Umthombo: Ipolitiki Entsha
NgoJuni 2019 House Ways and Means Committee Ukulalela ngeMedicare for All, waseTexas Republican uKevin Murphy wakhala, “Lolo hlelo oluhle lwezempilo inyunyana yakho eyaxoxisana ngayo ngawe? Ihambile. Kuvinjelwe ngaphansi kwe-Medicare for All. "
I-congressman yophiko lwesokudla enamaphesenti angu-7 amaphuzu wokuvota impilo yonke evela ku-AFL-CIO ekhala izinyembezi zengwenya ngezinhlelo ezinkulu zokunakekelwa kwezempilo yenyunyana ingachithwa kalula njengomunye ubuwula besistimu yezombangazwe yaseMelika eya ngokuya ingasebenzi. Kepha lapho uJoe “umngane wesisebenzi” uBiden ephinda icala cishe igama negama nalapho uMongameli we-AFL-CIO u-Rich Trumka egcizelela ukuthi— Fox News hhayi ngaphansi!—ukuthi “uma ingekho indlela ethile yokwenza izinhlelo zethu zihlanganiswe ohlelweni, khona-ke ngeke sisekele [i-Medicare for All],” kukhona okwenzekayo ngempela lapho. Amaphuzu okuxoxa phela awavele aphume emoyeni. Aklanywe ngokucophelela futhi asakazwa iqoqo labashisekeli nabashicileli bakahulumeni abavame ukusebenzela izintshisekelo zebhizinisi nezepolitiki ezingenamthunzi.
Ngokushesha nje u-Trumka wajoyinwa nguMongameli Wenhlangano Yothisha YaseMelika u-Randi Weingarten, okwathi ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngaphambili wayenikeze ukugunyaza okugcwele kwe-Medicare for All Act embuthanweni wokugubha ukwethulwa kwawo. NgoSepthemba 23, 2019, I-Politico i-athikili, u-Weingarten wakushiya lokho kusekelwa esekela uhlelo oluqanjiwe lapho “umshwalense osekelwe kumqashi uzovunyelwa ukuba khona. ngezinga ukuthi izinhlelo zahlangabezana noma zeqa izindinganiso ezibekwe uhlelo lwe-Medicare.” Isimiso esinjalo “besingavumela abantu abathanda uhlelo lwabo lwamanje olusekelwe kumqashi—labo abayisikhombisa kwabayishumi baseMelika abathi bayaluthanda (nakuba ngokunokwenzeka bathanda udokotela wabo, hhayi uhlelo ngokwalo)—ukuba baligcine, bavumele ushintsho kancane kancane lusuka ohlelweni olulodwa. komunye lapho kudingekile, futhi sithuthukise ngempumelelo imodeli eyasungulwa yi-Affordable Care Act.”
Umbukwane wabaholi bezemisebenzi kuzwelonke abavikela uhlelo oluyimbangela enkulu yeziteleka, ukuvalwa kwezindawo, kanye nezingxoxo zezivumelwano zemvumelwano uyamangaza. Esizukulwaneni sonke manje, izinyunyana zase-United States ziye zahwebelana ngamaholo nezinye izinzuzo zokunciphisa ukuvikeleka komshwalense wezempilo ohlinzekwe ngumqashi (noma iminikelo yomqashi ehlala ikhula edingekayo ukuze kugcinwe izinzuzo ezifanayo ezinciphayo ezivela ezikhwameni zezempilo nezenhlalakahle ezixhaswe yinyunyana) .
Ingozi Yomlando
Ukuxhumana kwesistimu yokunakekelwa kwezempilo yase-US nokuqashwa kuhlukile emazweni anezimboni. Kwavela njengengozi yomlando eminyakeni esanda kulandela iMpi Yezwe II lapho isithembiso sikaRoosevelt sokwenza “Umthethosivivinywa Wesibili Wamalungelo” ngesikhathi sangemva kwempi simiswa safa ngenxa yenhloko-dolobha evuselelayo. Ngo-1946, i-American Medical Association yahola impi yokunqoba uMthethosivivinywa we-Wagner-Murray-Dingell owawungadala uhlelo lomshwalense wezempilo kazwelonke oluxhaswe ngumphakathi. Ngonyaka olandelayo kwaba nokuphasiswa koMthetho we-Taft-Hartley, okwathi, kuhlangene nesiphithiphithi sokulwa nobukhomanisi kanye nokuyenga ubuhlanga, kwabeka inhlangano yabasebenzi enamandla yangemva kwempi yaba ukuhoxa okude.
