Ukwenziwa kwangasese kanye nemvelo yombuso kuya enkabeni yomzabalazo wokulwa nobuvila eGreece. Ithimba lababolekisi abathathu ababalulekile eGreece - i-European Commission, IMF kanye ne-European Central Bank - izama ukusheshisa ukudayiswa kwezimpahla zomphakathi nezinsiza zezwe ngokuzifaka enkampanini eyodwa ukuze idayiswe ngokushesha ngokulandelana. . I-Hellenic Republic Asset Development Fund (TAIPED), njengoba le nkampani iqanjwe ngokugqamile, ingase futhi ibe yindlu yendali ekhangisa ngokuthi 'konke kufanele kuhambe' kucace bha: 'I-Greece iyathengiswa. Ukuthengiselana ngezindlu, izinkampani ezinenzuzo ezishibhile.'
Ukumelana nalokhu kunikezelwa emakethe yebhizinisi kubhekene nenselelo. Ngo-2011 inkampani yokuvota ehlonishwayo yathola ukuthi amaphesenti angama-75 amaGreki akholelwa ukuthi ukugcinwa kwangasese kuyadingeka; ngo-2012 yehle yafika kumaphesenti angama-62 kodwa isangaphezu kwesigamu sabantu - okuhlanganisa namaphesenti angaphezu kwama-40 abavoti baseSyriza. Lezi zinhlolovo ezifanayo, nokho, zibonisa iphuzu lokuba sengozini kwe-troika: amanzi, udaba olulodwa lapho iningi eliphikisa ukugcinwa kwangasese. Kulolu daba lapho ukuphikiswa sekuqala ukukhula khona njengoba i-TAIPED imemezela ukuthi amabhidi ezinkampani ezimbili zikahulumeni zamanzi azomenywa ngaphambi kwehlobo azodayiswa ngo-Okthoba.
Ukwenziwa kwamanzi angasese kubonakale kungumthombo wobungozi obulalayo kohulumeni abagxile ekuhwebeni kwangasese. ELatin America ukunqoba kwamanzi njengelungelo lomuntu, ngokumelene nohulumeni becabanga ukuthi bangawathengisa emakethe yomhlaba, kube nomthelela, isibonelo, ekuweni kohulumeni abaphiko lwesokudla e-Uruguay, ngasekupheleni kwawo-1990, kanye neBolivia, I-Cochabamba 'impi yamanzi' ka-2000.
Kakade amandla okuzibophezela okungokoqobo emanzini njengenzuzo evamile aqala ukufakazela ukungakhululeki kumalungu e-EU we-troika endaweni yawo yasekhaya. Isibonelo, isikhuthazo sikamongameli waseFrance uFranรงois Hollande ezinkampanini zamanzi zaseFrance ukuthi ziqale amathenda ezinkampanini zaseGreece asikholisi neze lapho umasipala wenhloko-dolobha yakhe ubika ukonga okuphumelelayo kwezigidi ezingama-ยฃ30 ngonyaka wokuqala ngokubuyisela amanzi ezandleni zomphakathi, abaphathi bathole izinkampani zamanzi ezizimele ezikhipha inzuzo yokuqola. 'Ukunxeshezelwa' kweParis kuyingxenye yethrendi kulo lonke elaseYurophu. NaseBerlin, osonkontileka abazimele baxoshiwe.
I-Germany nayo iwumthombo wokungenelela okuqondile ngokumelene nokuphikelela kwe-troika ekuthengiseni amanzi azimele. Ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, umongameli wenhlangano yezimenenja zamanzi omphakathi eJalimane wabhala incwadi eqinile egameni lezinkampani ezihlinzeka ngamanzi nokuthutha indle ezweni eya kumongameli we-European Commission egcizelela ukuthi, ngokomyalelo we-EU mayelana namanzi ubeka ukuthi Amanzi 'akuyona into yohwebo', 'ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi, ukulahlwa kwendle kanye nokuphathwa kwamanzi angeke kube yinto yangasese'.
