Osukwini lwesibhengezo sokuguqulwa kwamaphoyisa, idolobha laseMilwaukee lenze isivumelwano sokuqeda imikhuba elingana neshumi leminyaka yohlelo lokumisa nokuqubuka okuholele emakhulwini ezinkulungwane zokuma okungenasisekelo kanye nokuchazwa kwemininingwane ngobuhlanga nangobuzwe. Abantu abamnyama nabaLatino edolobheni lonke. Lesi sivumelwano sinikeza umhlahlandlela wokuthi uMnyango Wamaphoyisa aseMilwaukee kanye neKhomishana Yezomlilo Namaphoyisa kumele baguqule kanjani ukuze kuvikelwe amalungelo omthethosisekelo abantu ababasebenzelayo.
Izinguquko ezendawo, kodwa imiphumela ingeyezwe lonke. Lesi sivumelwano sithumela uphawu eminyangweni yamaphoyisa ezweni lonke mayelana nendlela yokulungisa imikhuba ebeka abantu bebala babe yicala ngokungafanele.
Izinguquko eMilwaukee ziwumphumela wokuxazululwa kwe- Collins v. Idolobha laseMilwaukee, icala lango-2017 elethwe i-ACLU kanye nefemu yabameli ye-Covington & Burling LLP egameni labantu abamnyama nabaLatino, okuhlanganisa nomakadebona wezempi, ugogo, abafundi, kanye nesishayamthetho sezwe. Ummangali ngamunye wamiswa noma wamiswa futhi wafinyizwa ngamaphoyisa aseMilwaukee lapho engenzi lutho olungalungile.
Abamangali bethu babengebodwa.
I-ACLU inakho ibhalwe phansi ukuthi amaphoyisa aseMilwaukee aqondise abantu abamnyama nabaLatino ngezitobhi ezingenasisekelo. Ukwengeza kulo mbhalo, ubufakazi bochwepheshe ku Collins icala kubonise ukuthi amaphoyisa aseMilwaukee aqhube amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabahamba ngezinyawo kanye nezitobhi zethrafikhi phakathi kuka-2010 no-2017 ngaphandle kwezinsolo ezidingekayo ezidingwa yiSichibiyelo Sesine. Omunye umbiko wochwepheshe odabeni kwatholakala ukuthi amazinga okuma kwethrafikhi nabahamba ngezinyawo eMilwaukee ayephakeme ngokuphindwe kasithupha kubantu Abamnyama kunabamhlophe, ngisho nangemva kokubalwa kwamazinga obugebengu kanye nezici ezengeziwe ngaphandle kobuhlanga nobuzwe ezingaba nomthelela kulawo mazinga okuma.
Ngemva konyaka nesigamu sokuqulwa kwecala, abamangali baye bazuza isixazululo esidinga uguquko oluqinile olubhekiswe ezinyathelweni zokukhuthaza ubuphoyisa obusekelwe ebufakazini nobungachemile. Lezi zinguquko sezadlula isikhathi edolobheni lapho abantu abamnyama nabaLatino kade bebhikisha bekhishwa inyumbazane ngokumiswa kwamaphoyisa okungekho emthethweni kanye nokucwasa uma benza ukuphila kwabo kwansuku zonke.
Isivumelwano sokukhokha sigunyaza izinguquko ezinkulu nezijulile. Kudinga ukulungiswa kabusha kwendlela amaphoyisa aziphatha ngayo futhi abike uma eyeka nokushayisana eMilwaukee. Lesi sivumelwano siphinde siphoqe idolobha ukuthi lithathe izinyathelo eziqinile zokuqinisekisa ukuthi amaphoyisa ayama kanye nokushayisana kwezimoto kuyagadwa futhi kuqashwe ngeso lokhozi nokuthi amaphoyisa aqhuba ukuhlangana ngokungemthetho ayalulekwa, aqeqeshwe kabusha, noma aqondiswe izigwegwe. Futhi iDolobha kumele lisimamise iKomidi Lokubambisana Lomphakathi, ithimba lamalungu omphakathi azohlangana njalo namaphoyisa aseMilwaukee kanye neKhomishana Yezomlilo Namaphoyisa Yedolobha ukuze anikeze imibono ngamasu okusebenza kwamaphoyisa kanye nomthelela wawo emphakathini.
Amadolobhakazi namadolobhana kulo lonke elase-United States kufanele enze lokho i-Milwaukee manje edingwa yisivumelwano sokwenza isivumelwano - ukwenza ukucwaninga kwangaphakathi nokwangaphandle ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukuma nokushayisana kusekelwa izinsolo ezinengqondo ezidingwa Isichibiyelo Sesine. Uma ama-stop and frisks engahlangabezani naleli zinga, izikhulu kufanele ziqondiswe izigwegwe ngokwephula uMthethosisekelo. Ukwamukeleka kweqiniso kuphela kwezinyathelo zamaphoyisa ezisekelwe ebufakazini kanye nokuziphendulela okungaqapha umsebenzi wamaphoyisa ngokusekelwe ekuchemani okwephula isiqinisekiso esiyisisekelo sesichibiyelo se-14 sokuvikela okulinganayo komthetho. Futhi ukusebenzela thina sonke, umsebenzi wamaphoyisa uncike emizamweni yokuqinisa umthetho esekelwe ebufakazini, hhayi emibonweni engaguquki noma ukuchema.
Manje iMilwaukee ijoyina amanye amadolobha aseqale ukuguqula isimo, ngenxa yokuqulwa kwamacala noma ephendula izingcingo zemiphakathi yemibala ngamapholisa asekelwe ebufakazini. Lezi zihlanganisa Minneapolis, Philadelphia, Chicago, kanye ne-New York, lapho ubushoshovu bomphakathi kanye namacala amaningi alethe izinguquko ezibalulekile (bona lapha, lapha futhi lapha). Izinguquko ezibanzi eziwumphumela waleli cala zengeza kuleli gagasi lenguquko futhi zikhombisa ukungathembeki okunombono ofanele wokusetshenziswa kwenani elikhulu lezindawo zokuma nokungenasisekelo njengethuluzi lokuqinisa umthetho.
Ukuphoqelela izinguquko ku Collins v. Milwaukee eminyakeni ezayo kuzodinga ukuqapha okuqhubekayo ngabamangali abanesibindi kuleli cala kanye nomphakathi obanzi wabantu abaNsundu nabaLatino abathintwa ukumisa nokushayisana, njengoba bekuyiqiniso ku I-New York futhi Chicago. Kodwa yilokhu kufakwa kanye nokwengamela okuqhubekayo kwamaphoyisa yimiphakathi ayisebenzelayo engaqinisekisa ukuthi isithembiso samaphoyisa sokusebenzela nokuvikela sifinyelela ngempela kuyo yonke imiphakathi - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibala lesikhumba sabo noma indlela abakhuluma ngayo - eMilwaukee nangale kwayo.
UNusrat Choudhury uyisekela lomqondisi we-ACLU Racial Justice Programme. Uthole i-BA yakhe e-Columbia University futhi uthweswe iziqu e-Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs kanye ne-Yale Law School. Ngaphambi kokujoyina i-Racial Justice Programme (RJP), u-Choudhury wasebenza njengommeli ku-ACLU National Security Project kanye no-Marvin A. Karpatkin Fellow ku-RJP. U-Choudhury uphinde wasebenza njengomabhalane wezomthetho weJaji u-Barrington D. Parker eNkantolo Yokudlulisa Amacala yase-US Yesifunda sesi-2 kanye noweJaji u-Denise Cote esifundeni esiseNingizimu ye-New York.
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