningi e-Iran futhi ekugcineni kwaholela ezenzakalweni zango-1979, 1980.
Esinye isahluko siqukethe u-Ervand Abrahamian onguprofesa womlando eCity University of New York. Uthathwa abaningi njengesazi esihamba phambili e-Iran. Ukhuluma ngesakhiwo sangaphakathi sepolitiki sase-Iran esingajwayelekile kakhulu. Iningi labantu baseMelika alilazi nhlobo iqiniso, ukuthi ngokwesibonelo, uMongameli wezwe akayena umholi ophakeme; ukuthi yena ngokwakhe uphendula egunyeni eliphakeme, abalibiza ngokuthi “rahbar.”
Umholi ophakeme uphendula iqembu labefundisi elimkhethayo. Ngakho ekugcineni, u-Ahmadinejad, okuyiqiniso, oyisitha se-United States, kufanele aphendule kumholi ophakeme. U-Abrahamian ukhuluma ngalezo zici zesakhiwo sangaphakathi sase-Iranian kanye nohlaka.
Isahluko sokugcina siqukethe uNahid Mozaffari, owesifazane wase-Iran ohlakaniphile ozinze eNew York manje okhuluma ngezimpumelelo ezinhle zamasiko zase-Iran, hhayi nje ngokomlando kodwa namasiko esimanje.
Ukhuluma ngezimbongi ezinjengo-Ahmad Shamlu, isibonelo, okwathi lapho efa eminyakeni embalwa edlule, abantu base-Irani abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyikhulu bafika bazomdumisa. Lapho ngivakashela indawo yakhe yokuphumula eKaraj, ngabona izimbali eziningi ezintsha ezazibekwe ethuneni lakhe, okubonisa ukuthi abantu abaningi basaqhubeka nokuya lapho ukuze bahloniphe inkumbulo yakhe.
Ubuye akhulume ngembongi ebalulekile yase-Iranian elwela amalungelo abantu besifazane, uForough Farrokhzad, owashona engozini yemoto eminyakeni ethile edlule kodwa usenethonya elikhulu kakhulu e-Iran.
Lezo zinhlobo zezinto, ukuhlangana kokumelana namasiko, ubuciko, izinkondlo, izincwadi, ifilimu, zonke lezi zici…. noma ngabe i-Iran ibingaphansi kombuso wamaSulumane kusukela ngo-1979, ngokwesiko ikhiqiza umsebenzi ogqamile, ocebile nohlukahlukene engikholelwa ukuthi kufanele siwunake.
FKh: Yiziphi izimo zengqondo owahlangabezana nazo nge-United States e-Iran?
DB: Yebo, kuxubile. Ama-Islamist, yiqiniso, aphikisana kakhulu nezinqubomgomo zase-US. Kodwa kulo lonke leli bhodi, ngithole ukuthi ama-Irani, cishe ngaphandle kokukhetha, afuna ukuba nobudlelwano bezokuxhumana ne-United States, afuna ukuba nobudlelwano obujwayelekile bezohwebo namasiko ne-United States.
Isiko laseMelika lisabonakala lidume kakhulu e-Iran. Uma umuntu ehla ngomgwaqo u-Valiasr eTehran, uma lokho kuyinkomba, imigwaqo yaseceleni imbozwe ngokuphelele ama-DVD amamuvi nezincwadi zakamuva zaseHollywood nama-CD omculo waseMelika.
Ngakho-ke leso sici sesiko laseMelika sisenamandla kakhulu e-Iran. Yebo awuluboni lolu hlobo lwento obala e-Ghom, inhloko-dolobha yezenkolo yase-Iran, kodwa ubani owaziyo ukuthi kwenzekani ngemuva kwe-chador, uyazi?
Ngahlangana nentsha eningi. Ngaya emaNyuvesi amaningi. Ngangilapho ngemva kwesigameko lapho u-Ahmadinejad e-Amir Kabir University. Lokho kwakungoDecember. Kodwa muva nje e-Daneshgah Tehran (Tehran University), akakwazanga ukuphuma emotweni yakhe. Washaywa ngamazwi. Kwakunezimpawu ezithi “awamukelekile.” Ngikhumbula uphawu olulodwa olwaluthi “UMongameli WobuFascist wase-Iran akamukelekile eNyuvesi,” noma amazwi asho lokho.