Izinyathelo zokuqala
Imizamo yokuqala eGreece ekulweni nepolitiki emanzini iqhamuke edolobheni lesibili ngobukhulu kuleli, iThessaloniki. Lapha izinyathelo zokuqala eziya kumabhizinisi azimele ngo-2007 zehliswa kancane kancane ngenxa yokumelana nenyunyana yabasebenzi bamanzi, eyabamba isiteleka sezinsuku ezine sokulamba ngesikhathi sombukiso wezohwebo wamazwe ngamazwe wedolobha. Amathenda okuqala agcina emenyezelwe ngo-2009 futhi inyunyana yaphinda - leyo, ngokungafani nezinyunyana eziningi eGreece, eyayizimisele ngokugcina ukuzimela kwayo kuzo zonke izinhlangano zezombusazwe - yaphendula ngokuhlala izinsuku eziyi-12 esakhiweni esikhulu senkampani.
Idumela elasungulwa yinyunyana yabasebenzi bamanzi nezishoshovu eThessaloniki libonise ukuthi liyisisekelo umkhankaso okhulayo wanamuhla okwazile ukwakha kuso. Umongameli weNyunyana uGeorge Archontopoulos uthi ngo-2009 wayevame ukuzimema emaqenjini omakhelwane ukuze abeke izimpikiswano ngokumelene nokugcinwa kwangasese. Manje, uthi, 'bahlale besicela ukuba size kubo futhi baningi.'
'Sichithe isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha sizama ukubaqinisekisa ukuthi senza njengezakhamuzi hhayi njengabasebenzi abesaba ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi,' kuqhuba yena. 'Iqiniso liwukuthi bebesivivinya futhi besingazi! Njengoba nazi, luningi udaka, ngezinye izikhathi okufanele, olujikijelwa izisebenzi zikahulumeni futhi kungaba nenkohlakalo eningi ezinyunyaneni.'
Inyunyana yasiza ukunqoba lesi simo sengqondo esingesihle ezisebenzini zikahulumeni ngokuthatha izintambo hhayi kuphela ngokumelene nezinkampani ezizimele kodwa futhi ngokumelene nenkohlakalo, ukukhuphuka kwentengo kanye nenani elikhulayo lokunqanyulwa kwamanzi. Akumangazi-ke ukuthi amandla amasha kanye nokuhlangana okugqugquzelwe ukuhlala kwesikwele saseThessaloniki's White Tower ngo-2011 kufanele kuholele ezingxoxweni phakathi kwama-indignados nabasebenzi bamanzi.
Ukuqalisa 136
Kulokhu kwaphuma 'Initiative 136'. Umqondo uwukuthi uma wonke umsebenzisi wamanzi ethenga isabelo esingadluliseki, 'umphakathi ubungaba umnikazi wenkampani yamanzi ngohlelo lwemifelandawonye yasendaweni yabasebenzisi bamanzi ehlangana ndawonye ngedlelandawonye eyodwa'. I-Euro engu-136 iyinani ositholayo ekuhlukaniseni ama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-60 inkampani ezofakwa ngayo emakethe yamasheya ngenani lamamitha amanzi edolobheni.
'Eqinisweni, kungaba yimpendulo yomphakathi emphakathini ngokubambisana kwe-troika phakathi kwezinkampani ezizimele,' kuchaza uTheodoros Karyotis, ilungu elisungule le-Initiative 136 lenhlangano yezenhlalakahle yaseThessaloniki, naye obambe iqhaza ekwesekeni abasebenzi be-Vio yedolobha. Ifekthri ye-.Me ngesikhathi besebenza futhi manje sebezilawula ngokwabo ukukhiqiza.
UGeorge Archontopoulos uchaza ukuthi 'umbono waqala kanjani ukuphuma esithangamini sabezindaba ngesikhathi semizabalazo yangaphambili. Ukuze siqinise impikiswano yokugcina amanzi esesidlangalaleni sahlukanisa intengo yesitoko ngenani labasebenzisi bamanzi ukuze sibonise ukuthi umphakathi ungawathenga kanjani amasheya futhi ugcine inkampani ezandleni zomphakathi. Ngama-indignados siphendule lo mbono umkhankaso osebenzayo.'