Ayikwazanga ukwandisa iholo lezenhlalakahle ngokuphatha izimpahla zomphakathi ezifana nokunakekelwa kwezempilo njengelungelo eliyisisekelo elitholakala kubo bonke, abasebenzi basize ekwakheni "isixazululo sesibili esingcono kakhulu" sokwenza ukufinyelela ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kube yinzuzo ehlobene nokuqashwa. ICorporate America yanqwabelana futhi yanikeza izinzuzo eziningilizayo zokuqasha nokugcina abasebenzi kanye nokugcina izinyunyana zingekho. Lolu hlelo lwalunephutha kusukela ekuqaleni. Kudale izigaba zokuhlanganisa eziqinisa ukuhlukana kwezinhlanga nobulili okusekelwe emsebenzini kanye nenani elikhulu “lesiphithiphithi” esiphazamise ukuqhubeka kokunakekelwa ngisho nabanomshuwalense ongcono kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi ngemva kokunwetshwa komshwalense wezempilo owenza inzuzo kanye nabahlinzeki bezempilo kusukela ngawo-1970, ukungasebenzi kahle kwezokuphatha kwakhelwa ohlelweni ukuze kube lula ukuthatha inzuzo, kwaze kwaba, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili nanye, uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lwase-US ngokuphindwe kabili kunesilinganiso se-OECD.
Noma kunjalo, esikhathini sangemva kweMpi Yezwe II yokuminyana okuphezulu kwezinyunyana nokuzinza kwemisebenzi, izinyunyana eziningi zakwazi ukuxoxisana “ngesimo senhlalakahle yangasese” esiqinile esihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka kokunakekelwa kwezempilo emashumini ezigidi zabantu baseMelika abasezingeni elisebenzayo. Lezi zinzuzo cishe azizange zinikezwe abasebenzi. Izinyunyana kwadingeka zenze izimpi ezinde nezingapheli ukuze zandise futhi zivikele ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okusekelwe kumqashi. Ngawo-1980, cishe zonke izingxoxo zenkontileka zazibhekene nezidingo zomqashi zokuncishiswa kokusebenza kanye nokudluliselwa kwezindleko zisuka kumqashi ziyiswe emsebenzini. Abasebenzi abayizikhonzi bahlukumezeke kakhulu njengoba bephoqeleka ukuthi bamukele noma yini umqashi ayebanika yona. Futhi, ngokungafani nemizamo yokunciphisa izinzuzo zomshwalense womphakathi njenge-Social Security noma i-Medicare ecishe ihluleke njalo ngenxa yokuphikiswa okukhulu okudumile, ukuncishiswa kwezinzuzo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo okusekelwe emsebenzini kwenzeka inkampani ngenkampani ebusuku futhi kuvusa ukuphikiswa okuncane noma okungekho okudumile. Namuhla, ngisho nalawo malungu ambalwa ezinyunyana akwazile ukulondoloza izinzuzo ezinhle azithola eseziqhingini olwandle lokunakekelwa kwezempilo okunganele nokunengozi.
Uhlelo Lwezinhlekelele
Uthanda noma ungathandi, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okusekelwe emsebenzini akwenzeki. I-Milliman Medical Index ibika ukuthi izindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo zika-2018 ziphelele zomndeni wabane onomsebenzi ohloniphekile osekelwe emisebenzini zidlula ama-$ 28,000 ngonyaka. Lokho kungu-$14 ngehora osetshenzelwa isisebenzi sesikhathi esigcwele—cishe amaholo aphansi aphindwe kabili kunawo wonke. Umqashi ukhokha u-$15,000 walokho, bese kuthi u-$13,000 ukhokhwa isisebenzi ngomshwalense obambisene, izindleko eziphuma ephaketheni, ama-co-pay, ama-deductibles, nazo zonke ezinye izindlela eziyinkulungwane imboni yezimboni yezokwelapha ekhipha ngayo imali emaphaketheni ethu. Lezi zimali sezivele zingaphezu kwesilinganiso samaholo ajwayelekile ngehora ezinsizeni zokudla nasemisebenzini yokudayisa futhi zikhula ngokushesha okuphindwe kabili kunezinga lokukhushulwa kwamaholo kubo bonke abasebenzi, okubabeka ethubeni lokudlula amaholo ajwayelekile ezimbonini zokukhiqiza nezinye eziwumgogodla kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo. Iphesenti lezindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo sezizonke ezikhokhwa isisebenzi liye lenyuka cishe unyaka nonyaka kusukela lalandelelwa okokuqala ngeminyaka yawo-1990. Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okusekelwe emsebenzini kuhambisana nemingcele yoMthetho kaStein, owasungulwa isazi sezomnotho uHerbert Stein ngo-1985: “Uma okuthile kungaqhubeki unomphela, kuzoma.”
Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okusekelwe emsebenzini nakho kuyimbangela enkulu yokuntenga kwamaholo. Wonke umsebenzi uhweba ngamaholo ukuze bathole ukunakekelwa kwezempilo. Inhlolovo yakamuva ye-Gallup ithole ukuthi amaphesenti angu-61 abantu baseMelika angavuma ukuhweba ngamaphesenti angu-10 okukhushulwa kwamaholo esikhathini esizayo ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi izindleko zabo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngeke zikhuphuke iminyaka emihlanu. Lokhu kubeka abasebenzi nezinyunyana zabo esimeni esikhulu sokuxoxisana futhi kuhamba ibanga elide ekuchazeni ukuthi kungani amaholo eqhubeka nokuntenga ngesikhathi sokuntuleka kwemisebenzi kanye nokukhula kwenzuzo yezinkampani.
Futhi ngisho nokunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu kwezempilo okusekelwe emsebenzini akukho lapho sikudinga kakhulu: lapho silahlekelwa imisebenzi, sishintsha imisebenzi, siteleka, noma silwa nokugula isikhathi eside.
Okwake kwaba umthombo wokuziqhenya "ngenzuzo yenyunyana" sekuphenduke ihange entanyeni yesigaba sabasebenzi base-US. Akekho umholi wezinyunyana osemiqondweni yakhe elungile ongaveza isimo lapho uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo okusekelwe emsebenzini lungaqiniswa ngezindlela ezinganikeza ukuvikeleka kokunakekelwa kwezempilo okusimeme kubasebenzi nemindeni yabo. Kungakho izinyunyana ezimele iningi labasebenzi abahlelekile manje zeseka i-HR 1384 - I-Medicare for All Act ka-2019 nokuthi kungani i-AFL-CIO emhlanganweni wayo ka-2017 ivotele ngazwi linye ukusekela izinqubomgomo “zokusheshisa ukuya ohlelweni lwe-Medicare for All olukhokha oyedwa. .”
I-Medicare for All Solution
I-Medicare for All izosusa ukunakekelwa kwezempilo etafuleni lezingxoxo futhi ikhulise amandla ezingxoxo zezinyunyana cishe kuzo zonke izingxoxo. Kuzovumela izimali zezempilo nezenhlalakahle ezixhaswe yinyunyana ithuba lokwaba kabusha imali engenayo ecwile ohlelweni lokunakekelwa kwezempilo olumba eqolo nolungasebenzi ngendlela efanele. Ukonga kungase kusetshenziswe ezinhlelweni ezintsha “zenzuzo yenyunyana” njengezinzuzo ezithuthukisiwe zokukhubazeka, izinzuzo ezengeziwe zokungasebenzi, izinhlelo zokufunda nokuqeqesha, izinsizakalo zomthetho, ukunakekelwa kwezingane nabadala, nokunye. Enye imali engenayo ingase iphinde yabelwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinhlelo zempesheni ezisengozini.
I-Medicare for All izohlinzeka ngekhava engcono kunanoma yiluphi uhlelo olusekelwe emsebenzini olukhona namuhla. Abamelene ne-Medicare for All bavame ukuhlanganisa izinzuzo ezincishisiwe ezinikezwa ngaphansi kohlelo lwanamuhla lwe-Medicare ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 yemizamo yokuxhasa ngemali encane kanye neyokwenza okuyimfihlo ngezinzuzo ezinwetshwe kakhulu nezithuthukisiwe ezihlongozwayo ngaphansi kwe-Medicare for All. I-HR 1384—Rep. I-Pramila Jayapal's Medicare for All Bill enabaxhasi abangu-119—ihlongoza ukukhokhela izinzuzo ezilandelayo ngaphandle kokukhokhelwa kanyekanye, ukudonswa kwemali, noma ezinye izindleko eziphuma ephaketheni:
Izinsizakalo zasesibhedlela, ezifaka ukunakekelwa kwesibhedlela kwesiguli esilaliswayo kanye nesangaphandle, okuhlanganisa izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo zamahora angu-24 ngosuku kanye nemithi kadokotela yesiguli. (2) Izinsizakalo zeziguli ezizihambelayo. (3) Izinsizakalo eziyisisekelo nezokuvimbela, okuhlanganisa nokuphathwa kwezifo ezingapheli. (4) Imithi kadokotela kanye nemishini yezokwelapha, okuhlanganisa nemithi kadokotela, izinto zezokwelapha, nemikhiqizo yebhayoloji. (5) Impilo yengqondo nezinsiza zokwelapha