Ngicabanga ukuthi okuningi kwakho kuhlobene nesimo somnotho esingesihle ngaphakathi ezweni. Kunokuntuleka kwemisebenzi okukhulu. U-Ahmadinejad wakhethwa ngo-2005 endaweni yokuthuthukisa izimpilo zansuku zonke zabantu base-Irani abavamile, uyazi, ukubahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo nezinsiza ezengeziwe. Lokho akwenzekanga ngempela futhi ukuphendukela kwakhe emazweni angaphandle, ngicabanga ukuthi, kumenze wangathandwa kakhulu ezweni namuhla.
Ngahlangana nabanye abafundi eNyuvesi abathi asizidingi izingqungquthela zokuQothulwa Kwesizwe, sidinga imisebenzi. Ubebhekise engqungqutheleni eyaba nomthelela omubi futhi eyalimaza isithunzi se-Iran, yaletha abantu abafana noDavid Duke wase-United States noRobert Faurisson waseFrance nabanye… ingqungquthela. Akukhona lokho abantu abakudingayo e-Iran. Badinga ikusasa lezomnotho. Badinga izinsiza nokunye okunjalo. Hhayi uhulumeni omosha isikhathi nemali yakhe ngokuphishekela imisebenzi enjalo.
Kumelwe ngisho ngokusobala okungenani ngokwamaphosta namabhodi okukhangisa nokunye okunjalo, kubonakala kunokwesekwa okukhulu kwe-Iran ukuze iqhubekisele phambili ukunothisa kwayo i-Uranium ngaphansi kwe-NPT. Uzwa iziqubulo yonke indawo: Kuyilungelo lethu ukwenza lokhu futhi akekho ongasitshela ukuthi singakwenzi.
Ngakho-ke, inkinga isiphenduke enye yokuphazamiseka. Njengoba ike yaphazanyiswa futhi yangenelela izikhathi eziningi emlandweni wayo, umbono wabantu baseNtshonalanga, abamhlophe, iningi labo elingamaKristu elitshela i-Iran ukuthi yenzeni awehli kahle kubantu abaningi base-Irani.
FKh: Usifunda kanjani isimo phakathi kwe-Iran ne-United States? Uma kwenzeka kuba nempi ne-Iran, yini i-Iran engayenza?
DB: Banempahla ebalulekile e-Afghanistan lapho ingxenye yabantu ikhuluma isiFarsi futhi mhlawumbe i-20, i-30% yabanye iyasiqonda. Banobudlelwano obude bezamasiko nempucuko ne-Afghanistan. Yebo maningi amasosha aseMelika lapho. Kungaba izinhloso ezilula zama-Iran kanye ne-Iran.
Izinduna zempi eziningi e-Afghanistan kuhlanganise nalabo abaseduze neNorthern Alliance esigodini sasePanjshir enyakatho-mpumalanga kanye naseHerat eseduze komngcele wase-Iranian. Omunye wezinduna ezinkulu zempi ubizwa ngo-Ismail Khan. Banobudlelwane obuqine kakhulu eTehran, ngakho-ke bangavulwa ukuze bahlasele amabutho ase-US kanye ne-NATO.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Iraq isemngceleni osentshonalanga we-Iran. Futhi i-Iran inezimpahla eziningi namadlelandawonye ngaphakathi kwe-Iraq. Eqinisweni amaqembu amakhulu ezepolitiki kanye nabaholi bezepolitiki, okuhlanganisa noNdunankulu wangaphambili u-Ibrahim Jafari kanye noNdunankulu wamanje uNuri al-Maliki, bavikelwa uTehran phakathi nawo wonke ama-1980. Kulapho kwazalelwa khona iphathi yeDawa, eTehran. Kungokufanayo nango-Abdulaziz al-Hakim kanye noMkhandlu wakhe Ophakeme Wenguquko YamaSulumane e-Iraq. Lelo qembu nalo lasekelwa ngokoqobo yi-Iran ngesikhathi sonke sokubusa kukaSaddam Hussein.
Enye inzuzo yamasu i-Iran enayo ukuthi ihlezi enyakatho yeStrait of Hormuz engamamayela angu-30 kuphela ububanzi. Ngeke kube nzima kakhulu nge-Iran ukubeka izimayini noma ukucwilisa imikhumbi edlula emigwaqweni eqondile okungaba nomthelela ngokushesha emananini kawoyela omhlaba, okuwakhuphulele phezulu.
Ngakho-ke i-Iran ingenza umonakalo omkhulu. I-Iran akuyona i-republic ye-banana efana ne-Grenada noma i-El Salvador noma i-Nicaragua i-United States engakwazi ukuyishaya.
I-FKh: Manje-ke, yini isisusa se-Washington's saber-rattling ngokumelene ne-Iran?
DB: Hhayi-ke, isisusa esikhulu ukukhombisa umhlaba ukuthi noma ngubani odelela i-United States uzojeziswa. Lokhu ngeke kubekezelelwe. Lokho ubugebengu obuyinhloko base-Iran: ukuthi ithi cha ku-Washington hegemony.
FKh: Ngakho-ke, hhayi “ukugxambukela”, hhayi “ukuphazamisa e-Iraq”, hhayi “usongo lwenuzi” esilokhu sizwa ngalo?
DB: Cha, yizaba nje lezo. Ngikhuluma ngesizathu samasu okunjengoba ngisanda kusichaza. Ukuze kuqhutshekwe ubukhosi base-US emhlabeni wonke kanye nokubusa nokulawula, noma yisiphi isimo esithi cha eWashington siyakhethwa. Futhi izwe elicebe kakhulu ngowoyela negesi yemvelo liheha kakhulu i-United States.
Futhi, uzokhumbula ukuthi u-Shah wayeyindoda enamandla yaseMelika esifundeni. Ngakho-ke lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ukulahlekelwa" kwe-Shah kwaba igalelo elikhulu kwintshisekelo yombuso wase-United States eMpumalanga Ephakathi. Abakaze bamukele inguquko yamaSulumane. Bahlale bezama ukuyibuyisela emuva. Manje sebebeka amabutho ezempi, ngiyakholwa, ukuthi enze umkhankaso omkhulu wokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu ngokumelene ne-Iran.
Kumthethosivivinywa wakamuva we-Pentagon wesabelomali sempi, bekunemali eyengeziwe, amashumi ezigidi zamaRandi amabhomu amasha aqhunyiswa - futhi ngicaphuna lapha - "ecelwe ngokuphuthumayo izikhulu zenkundla yaseshashalazini." Lena yiPentagon yokukhuluma: "Ishashalazi" lisho eMpumalanga Ephakathi.
Manje, i-US ilawula ngokuphelele isibhakabhaka e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan, kungani bengadinga amabhomu amakhulu kangaka? By the way amandla cishe enuzi, hhayi impela. Mayelana namandla okubhubhisa lokhu kusondele kakhulu ekubeni isikhali se-athomu esikhiqiza isivuno esincane.
Lokhu kuhloswe ngokusobala ukuthi kusetshenziswe ngokumelene ne-Iran. Kunamaqembu amathathu empi ethwala izindiza abekwe ePersian Gulf ngasogwini lwase-Iran. Futhi ngikholwa ukuthi, iWashington ifuna ukufundisa i-Iran isifundo futhi ngicabanga ukuthi lokho kuzoba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu neyinhlekelele.
FKh: Obani ama-imperialists kuHulumeni wase-US? Ingabe bangamaDemocrat? AmaRiphabhulikhi? Bayilawula kanjani inqubomgomo yase-US?
DB: Hhayi-ke, azikho izindaba zenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yase-US… ezindabeni zesu awukho umehluko phakathi kwamaRepublican namaDemocrats. Umehluko kuphela kumaqhinga. Ngakho-ke iqiniso lokuthi laba bantu bakholelwa ukuthi i-United States ibusa umhlaba futhi ingangenela kunoma yiliphi izwe emhlabeni, leyo imibono egxilile. Ukungezwani kuza phezu kwamaqhinga. Uyisebenzisa kanjani inqubomgomo ukuze ufinyelele lezo zinhloso zamasu, zokubusa uwoyela, ukulawula umhlaba? Ngakho-ke lezi zinhlobo zemibono zigxile kakhulu ohlelweni lwezepolitiki.
Kodwa iyini inkulumo-mpikiswano? Inkulumo-mpikiswano ivuliwe Kanjani futhi nini amasosha kufanele asetshenziswe ngokumelene ne-Iran. Akekho othi lokhu kungaba ubugebengu obukhulu bempi. Ukuthi i-Iran ayilona usongo e-United States ukuthi noma yikuphi ukuhlasela kwe-Iran kuzoba ukwephulwa okukhulu kwe-charter ye-UN kanye nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Akekho noyedwa okhuluma lawo mazwi.
FKh: Uthini umyalezo wakho enhlanganweni emelene nempi? Ngikuzwile ukhuluma nge-HR 333, isixazululo sokuthweswa icala kwa-Cheney, kodwa ingabe lelo yisu elingcono kakhulu ocabanga ukuthi inhlangano yokulwa nempi kufanele iphokophele?
DB: Hhayi-ke, kuyisu elilodwa. Ngicabanga ukuthi kuyinto esebenzayo kakhulu. Noma amavoti engekho, ukusola uMongameli eNdlu bese kuba nokuqulwa kwecala eSigele… kanye nePhini Likamongameli ngephutha, kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi ngokwethulwa kwalo kuzovimba isenzo ngokumelene ne-Iran.
Ngakho-ke ngicabanga ukuthi leyo yinto ebaluleke kakhulu abantu abangasebenzela phezu kwayo. Ukushaywa umoya nje kokuthweswa icala emoyeni, ngiyakholwa, kuzoba nomthelela wokumasha kwempi yasebukhosini. Futhi abantu kufanele babhale futhi babonise futhi bakhulume no-Ana Eshoo noNancy Pelosi noTom Lantos. Labo ngokhongolose abathathu ababalulekile abavela kule ndawo.
Abantu ngezinye izikhathi bayadikibala futhi bacabange ukuthi kufanele bavele bayeke, ukuthi alikho ithemba, amazwi abo awasho lutho; amavoti abo awanandaba, njll. Ngicabanga ukuthi lokho kungaba iphutha eliwubulima kakhulu ukuthi izakhamuzi zilenze.
FKh: Uthini umbono wakho ngazo zonke izinkulumo ezithinta unswinyo? Unswinyo lwe-UN kanye nohlangothi olulodwa…
DB: Hhayi-ke, unswinyo oluhlangothi olulodwa luwukwephulwa okukhulu komthethosisekelo we-UN futhi akukho emthethweni futhi kufanele kubonakale kunjalo. I-United States, ngenxa yokuthi ibusa umhlaba, ingafaka unswinyo ngaphandle kohlangothi.
Okube kuphazamisa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule ukuthi i-Europe ibhekwe ngabomvu kangakanani ibhekene ne-United States ngodaba lwe-Iran. Bengicabanga ukuthi amazwe amaningi aseYurophu athatha isikhundla esinesimiso nge-Iraq, kodwa manje nge-Iran, abonakala ehambisana ne-United States.
Mhlawumbe ukukhethwa kukaMerkel eJalimane esikhundleni sikaSchroeder noSarkozy eFrance esikhundleni sikaChirac… babonakala bethatheka kakhulu ngenqubomgomo yase-US nge-Iran futhi bazithobe eWashington.
Bheka, i-US ine unswinyo ngokumelene ne-Iran kusukela ngo-1980, selokhu kwaba nenkinga yokuthunjwa. Ngakho lokhu akuyona into entsha. Empeleni kuwukuphazamiseka okuncane okwamanje. Kube wukuphazamiseka kubantu base-Irani nakubamabhizinisi base-Irani. Kepha uyazi ukuthi banama-akhawunti abo asebhange aphesheya kwezilwandle eGulf.
Ngenkathi ngise-Iran, ngangilapho ngemigubho ye-22-Bahman yenguquko. Ngaya eMeydaneh Azadi. U-Ahmadinejad wayekhona futhi kwakukhona iziqubulo ezivamile ezithi “Marg bar Amrika”. Yonke le nto yayibonakala ingeyokwenziwa kimina. Babekhuluma nje imigqa yabo, kwakungekho thando. Kwakungekho mdlandla. Ngibona sengathi uguquko seluphelelwe yisikhathi, alunambitheki futhi abantu bahamba nje. Kodwa uma kuqala ukungqubuzana, ngeke bangabaze ukuvikela izwe labo ngenxa yobuzwe; ngoba banendaba ne-Iran.
Ngicabanga ukuthi uShirin Ebadi owawina iNobel Peace Prize ngo-2003, ulungile. Uthe kuzoba yiphutha elikhulu ukuthi i-US ihlasele i-Iran. Kungaqinisa ukwesekwa kombuso kuphela. Futhi kuzophinde kubeke engcupheni ukunyakaza kwentando yeningi ngaphakathi kwe-Iran.
Kunenhlangano e-Iran efuna ukwenza izinguquko ohlelweni lukahulumeni ezweni. Kepha abafuni ukuthi kubekwe eWashington. Bafuna kube yi-Iranian. Bafuna ibe nokunambitheka kwe-Iranian, hhayi ukunambitheka kwaseMelika.
FKh: Ukhuluma ngenhlangano yezinguquko.
DB: Kulungile. Bafuna ukuba nohlobo oluthile lokuvuleka ngasentshonalanga. Bafuna ukuqeda lesi simo sokungqubuzana, nobutha. Yiqiniso, baye babukela phansi inqubomgomo yezangaphandle yase-US. Akuyona nje uShirin Ebadi, u-Akbar Ganji usho lokhu. Abanye bakusho lokhu.
Ngaso sonke isikhathi, i-US ikhulisa i-bellicosis, ulimi olunolaka uma iqhathaniswa ne-Iran kuba nokuqhekeka kwasekhaya, ingcindezelo eyengeziwe ngaphakathi kwezwe. Ngoba uhulumeni uzizwa engavikelekile futhi ukhomba noma ngubani ophikisayo njengosekela iWashington ngandlela thize, okungenjalo nhlobo, kodwa uyabona ukuthi lesi sifo siqhubeka kanjani.
FKh: Siyini isixazululo?
DB: Igama elilodwa: ukwethembeka. Amanga kumele aphele. Inkulumo-ze kufanele iphele. Kufanele sikhulume ngokucacile ngo-Israyeli nangamafutha. Kunamanga amaningi kakhulu, ubuqili obuningi.
Yonke into ingcwatshwe ngaphansi “kwenkululeko” kanye “nentando yeningi” kanye “nenkululeko.” Lezi iziqubulo zenkulumo-ze ezifihla izinhloso zangempela zenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yase-US, okuwukubusa kweMpumalanga Ephakathi, ukuvikelwa kwe-Israel, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenzekani, kanye nokulawulwa kwemithombo yomhlaba kawoyela negesi yemvelo.
UDavid Barsamian ungumsunguli nomqondisi we-Alternative Radio (www.alternativeradio.org). Uhlela uhambo lokubuyela e-Iran ngoFebhuwari. UFoaad Khosmood ungumhleli we-ZNet.
Izingcaphuno ezivela ku-Target Iran zikhiqizwe kabusha ngemvume evela kubashicileli be-City Lights:
1. U-Noam Chomsky Ezinsongweni Nezijeziso zase-US ngokumelene ne-Iran:
“Ngokwezindinganiso zase-US, i-Iran kufanele ngabe yenza izenzo zobushokobezi e-United States. Eqinisweni sithatha izindinganiso zase-US, kufanele sifune ukuthi bakwenze. Basengozini enkulu kakhulu kunanoma yini uBush noma uBlair abake bayihlanganisa, futhi lokho kufanele kugunyaze lokho abakubiza ngokuthi ukuzivikela okulindelekile, okungukuthi ukuhlasela. Abakwazi ukuhlasela i-United States. Babengenza okunye. Vele lokho kuyacasula ngokuphelele, kodwa lokho kuvele kukutshele okuthile ngezindinganiso zase-US-British. Nokho, iYurophu ayizange ifinyelele ingxenye yayo yokuthengiselana. Ngokusobala ngaphansi kwengcindezi yase-US, yahlehla. Ayizange yenze isithembiso sokuhlinzeka nganoma yiziphi iziqinisekiso zokuvikeleka. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, i-Iran yahoxa ohlangothini lwayo lwezingxoxo.
Lokho kusiletha kuze kube manje, njengoba iYurophu inqaba ukuphila ngokuvumelana nesivumelwano; i-US kanye ne-Israel iyaqhubeka, ngokwelula empeleni, izinsongo zokuvikeleka kwe-Iranian, ezibucayi; kanye ne-Iran, asazi. Babuyele ekuvundiseni i-uranium, futhi asazi ukuthi yiziphi izinjongo. Akekho ofuna i-Iran ithole izikhali zenuzi. Uma bekunentshisekelo yangempela yokuvimbela lokho, obekungenzeka ukuthi uzonciphisa izinsongo ezenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthi zizozithuthukisa njengesivimbeli; sebenzisa isivumelwano esenziwe; bese siqhubekela ekuhlanganiseni i-Iran ohlelweni olujwayelekile lwezomnotho lwamazwe ngamazwe; ukususa unswinyo, okuyinzuzo yabantu, hhayi uhulumeni; futhi nje ubangenise ohlelweni lwezwe. I-US iyenqaba. I-Europe yenza lokho i-US ebayala ukuba bakwenze.
Enye yezinkinga i-US ebhekene nayo ukuthi iChina ayithuki. Yingakho i-US isaba kakhulu iChina. Ubona izihloko zezindaba emakhasini okuqala, ‘Iyingozi Kangakanani IChina?’ Kuyo yonke imibuso emikhulu yenuzi, iChina iye yaba yizithibe kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwayo kwezikhali ezihlaselayo. Kodwa iChina iyethusa ngoba ayesabi. IYurophu izohlehla, futhi iChina ngeke. Izinkampani zaseYurophu, ezisaba i-US, zihoxile ekutshalweni kwezimali e-Iran, kodwa iChina iyaqhubeka. Yingakho i-US isaba kakhulu iChina. Uma uyi-Mafia don futhi othile engayikhokhi imali yokuzivikela, lokho kuyasabisa, ikakhulukazi lapho ungeke wenze lutho ngakho.”
- Iqondise i-Iran, amakhasi 37-38
2. Ervand Abrahamian mayelana nokuhambisana komlando wase-Iranian:
“Lolu hlobo lwesisekelo eWashington aluwunaki ngokuphelele umlando wase-Iran. Umlando wase-Iran eminyakeni engu-150 edlule ube ngumlando wokuzabalaza ne-imperialism yangaphandle. Futhi kulowo mlando, amandla ombuso, ikakhulukazi iBrithani, ayehlale enikeza i-Iran iziphetho. Emlandweni wase-Irani, osopolitiki base-Irani abahambisa izinqumo babethathwa njengamambuka kazwelonke, futhi abaholi bakazwelonke abenqaba ukuhambisa babhekwa njengamaqhawe njalo. Ngisho noma behluliwe, baye babhekwa njengamaqhawe.
Ngakho-ke le nkinga ekhona e-Iran ibonwa njengokuphindaphinda kwenkinga yokwenziwa kukawoyela kuzwelonke neMossadegh, kanti ama-Irani asondelana ne-Iran ngo-1951-53, lapho i-Iran yayifuna ukuba yisizwe esizimele, esizihloniphayo futhi sibe nobukhosi. phezu kwezinsiza zayo. AbaseMelika nabaseBrithani banikeze lezi ziphetho: uma ungayeki uwoyela wakho, sizokubhubhisa. Futhi uMossadegh wayeyiqhawe; nakuba engazange aphumelele, walwela amalungelo esizwe.
Abantu base-Irani babona into efanayo, ngaphandle kwamanje umbuzo wobuchwepheshe benuzi. Uma ubheka emuva ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, inganekwane eyingxenye yomlando wase-Iranian ukuthi i-Iran ayikwazanga ukuthuthukisa izitimela ngoba impiriyali yaseBrithani neRussia yayingeke ikuvumele. Ngaso sonke isikhathi i-Iran ifuna ukwakha imizila yezitimela, ngaleso sikhathi okwakuyingqalasizinda yobuchwepheshe, imibuso yombuso yayingenela ithi, 'Cha, awulungile ngokwanele ukuthi awukathuthukisiwe ngokwanele ukuba ube nezitimela.' embuzweni wobuchwepheshe benuzi, impikiswano iwukuthi i-Iran ayibudingi ngempela noma i-Iran ayikavuthwa ngokwanele ukuba ibe nobuchwepheshe benuzi.”
- Iqondise i-Iran, amakhasi 116-117
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Nikela