Eqinisweni, umthelela ongokoqobo we-Initiative 136 ube ngamandla ayo enkulumo-ze - okubonisa ngokusobala ukuthi amanzi angaphathwa kanjani njengesisetshenziswa esivamile 'ngaphandle kokuthembela ezinkampanini ezizimele noma kuhulumeni okhona,' njengoKostas Marioglou, omunye umholi wabasebenzi bamanzi. beka. Nakuba ama-co-op akhiwe ezindaweni eziyisishiyagalombili kwezingu-16 zaseThessaloniki, futhi umkhandlu kamasipala wedolobha ukwamukele ngazwi linye, abantu abakwazi ukukhokhela i-โฌ136 eyodwa kuphela. Futhi omasipala abanayo imali yokuqhubeka.
'Sihlaselwa kuzo zonke izinhlangothi,' kusho uTheodoros Karyotis, esanda kubuya embhikishweni wabantu abangu-20,000 XNUMX wokumba igolide e-Eldorado ezintabeni eziseduze zaseKavakos kanye nokucindezelwa okunonya kwamaphoyisa kwanoma ubani, okuhlanganisa nezingane zesikole, asolwa ngokubhikisha. .
Kodwa abahleli be-Initiative 136 abawuyeki umsebenzi osebenzayo. Baxoxa manje ne-European Public Water Network enethonya mayelana nokuthola izimali zokuguqula isixazululo somphakathi sibe ngokoqobo. 'Akuseyona indaba yamaGreki. Sekuwudaba oluwuphawu lwenhlangano yaseYurophu,' kuchaza uKaryotis. 'Uma ukusungulwa kwangasese kunganqotshwa, kuzoba yimbangela yangempela yokubuyisela amanzi emphakathini, okwenzeka yonke indawo.'
Umfelandawonye obanzi
Ngesikhathi esifanayo nokuphokophela phambili ekutholeni izimali kanye nezinhlaka zomthetho zamadlelandawonye, โโbonke labo abaku-Initiative 136 bachitha isikhathi benza umfelandawonye obanzi omelene nokuphathwa kwezinkampani ezizimele. 'Sisebenza ngemilenze emibili. Umfelandawonye obanzi ongaba khona ngokumelene nokwenza izinto ezizimele umlenze wokuqala kanye nokuhlola indlela yokuxhumana ngokuqondile njengenye indlela,' kusho u-Theodoros Karyotis.
'Kufanele sihlangane simelane nokuthengiswa kwezinkampani ezizimele,' kugcizelela u-Kostas Marioglou, 'futhi sikwazi ukuxoxisana ngendlela engcono kakhulu yokuphatha amanzi ukuze kuzuze wonke umuntu.' Ngoba eceleni kobunye kunenkulumompikiswano eshubile nge-Initiative 136. 'Kungani kufanele sithenge lokho esivele sinakho?' phikisana abaningi eSyriza. 'Inkinga,' kusho uKaryotis, 'ingabe sikuyeka kanjani ukuhwebelana kwangasese? Ukunxenxa, ukubhikisha kukodwa, ingabe kuyaphi? I-Initiative 136 ngomqondo munye ilwa nabo ngezizathu zabo, ixhaphaza igebe, kodwa lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukusivimba, uma sinezimali futhi sisekelwa abantu abaningi.'
'Inhloso ijwayelekile,' kugcizelela uGeorge Archontopoulos, owamela okhethweni lwaseSyriza, 'noma ngabe sidubula sisuka ezindaweni ezahlukene. Ake sizungeze ilitshe!'
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, inhlangano yamanzi ethuthukayo ngaphesheya kwe-Attica, isifunda sase-Athens, ihlangana kulokhu kuhloswe ngakho, usongo oluseduze lokwenziwa kwezinkampani ezizimele. Njengamanzi eliwavikelayo, ukugeleza kwemikhankaso kuhlanganisa amandla kubo bonke omasipala base-Attica futhi kusukela ethekwini lasePiraeus kuya ezindaweni zokuhlala zesigaba esikhulu kunazo zonke e-Athens.