izidakamizwa, okuhlanganisa nokunakekelwa kweziguli. (6) Izinsiza zaselabhorethri nezokuxilonga. (7) Ukunakekelwa okuphelele kokuzala, ukubeletha, nosana olusanda kuzalwa. (8) Izifo zezingane. (9) Impilo yomlomo, i-audiology, kanye nezinsizakalo zokubona. (10) Amasevisi okubuyisela esimweni kanye namathuluzi namathuluzi. (11) Izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo nezokuthutha. (12) Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nangezikhathi ezithile, izinsiza zokuxilonga, nezokwelapha, njengoba kuchazwe ezigabeni 1902(a)(10)(A), 1902(a)(43), 1905(a)(4)(B), kanye no-1905 (r) soMthetho Wokuvikeleka Komphakathi (42 USC 1396a(a)(10)(A); 1396a(a)(43); 1396d(a)(4)(B); 1396d(r)). (13) Izinto zokuhamba ezidingekayo ukuze bathole usizo lwezempilo kubantu abakhubazekile noma abantu abahola kancane (njengoba kunqunywe uNobhala). (14) Izinsizakalo zokunakekela zesikhathi eside nokusekelwa (njengoba kuchazwe esigabeni 204).
Ngokuqhathanisa, uhlelo lwenzuzo yezempilo yabasebenzi bakahulumeni oluhlonishwa kakhulu lunikeza nje ukukhetha kwenani lemikhiqizo yomshwalense yangasese enezinhlobonhlobo ezijwayelekile zokukhokhelwa ngokubambisana, ukudonswa kwemali, namanethiwekhi amancane. Kukho konke lokhu, abasebenzi benhlangano kumele bakhahlele kumaphesenti angama-28 weprimiyamu enesisindo kuzo zonke izinhlelo.
Ngokungangabazeki, abasebenzi bezinyunyana ezisebenzela iDolobha laseNew York bangase babe nezinye zezindaba ezinhle kakhulu zanoma yiliphi izinga labasebenzi laseMelika. Bangathola ukuhlinzekwa okukhokhelwa umqashi ngokugcwele ohlelweni oluzenzakalelayo lwe-Emblem Health/HIP olucishe lungabi nawo ama-co-pay noma adonswe imali (izisebenzi zingase futhi zikhethe ezinye izinhlelo zomshwalense wangasese ezidinga iminikelo yabasebenzi). Baphinde bathole usizo olukhulu lwamazinyo, optical, kanye nencwadi kadokotela. Kodwa nalapha, abasebenzi kufanele basebenzise inethiwekhi yomhlinzeki omncane noma babhekane nokukhokhelwa ngokubambisana okukhulu, futhi uhlelo lusilela kakhulu ku-HR 1384 ekuhlanganiseni kwalo ukunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside, izinsizakalo zokukhubazeka, nokunakekelwa okusekelwe emphakathini nasemakhaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izingxoxo zenkontileka zibanjelwa ukuthi zibambelele kulezi zinzuzo ezingajwayelekile cishe nganoma yiziphi izindleko. Ngiphonsela inselelo noma yimuphi umgqugquzeli wekhava esekelwe emsebenzini ukuthi angibonise uhlelo olufana nezinga lezinsizakalo eziphelele, inkululeko yokuzikhethela, kanye nokungabikho kwezindleko eziphuma ephaketheni ezihlongozwe yi-HR 1384.
Njengokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, icala lokushintsha uhlelo lwethu lokunakekelwa kwezempilo olungasebenzi kahle, olukhokha abaningi, lwenzuzo ngohlelo oluxhaswe ngumphakathi, lomhlaba wonke olunendinganiso eyodwa yokunakekelwa kwabo bonke liphoqa kangangokuthi selifinyelele ezingeni leqiniso lesayensi. Noma kunjalo, abaholi abaningi bezwe labasebenzi bayaqhubeka nokucula izindumiso zezinzuzo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezisekelwe emsebenzini, kuyilapho abanye abaningi kakhulu benikeza ukweseka okungahleliwe kwe-Medicare for All-ukudlulisa izinqumo ezingqungqutheleni nasezingqungqutheleni ukuze bajabulise izishoshovu zezinyunyana kuyilapho beqhubeka nokuzinikela imizamo yenyunyana yabo yokuhlanganisa kanye neyomthetho ukusekela ukulungiswa kwenqubomgomo okukhulayo nokuzivikela. Zimbalwa kuphela izinyunyana zikazwelonke eseziqalile ukwenza uhlobo lwezinsiza namandla okuhlela azodingeka ukuze kunqotshwe amandla agxilile ezepolitiki nezomnotho enkimbinkimbi yezokwelashwa nezimboni.
I-Union Backpedaling
Njengomfutho we-Medicare for All yakheka, sibona ukuhlehla okwengeziwe ngaphakathi kwenhlangano yabasebenzi. Futhi akubona bonke okuboshelwe kubaholi bezemisebenzi kazwelonke (yize ngokuqinisekile kugqama kakhulu kulelo zinga). ENew York, umthethosivivinywa wezwe okhokhelwa ngendlela eyodwa—i-NY Health—usewuphasise kabili uMkhandlu Kazwelonke futhi usuphokophele ekudluleleni eSigeleni Sezwe usekelwa inhlangano ekhulayo ethandwayo. Yize lo mthethosivivinywa unokwesekwa okukhulu kwezabasebenzi, okuhlanganisa nabasebenzi basesibhedlela abanamandla zikahulumeni kanye nezinyunyana zabahlengikazi, ingxenye enkulu yenhlangano yezabasebenzi iphikisene ngokusobala. NgoJuni ka-2018, uJames Cahill, umongameli weNew York State Building and Construction Trades Council, wajoyina i-CEO yeBusiness Council pf New York State ekubhaleni ngokubambisana i-op-ed in. Crain's New York Business ukuphikisana nomthethosivivinywa kanye "nokunakekelwa kwezempilo okuqhutshwa uhulumeni."
Uma sithathwa ngokwaso, lesi sisho singacatshangelwa njengolunye uphawu lokusebenzisana kwekilasi kanye ne-conservatism kunokuthelela izigaba ezibalulekile zohwebo lwezakhiwo. Kepha bajoyinwa ezinye izinyunyana eziningi, okuhlanganisa noMkhandlu Wezabasebenzi Kamasipala onamalungu angama-380,000 - amagatsha awo afaka nenqwaba "yezinyunyana ezithuthukayo" - etshele. I-Politico ukuthi “besaba umthelela wesiphakamiso sokukhokha oyedwa e-Albany.” Kuyiqiniso ukuthi, ngokungafani neziphakamiso zikazwelonke, izinhlelo zesitayela somkhokhi oyedwa zidume kabi ukuklama futhi kunzima ukuzixhasa. Kodwa lobu butha budlulela ngale kokuba nemibuzo esemthethweni mayelana nokuqaliswa. Iqiniso lokuthi imikhakha emikhulu yenhlangano yabasebenzi yenqaba ukuzibandakanya emzamweni wokwenza ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kube yilungelo lokuzalwa esifundeni esinamazinga asondelene nezinyunyana zaseCanada kuyasiphazamisa kakhulu thina esikholelwa ukuthi, ukuze siphumelele, abasebenzi kufanele. ube phambili ekulweni nokuwina iMedicare for All.
Ngakho yini eqhuba lokhu kuphikiswa? Ngokuphambene, eNew York okunye kwakho kuphuma kulawa mazinga aphezulu okuminyana kwezinyunyana. Izinyunyana zisacabanga ukuthi zinesihlalo etafuleni futhi zingase zikholwe ngobuqotho ukuthi zingaxoxa ngezinzuzo ezingcono nezivikeleke kakhudlwana ezingeke zibe ngaphansi kokungathembeki kwezinkulumo-mpikiswano zesabelomali zikahulumeni zonyaka. Lo mbono we-parochial uliba iqiniso lokuthi izinyunyana zaseNew York ziwukhetho olulodwa kuphela noma ukwehla komnotho okusuka enhlekeleleni. Badinga kuphela ukubheka ngaphesheya kwe-Hudson ukuze babone ukuthi uMbusi omelene nenyunyana uChris Christie wenzani emandleni abasebenzi bomkhakha womphakathi waseNew Jersey ukuze bathole usizo lwezempilo ngesikhathi sokuphatha kwakhe (esizwa futhi esekelwe, ngingangeza, yizingxenye zezepolitiki zeDemocratic Alliance ezihambisana nabanye. abahwebi bezakhiwo abanethonya elikhulu kwezombusazwe bendawo).
Uma sibeka eceleni i-idiosyncrasies yepolitiki yezabasebenzi yaseNew York, abaholi abaningi bezinyunyana bangase bakholelwe nokuthi “amalungu akakulungele” ukusekela i-Medicare for All. Ukwenyanya ukulahlekelwa kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni leyo nkolelo. Ososayensi bokuziphatha baye baqaphela ukuthi abantu bavame ukushukunyiswa ukwesaba ukulahlekelwa okuthile abanakho kunethuba lokuzuza okuthile abakufunayo. Ukwesaba ukulahlekelwa umshwalense wezempilo kuwumbangela omkhulu wokungavikeleki kwabasebenzi e-United States. Akumangazi-ke ukuthi abagqugquzeli nabamemezeli bomphakathi abasebenza egameni lesikhungo sezokwelashwa bangagxila kule ngqikithi emzamweni wabo wokuthusa abantu baseMelika basuke ohlelweni lokunakekelwa kwezempilo olulungile. Okunye kwalokho kwesaba sekuthelele amalungu enyunyana. Ukwehluleka ukubhekana nokwesaba okunjalo, vele, kuyiphutha elivamile wonke umuntu owake wabhekana nomkhankaso wokuhlela azokwazi ukuligwema. Inkinga enkulu lapha ngabaholi bezinyunyana abahlulekayo ukuveza umbono wepolitiki yabasebenzi ezogqugquzela futhi ihlanganise amalungu ezinyunyana.
Lokhu kukhathazeka kuhlanganiswe ngemuva kwe Janus isinqumo, esesenze ubulungu bezinyunyana zomkhakha womphakathi bube ngokuzithandela ngokuphelele. Abaholi abaningi bezinyunyana zikahulumeni bayaqiniseka ukuthi indlela engcono kakhulu yokunxenxa abasebenzi ukuthi balondoloze ubulungu babo bezinyunyana ukukhombisa ukuthi inyunyana ineza kanjani ukubaluleka emsebenzini wabo. Ukuxoxisana ngezinzuzo zomshwalense wezempilo ezingcono kakhulu kunalezo ezijatshulelwa iningi labanye abantu baseMelika abangabasebenzi kungenye yezindlela zokwenza lokho ngaphandle kokuthi kudingeke ukuba uhlanganyele ekuhleleni kwangaphakathi okuyingozi kanye nokuhlanganisa imisebenzi engagcina ibukela phansi ubuholi bezinyunyana obukhona.
Ezinye izinyunyana ziphakamise ukuphelelwa umsebenzi njengesizathu sokuphikisa iMedicare for All. Lokhu ukukhathazeka okusemthethweni. Ucwaningo selukhombisile ukuthi abasebenzi abacela ezigidini ezimbili bazosuswa ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwe-Medicare for All. Yize zombili izikweletu zeNdlu kanye neSigele zihlinzeka ngezimali zezinzuzo zoguquko zalaba basebenzi, amashumi eminyaka okuhlangenwe nakho kwesigaba sabasebenzi okuthwala izindleko zokulahleka kwemisebenzi okuhlobene nemvelo, ezohwebo, kanye ne-automation kwenze abasebenzi bangabaza ngokufanelekile noma yiziphi izithembiso zokuphepha komnotho. . Umkhankaso Wezabasebenzi Wokukhokhela Oyedwa Unxuse ukuthi kugxiliswe lezi zinkinga zabasebenzi ezimpini zezombangazwe nezomthetho ezizayo futhi uxwayise ngokuthi ukwehluleka ukwenza lokho kuzonikeza abaphikisana nathi ithuba lokuhlukanisa abasebenzi bodwa.
Izinyunyana ziphinde zazwakalisa ukukhathazeka ngokuthi abaqashi bazohlomula kuwo wonke amaholo acwile izinyunyana ezivumelene ukuwashintsha ukuze kugcinwe umshwalense wangasese ohloniphekile. Lokhu kungacabanga ukuthi, ekushintsheni ku-Medicare for All, izinyunyana zizoba buthakathaka futhi / noma zingakwazi ukuthi ngeke zikwazi ukuphinda zibuyisele lezo zimali ezivele zikhonjisiwe. Ngisho noma sithatha isimo esibi kakhulu, lokhu kuphikisa kufana nomuntu ophikisa ukuxolelwa kwemali mboleko yabafundi ngoba usekhokhe ingxenye encane yemali mboleko yakhe.
Kukhona futhi izici eziningi zesikhungo ezingasebenza ukudikibalisa ukusekelwa kwezinyunyana kwe-Medicare for All. Izimali zezinyunyana zezempilo nezenhlalakahle zivame ukuba nokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwezitini nodaka ezikhungweni zezinyunyana futhi zinikeze uchungechunge lwezinsizakalo zamalungu ezivame ukuqinisa ukuhlonza inyunyana yamalungu. Ubudlelwano obuningi bukhona futhi phakathi kwezikhulu zenyunyana nabathengisi bokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ama-broker, abaxhumanisi, abameli, kanye nokulengiswa okuhlukahlukene. Abanye bakhohlakele. Abanye bamnene kakhulu, njengenkampani yomshwalense exhasa ukuqeqeshwa kwabo kwabaphathi noma umthengisi abangamshayela ucingo ukuze bathole ukufakwa ngokushesha kwelungu ohlelweni lokwelapha ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa. Noma kunjalo, bonke lobu budlelwano bugcina bukhohlakele ngenxa yesibopho abasifaka kubadlali abanentshisekelo yokugcina isimo sikhona.
Kodwa-ke, isici esikhulu kunazo zonke esenza ukuthi inyunyana iphikisane ne-Medicare for All ukwesaba kwabaholi abaningi bezinyunyana ukuphazamisa ubudlelwano babo bezepolitiki. Izinyunyana ziyizinhlangano ezixube izinto eziningi, futhi eziningi zezinhloso zazo zokuxoxisana nokuhlela zithintwa ukukhathazeka kwezepolitiki kwasendaweni nakuzwelonke. Ukuphakama kophiko lwesokudla, umbuso wezombangazwe omelene nabasebenzi kuwusongo olukhona enhlanganweni yabasebenzi yesikhungo kanye nasezinkingeni eziningi ezikhathaza abasebenzi. Izinyunyana zivame ukudonsa izingqimba zazo ngenjongo yokugcina lobu budlelwano. Isibonelo, ngokuhlukile okumbalwa okuphawulekayo, izinyunyana azizange zibonwe ndawo ekulweni kwenkundla yeDemocratic Party ka-2016 ezungeze i-Medicare for All kanye nezinye izindaba ezikhathaza kakhulu isigaba sabasebenzi esiholwa abalandeli bakaBernie Sanders. Njengoba zingene shí ohlelweni lwezinhlangano ezimbili kanye namandla anciphayo, izinyunyana ngokuvamile aziboni enye indlela. Wonke umjikelezo wokhetho ubaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wesizwe, futhi, noma ngabe umphumela uyini, izinyunyana zihlale zivela ziba buthaka emzuliswaneni ngamunye.
Lo mkhuba wezombangazwe udala ukugxeka nokunganaki phakathi kwamalungu ezinyunyana futhi unikeza isikhala sokuba i-populism yophiko lwesokudla igxile ezigabeni ezithile zesigaba sabasebenzi. Iminyaka eyishumi edlule ibone ukuvela kabusha kwenkululeko yezombangazwe eqabulayo kwezinye zezigaba ezinamandla kakhulu zenhlangano yabasebenzi. Ngokuphonsela inselelo isimo esikhona, bagqugquzele amalungu abo ukuthi azibeke engcupheni futhi baphoqe ukuvunyelwa okubalulekile kwenhlangano yezepolitiki. I-Medicare for All, ngenxa yokuthi ifuna ukubuyisela okuhle emphakathini egameni laso sonke isigaba sabasebenzi, ingaba yinkinga ebalulekile ekwakheni ipolitiki ezimele yezinga labasebenzi.
Indlela Eya Phambili
Okuhlangenwe nakho kwethu kuMkhankaso Wezabasebenzi Womkhokhi Oyedwa kubonise ukuthi ukwesekwa kwesizathu sethu kukhulu kakhulu emigqeni ephambili yenhlangano yabasebenzi, lapho abaholi nabasebenzi kufanele babhekane nsuku zonke nemiphumela yokunakekelwa kwezempilo okuzimele, okwenza inzuzo. Inhloso yethu bekuwukusebenzelana nalezo zishoshovu njengoba zithola izindlela zokusebenzisana ngendlela eyakhayo nobuholi bukazwelonke bezabasebenzi. Ngemuva kokuvela koSuku Lwezabasebenzi lukaMongameli we-AFL-CIO ngo- Fox News, isibonelo, sicele izinyunyana ukuthi zimbhalele ukuze zimkhumbuze ukuthi ukusekelwa kwe-Medicare for All kuyinqubomgomo esemthethweni yomfelandawonye omkhulu wezabasebenzi waseMelika. Bangaphezu kuka-2,500 abantu abaphendula ucingo. Laba ngabaholi abazoqhuba uguquko enhlanganweni yethu futhi ekugcineni balethe izinsiza ezesabekayo zezombusazwe kanye nokugqugquzela abasebenzi bezikhungo empini yokwenza ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kube yilungelo lawo wonke umuntu eMelika. Uma lokho kwenzeka, sizowina.
Njengoba uMongameli woMkhandlu Wezabasebenzi waseWashington State uLarry Brown esho, "Izinyunyana aziwasizi amalungu azo kahle ngokuzama ukuzungeza izinqola ezizungeze imodeli engasebenzi yokunakekelwa kwezempilo okusekelwe emsebenzini." Inhlangano yethu yabasebenzi izophumelela uma sizwakalisa izifiso zabo bonke abasebenzi futhi sikhulumela sonke isigaba sabasebenzi.
Amalungu ezinyunyana kufanele aziqhenye ngempi ende izinyunyana eziye zayilwa ukuze zivikele ilungelo lazo lokuthola usizo lwezempilo oluthengekayo, oluseqophelweni eliphezulu, futhi Umkhankaso Wabasebenzi Wokukhokhela Oyedwa Umi ngokubambisana nabo bonke abasebenzi yonke indawo abalwela ukuvikela lezi zinzuzo ezizuzwe kanzima. Kodwa umnyakazo wethu usesikhathini esiyingqophamlando. Manje akusona isikhathi sokudaka amanzi noma ukuthengiselana ngathi. Sidinga abasebenzi ukuze sihole njengoba sisebenzela ukwenza lokhu kube udaba olubalulekile okhethweni luka-2020 futhi senze osopolitiki baphendule ngo-2021 nangale kwalokho. Futhi sinelungelo lokulindela ukuthi abaholi bezinyunyana abasimele kanye nosopolitiki esibasekelayo bazokwenza okungaphezu nje kokuveza amaphuzu okukhuluma aklanywe abagqugquzeli bemboni yezokunakekelwa kwempilo.
amanothi
- IKomidi Lezindlela Nezindlela, "Izindlela eziya ku-Universal Coverage,” Juni 12, 2019,
- Ronn Blitzer, "Inhloko ye-AFL-CIO 'Ingaba Nesikhathi Esinzima Ukusekela' 'I-Medicare-For-All' Eqeda Izinhlelo Zenyunyana," Fox News, Septhemba 1, 2019,
- Umkhankaso Wabasebenzi Wokukhokha Oyedwa, “UMongameli we-AFT uRandi Weingarten Uchaza Kungani Othisha Nabasebenzi Bezempilo Bengeke Bayeke Ukuhlela, "
- Randi Weingarten, "Ukukhetha Okungamanga ngaphezu kwe-'Medicare Yabo Bonke, '" I-Politico, Septhemba 23, 2019,
- Inhlangano Yokubambisana Kwezomnotho Nentuthuko, “Idatha ye-OECD, "
- I-Milliman, Inc.2018 Milliman Medical Index. "
- Inkampani yeGallup, Inc.I-US Healthcare Cost Crisis. "
- Umkhankaso Wabasebenzi Wokukhokha Oyedwa, “I-Medicare Yabo Bonke: Ingabe Inyunyana Yakho Isebhodini?"
- Umkhankaso Wabasebenzi Wokukhokha Oyedwa, “I-AFLCIO 2017 Ivumela I-Medicare Yabo Bonke,” Disemba 13, 2017.
- Umkhankaso Wabasebenzi Wokukhokha Oyedwa, “Izinhlelo zabaqashi abaningi, Izimali ze-Taft-Hartley kanye nokunakekelwa kwezempilo komkhokhi oyedwa,"
- US Congress, "I-HR 1384 – I-Medicare for All Act ka-2019."
- I-EmblemHealth, “Uhlelo Olukhethwayo lwe-HIP HMO lwabasebenzi baseDolobheni laseNew York, "
- UHeather C. Briccetti noJames Cahill, “Abantu baseNew York abafuni ukukhokhela umuntu oyedwa," Crain's New York Business, Juni 5, 2018.
- USally Goldenberg, "Izinyunyana Zedolobha Zithi Ziyawesaba Umthelela Wokukhokha Eyedwa e-Albany," I-Politico, Nov. 29, 2018.
- URobert Pollin, uJames Heintz, uPeter Arno, uJeannette Wicks-Lam, noMichael Ash, Ukuhlaziywa Kwezomnotho Kwe-Medicare Yabo Bonke, Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Umnotho Wezombangazwe, 108-12.
- 16. Larry Brown, “Masisuse Ukunakekelwa Kwezempilo Ethebula Lezingxoxo, " IStand, March 5, 2019.
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