Umshayeli ozimisele ngemuva kwalokhu iqembu elisha elithokozisayo nelibukeka ngaphandle labasebenzi bamanzi benkampani yamanzi omphakathi i-EYDAP yase-Athens. Izibiza ngokuthi SEKE ('participatory unity movement'). UVasilis Tsokalis, oyilungu lomsunguli we-SEKE., uchaza umsuka wayo ngesikhathi sokhetho lwabamele abasebenzi ebhodini le-EYDAP.
'Ngokungazelelwe ngonyaka odlule le nhlangano entsha yahlangana, kusukela kwesokunxele namaphakathi kwesokunxele, ngaphandle kwamaqembu amabili amadala. Besifuna ukuqeda amalunga ebhodi abesehlale iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi; omunye eyilungu le-PASOK futhi omunye weNtando Yeningi Entsha,' uyachaza. 'Babe yinhlekelele impela, besebenza nabaphathi kanye namaqembu ezepolitiki, bethi bamelene nokusungulwa kwezinkampani ezizimele kodwa bangenzi lutho.'
Khona manjalo u-SEKE uthole amavoti angu-17%. 'Kodwa sasazi ukuthi singaba namandla ngokuthatha izinyathelo nabanye abalwa nokuthengiswa kwezinkampani ezizimele kanye nokuphathwa kwamanzi ukuze kuzuzwe wonke umuntu,' kusho uTsikalis. USEKE uxhumane neSave Greek Water, kwathi ngokuhlanganyela bazibekela umsebenzi wokuqinisekisa ukuthi bonke omasipala abangu-45 baseseke ukuzibophezela emanzini omphakathi.
Ukunyakaza kwezakhamizi
U-Vasilis Tsokalis usho ngokugcizelela: 'Lena inhlangano yezakhamuzi.' U-Theodoros Karyotis ugcizelela ukubaluleka 'kokuzimela kwenhlangano yethu kuzo zonke izinhlangano zezombusazwe'. Ukuphikelela kwabo kuvela emlandweni lapho izinhlangano zomphakathi ezizimele zincishwe umoya ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu ezepolitiki. Kodwa futhi livela emcabangweni omuhle wokukhululeka ezigabeni, ukuncika kanye nezindlela ezigcwele ukubusa ezihlobene nombuso osebenza ngokusebenzisa amakhasimende.
Esikhathini esedlule, izisebenzi eziningi zikahulumeni zazama ngasese ukusebenza ngaphandle kwalesi siko kodwa manje lokhu kwenqaba komuntu ngamunye sekuphenduka inhlanganisela yendlela ehlukile yokuxhumana nepolitiki. Ekuvukeni okunamandla kombhikisho weminyaka emibili edlule, ukuchuma kokubambisana okuzihlelele okufana ne-Initiative 136, SEKE, umsebenzi wefekthri e-Vio.Me nokunye konke kuwubufakazi balokhu.
UNadia Valvani, iLungu lePhalamende laseSyriza futhi oyilungu lekomidi lezomnotho elibhekelele inqubomgomo yezinkampani ezizimele, ukuzwile lokhu ekukhuleni kweSyriza ngesikhathi sokhetho lokuqala luka-2012, lapho ivoti lomfelandawonye lenyuka lisuka kumaphesenti amane elawathola ngo-4 laya kumaphesenti angama-2009.
'Kwakukhona into ejulile kunozwelo lwezepolitiki,' uyakhumbula. 'Emibuthanweni yemizi yabantu ngezwa uhlobo oluthile lwenqubo yenkululeko. Kwakukhona abantu ababengashiywanga ikakhulukazi abafuna ukushintsha yonke indlela yabo yokuphila futhi babone ukuphela kohlu lwamakhasimende maqondana nepolitiki. Beza kithi befuna indlela yokuphuma. Bafuna ukuhlanganyela, hhayi nje ukuvota. Ukube angiphilanga kulokhu, ngabe angizange ngikholiseke.'
Lokhu kukhululwa kuphinde kukhiphe amandla okukhiqiza. Unjiniyela osesikhundleni esinomthwalo wemfanelo kwa-EYDAP, i-Antigoni Synodinou, ubona 'inani elikhulu lethalente elimoshayo' ngaphansi kokuphathwa kwamakhasimende; njengomholi wezinyunyana, uGeorge Archontopoulos uchaza indlela 'imibono yabasebenzi nolwazi olunganakwa ngayo'.
Ngamanye amazwi, abantu bachaza amandla ezomnotho: ukusungula umphakathi, okukhuthazwayo nokondliwa ngokubambisana nokubambisana. Ngokwejwayelekile ibizwa ngokuthi 'imali yezenhlalakahle' futhi ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukukhuthaza amanethiwekhi okubumbana komphakathi ukuze kubhekwane nobunzima bezomnotho, ngaphandle kokubekela inselele ukungalingani kwesakhiwo. Ngokweqile, uma kucatshangelwa uguquko, lawa mandla omphakathi afanayo angaqondwa njengamandla okukhiqiza ezomnotho wentando yeningi, obambe iqhaza, okuhlanganisa nokuhlela umkhakha womphakathi.
Ukushintsha umbono
Ama-poll on privatization asikisela ukuthi ezinye izindlela ezinjalo zibalulekile ekuguquleni umbono womphakathi, ngoba abantu abafanayo ababuka ukugcinwa kwangasese njengesidingo bakholelwa nokuthi kuzuzisa izinkampani zangaphandle futhi akuzuzisi abathengi. Lokhu kukhomba ukuthi umbono wabo uhlobene kakhulu nobutha kuhulumeni okhona, umbuso osuvele uzimisele ngokuhlangabezana nezidingo zangasese. Inkinga iwukungabi bikho kwanoma yikuphi ukuqwashisa ngokunye ukuphathwa kwezinsizakalo zomphakathi kanye nempahla evamile.
Amalungu ekomidi lezomnotho laseSyriza anaka ukubaluleka kwezinhlelo ezizimele zomfelandawonye - ezivela ezakhamuzini nakubasebenzi njengezakhamuzi - zokuthuthukisa ezinye izindlela ezikholisayo nezisebenzayo. Encwadini ezayo, i-Crucible of Resistance, omunye wabakhulumeli bezomnotho baseSyriza, u-Euclid Tsakalotos, ukhomba ukubaluleka kokwakhiwa kwenkulumo-mpikiswano eminyakeni yokuqala ye-Syriza 'ngohulumeni'. Isiphetho sasisho ukuthi i-Syriza ayisekeli nje kuphela izinhlangano zomphakathi kodwa futhi 'ifunde kulokhu kunyakaza mayelana nesimo sokunye'.
Ubuholi beSyriza babona lo mgomo wokweseka nokufunda emikhankasweni ezimele ngesikhathi esifanayo njengokuphokophela uhulumeni njengenselelo enkulu njengoba elungiselela ukuguqukela ekubeni yiqembu. U-Andreas Karitzis uyachaza: 'I-Syriza iyingozi ngoba ihlanganisa lezo zinto ezimbili, ukubusa kanye nokuxhumana okuqinile nezinhlangano zomphakathi ezilwa nohulumeni. Isu likahulumeni wukuphoqa ukuthi sithathe isinqumo. Nginethemba ngoba amalungu e-Syriza, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amavukela-mbuso noma ama-reformist, ayabona ukuthi asikho isisombululo uma silahlekelwa enye yalezi zici.'
Uma umfelandawonye omelene nokugcinwa kwamanzi angasese eGreece, ngesikhathi esifanayo uphikisana futhi uhlola ezinye izindlela, uthuthukisa umfutho wawo, kungasho ukuthi umzamo we-troika wokuthengisa amanzi uzophinde ukhombise umnyakazo obulalayo wesigaba sezombusazwe.
I-Athens izosingatha i-Alter Summit ngoJuni 7-8. www.altersummit.eu
U-Hilary Wainwright ungumhleli ongumsunguli we-Red Pepper kanye nozakwabo we-Transnational Institute.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela