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Nikela[Umnikelo ku- Iphrojekthi ye-Reimagining Society umbuki zindwendwe ngu ZCommunications]
I-athikili ka-Ehrenreich kanye noFletcher ethi "Re-imagining Socialism," kanye nezimpendulo eziningi eziye zayiveza, ziwubufakazi bokukhanga okunamandla kweSocialism kulabo abalangazelela izwe elinobulungisa, ubuntu, nelinokulingana. Nokho, lo mbuzo okhathazayo uhlobene kakhulu nendlela lo mbonoโfuthi okufaneleโugcwaliseke ngayo, uma kwenzeka.
"Inguquko noma Revolution?" Qala ngokukhathazeka ngokuthi wenzani ngokuzayo uma uthenga
Njengoba ezinye izimpendulo eziningi zingagxila ezisekelweni ezingokoqobo nezingokwethiyori zomphakathi wezenhlalakahle, ngizonikela isikhathi esithile ngicabange ngesu elibanzi. Ngokungenakugwenywa, umbuzo 'wenguquko noma uguquko' uvela ngokushesha. Futhi uma sikhuluma nge-socialism emazweni athuthukile wonxiwankuluโikakhulukazi e-United Statesโumbuzo 'wenguquko noma uguquko' uba nombango oshubile nakakhulu. Iphuzu lami lokuqala, ke, ukusho ukuthi ngenkathi umbono woguquko oludumile e-US (awuthi, ohlanganisa i-15% yabantu abaningi) ekuqaleni ungase ubonakale unothando olungapheli (futhi mhlawumbe ngisho nokwesabekayo), kungaba khona. izingozi ezinkulu ezisasele ku-85% -okungukuthi, lezo zimfanelo eziqinile ezihlanganisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-logic of capital.
Ukukubeka ngenye indlela, uma bekungenzeka uguquko lwezenhlalakahle kusasa, okubaluleke kakhulu kuhulumeni omushaโngisho nangaphambi komsebenzi ongemncane kangako wokuhlela ngentando yeningi uguquko oluphelele, olungakaze lubonwe emlandweni womphakathi womphakathiโkungenzeka kakhulu. igxile endleleni yokwamukela nokuhlanganisa ngempumelelo abantu abacishe babe yizigidi ezingama-60 abavotele u-John McCain no-Sarah Palin ngoNovemba odlule (ingasaphathwa eyezigidi ezingu-70 zamaLiberals, ama-moderates, kanye nama-social democrats abavotele u-Obama). Iphuzu liwukuthi, ngisho nangemva kwesigameko esingalindelekile kakhulu senguquko yesocialist ethandwa kakhulu, ukwanda kwemizwa emelene nobusoshiyali kungase kubangele real uguqukoโokungukuthi, uguquko olunzulu lwabo bonke ubudlelwano bezenhlalakahle nezomnothoโukuba bume ngaphambi kokuba buqale. Ngakho, inguquko yezenhlalakahleโuma ingasekelwa okungenani iningi lezakhamuziโlingase libe yingozi enkulu ngesizathu sobusoshiyali kunokungaguquki nhlobo.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle koguquko oludumile, yimaphi amathuba ephrojekthi yezenhlalakahle ngaphakathi kwe-US? Impendulo ethize edumazayo ngokuqondakalayo iyona eshukumisele abaningi kangaka Kwesokunxele ukuba 'babheke eNingizimu' ukuze bathole ugqozi, ithemba, kanye nesiqondisoโngihlanganise nami. Ngempela, kubalulekile ukuthi labo abangakwesokunxele basebenze ngokuzikhandla ukugxeka ngokwakhayo la maphrojekthi omhlaba; ukuvikela kokubili emangeni asakazwayo, kuyilapho kulinganiswa abaholi namaqembu ngokumelene nenkulumo yabo kanye nokudukisa kwamaphrojekthi omlando wesikhathi esidlule.
Kodwa akufanele simane siziphoqe endimeni yokuba yisibukeli esigxekayo. Lokho abaningi abakwesobunxele abavame ukukukhohlwa yindlela bona ngokwabo abamele ngayo amandla ngabanye emphakathini; ukuthi ngamunye angaba nomthelela kunethiwekhi enkulu yabantu ngezindlela ezinamandla. Ngikhuluma ngowazibiza ngoSocialist kodwa nokho ugcina uqhekeko phakathi kwabasebenzi phakathi kwekhaya. Ngikhuluma ngozibiza ngoSocialist okwaziyo ukusho isahluko sokuqala se-Capital Volume 1 cishe izwi nezwi, kodwa ephatha umuntu ophatha imali esitolo segrosa yangakubo ngenhlonipho encane njengozakwabo wonxiwankulu. Ngikhuluma ngowazibiza ngoSocialist osebenza umsebenzi wokudayisela obhedayo futhi okhipha ukukhungatheka kwakhe kwababonwayo, kodwa hhayi okwangempela, isithaโabathengi. NjengamaSocialists, kuwumthwalo wethuโuma esikholelwa ukuthi kusho noma yiniโukuzihlanza thina kanye nezimpilo zethu ngokuphelele ebutheni bomphakathi obuqiniswa ngokungapheli futhi bugqugquzelwa ubunxiwankulu: indoda iqhathaniswa nowesifazane, umthengi uma eqhathaniswa nomkhiqizi, umkhiqizi ngokumelene nomthengi, nabanye abaningi. Yilokhu kanye ukubaluleka kokuqala kusukela ngezansi. Futhi ngalokho angiqondile emaqenjini amancane, aphansi kuphela. Ngiphinde (futhi ikakhulukazi) ngiqonde njengabantu ngabanye; ngamunye wokuba nomthelela wethu kubo bonke abantu esihlangana nabo ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke. Izenzo zethu zingaqinisa amazwi umphakathi jikelele awafunde ngaphansi kobunxiwankulu, noma ngobuqiliโokuhleโukuwasusa. William Greider, kumagazini wakamuva we The Nation, ukhuluma naleli phuzu lapho ethi, "Uhulumeni angenza izinto eziningi, kodwa angeke akwazi ukuguqula umphakathi. Abantu kuphela abangakwazi ukufeza lokho. Bashintsha umphakathi kancane kancane nangezindlela ezingamenyezelwa ngokuziphatha kwabo nangokudala..."[i]
Ngakho-ke, akukho phrojekthi yezenhlalakahle-kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibalwa kanjani, izinikele futhi iyazigxeka kangakanani-eyoke iphile uma amandla omuntu ngamunye ahlanganisa umphakathi, nsuku zonke, aqhubekisela phambili izindlela zokucabanga kanye nobudlelwane bomphakathi obuphikisana ne-socialism. Ukukucabanga ngenye indlela, kuyohamba kahle kangakanani noma yikuphi 'ukunyakaza okuluhlaza', noma ngabe iphumelela ukuthola umthetho onamandla, uma iningi lezakhamuzi lenqaba ukwenza izinyathelo ezilula kakhulu 'eziluhlaza'? Esimeni esinjalo, i-US ingase ibe 'iluhlaza kakhulu' kweyake yaba khona ephepheni nangaphakathi kwamahholo oKhongolose, kodwa ekhaya ngalinye, kuseneziphephetha-moya ezintathu namathelevishini amakhulu amabili avuliwe...ngaphandle kwekhaya. Kulokhu, amandla aqinile kubantu; hhayi ngoba beyifuna ngenkani noma banelungelo layo, kodwa ngoba iyini abantu ngabanye benza-kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyazi noma ngokungazi-lokho ekugcineni okunquma isiphetho sanoma iyiphi iphrojekthi enkulu yomphakathi.
Isithombe Esikhulu: Ukuguqula Lo mkhumbi Onenkani
Uma ukholwa noma ungakholwa, abavoti abaningi basabheka kumalungu esishayamthetho ukuthi enze โokulungileโโnoma, ngokungacacile, โumsebenzi omuhleโ (isb. โYebo, ngicabanga ukuthi uzokwenza umsebenzi omuhle,โ noma โAngikwenzi. 'angithandi akwenzile; bekungeyona into efanele ukuyenza"). Yiqiniso, thina esikhathalela isayensi yezenhlalakahle siyazi ukuthi izitatimende ezinjengalezi zingenangqondo kangakanani. Nokho, zingokoqoboโzingokoqobo kakhulu. Uma abantu besho lezi zinkulumo, bazisho ngokujulile futhi bakholelwa ukuthi abakushoyo kunezinga elithile lokufaneleka nokujula. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba siklolodele futhi sichithe, kufanele siqaphele ukuthi abakushoyo kufanele kusekelwe kukho okuthile. Manje, incazelo yegama elithi "okulungile" noma "okuhle" incike ngokuphelele. Kodwa okwenza okuthile kube โkulungileโ noma โkuhleโ, ngikholelwa ukuthi kuhlobene kakhulu nalokho osekwamukelwe njengokuhle (noma okubi), noma okulungile (noma okungalungile). Isibonelo: Cabanga ngesistimu yezokuphepha komphakathi engakaze idalwe. Ngikholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi ukuvumelana okuvamile kungaba ukuthi ukuqalisa uhlelo Lokuvikeleka Komphakathi kuzomelela ngempumelelo uhulumeni ukweqa imingcele yakhe nokuthi isenzo esinjalo singadala izisusa eziphambene. "Kungani-ke laba bantu bengasebenza," kubuza lo mMelika ovamile ocatshangelwayo, "lapho bekwazi ukuhlala ekhaya futhi baqoqe amasheke okuphepha komphakathi? Futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, kungani kufanele ngikhokhele umkhokhi wentela?" Lezi zimpikiswano cishe zibonakala ziyinqabaโmhlawumbe zingenaluzwelaโekuqaleni; futhi yilokho kanye iphuzu.
Engikutholayo amandla ezinkambisoโukuthambekela kokuthi amapharamitha amanje kanye nobukhulu bokubusa ukuchaza kahle ukuthi yini โokuhleโ nokuthi yini โokulungileโ. Okukhona njengamanje, ukuthi buyini ubudlelwano obukhona phakathi kukahulumeni nabantu, bunomthelela omkhulu kulokho okungase kucatshangwe ezingqondweni zezakhamuzi zaseMelika ezivamileโokungukuthi abantu abaNxele okufanele babakhathalele kakhulu. Esimweni lapho isibonelo sokuvikeleka komphakathi singalibonisi leli phuzu, cabangela udaba lokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwendawo yonke. Kunamaqembu amakhulu abantu abangazuza kulokhu, nokho babambe izimpikiswano ezikholisayo, ezivame ukushuba ngokumelene nakho. Kungani? Ngoba bangaphansi kwesipelingi esithelelanayo, se-supply-side? Mhlawumbe kwezinye izimo, kodwa ingxenye enkulu ngikholwa ukuthi ihlobene nokungakwazi kwalaba bantu ukukuhlobanisa nento evele ikhona. Yingakho abahlaziyi abaningi (njengoPaul Krugman, isibonelo), lapho benza izingxabano ezivuna ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kwendawo yonke, bezokwenza konke okusemandleni abo ukuze baxhumane ne-Medicare ne-Medicaid. Kungani? Ngoba lezi zinhlelo sezivele zikhona futhi, ngokwazi kwami โโkonke, azinawo amabutho abaphikisi abamasha eWashington, befuna ukuthi ziqedwe ngokushesha.
Ukushintsha izinkambiso kuye kwesokunxele kubeka ngempumelelo ama-Conservatives endaweni exakile. Kuneqiniso eliningi lapho i-leftist iveza ukuthi, ezimweni eziningi zomlando, izinhlangothi ze-Conservative zase-US bezilokhu "zisohlangothini olungalungile lomlando", noma ngabe imithetho yokuqashwa kwezingane, ukulawulwa kokudla nezidakamizwa, ukuhlukaniswa, nokuningi. ezinye izindaba. Okuxakayo ukuthi njengamanje abantu abalandela imithetho ethile bazokwamukela kalula le mpikiswano. Kodwa ekwamukeleni, cishe bamukela ngokungagunci ukuthi umlando wase-USโokungukuthi, inkambo yokuguqula izinkambiso emphakathini wethuโkwakuyindlela enqunyiwe, enqunyelwe, engenakugwenywa. Iqiniso liwukuthi, kwakungagwemekiโkodwa kwenzeka. Kodwa ekuvumeni kwabo, singabona ukuqonda okubalulekile: ukufa kwe-reactionary; ukufa kokukholelwa ukuthi yonke inkambo i-US eyabeka kuyo kungenzeka ibe yiphutha ngokuphelele. Ngemva kokumelana novivinyo lwesikhathi, izithungelwe ekuphileni kwansuku zonke (ikakhulukazi isigaba sabasebenzi) baseMelika, ngokuvamile yaqashelwa kuqala njengombono โomuhleโ kanye/noma โolungile,โ kwase kuthi, ngokuqhubekayo, njengoba i Ukugwema umqondo. Nalapha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwakuyini, umphumela wawoโempeleniโawunakugwenywa nangayiphi indlela. Cishe kwakuwumphumela wemizabalazo emikhulu, eyathatha isikhathi eside yezenhlalo okungenzeka ukuthi, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokwesekwa okuncane, ukuhleleka okuncane, kanye nentshiseko encane, okungenzeka yehlulekile. Ukube bekunjalo, nakho bekungase kuqondwe njengesehluleki esingenakugwenywa. (Ingxenye yami isola ukuthi lesi sigameko okungenani sisekelwe ekuvumelaneni okungashiwongo kwezenhlalo ukuthi inqubomgomo yase-US, uma yenziwa esikhathini eside-okungukuthi phakathi nenqwaba yokuphatha, eholwa omongameli kokubili amaqembuโakunakwenzeka ukuba nephutha. Ukusho okuhlukile kuzobonakala kungahambisani nezwe, okuyinto ngokuvamile engamukeleki emphakathini, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisa lokhu kuvumelana ngokuqhubekayo.)
Ngakho konke lokhu kuhlobana kanjani ne-socialism e-US? Ingenziwa kanjani i-US ye-socialist? Yebo, akekho-noma elula-impendulo ekhona, kodwa ngingaphikisa ukuthi ukuguqula isikhungo sepolitiki siye kwesokunxele kubalulekile. Okungukuthi, ukusungula izinhlobo ezintsha zobudlelwano bomphakathi kanye nokuxhumana kukahulumeni okuyinto ngolunye usuku ziyobonakala sengathi ziyimiphumela engenakugwenywa; ukuthi izinto kufanele bahambe kanjalo ngoba ekugcineni "balungile" futhi "bahle". Yeka ukuthi bekungaba lula kangakanani ukuphikisa amaphrojekthi kazwelonke ezindlu nokudla lapho umuntu engase akhombe umsebenzi wokunakekelwa kwezempilo kazwelonke ophumelelayo! Kungaba lula kanjani ukuphikisana sisekela uhlelo lukazwelonke (namazwe ngamazwe) lwezombangazwe, ezomnotho, nezenhlalakahle oluhlonza njengenhloso yalo eyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa okungapheli kwamandla omuntu lapho singakhomba ezinhlelweni eziphumelelayo ezisebenzisa lolu hlobo lolimi ngokuqondile!
Kodwa kusukela manje, i-Left iphoqeleka ukuthi ixhumane kuphela - njengokukhomba i-Medicare lapho iphikisana ngokuhlinzekwa kwezempilo jikelele. Futhi ekusebenzeni nabantu abakhubazekile ngokwentuthuko iminyaka eminingana, ngihlangabezane nokunye okuthakazelisayoโngisho noma kuthuleโukuxhumana. Incwadi evela eHhovisi Lesifunda SaseNew York Lokukhubazeka Kwengqondo Nokukhubazeka Okuthuthukayo (i-OMRDD) igcizelela isidingo sokuthi abantu ngabanye babe 'nohlelo lwempilo' lomuntu ngamunye futhi likhuthaza "ukusiza abantu ukuba bathole izinga eliphezulu lempilo futhi baphile ngokuzimela nangokukhiqiza ngangokunokwenzeka. ." Akudingi ukucabanga okuningi ukubona ukuthi lezi zinhlosoโuma zisetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke kubantu abasebenza ngokugcwele (okungukuthi, umphakathi uwonke)โzingamela inselelo enkulu konxiwankulu. Njengoba uMichael Lebowitz ephikile, "Ulwazi ngezidingo zethu namandla ethu luqinile ngoba luya ezimpandeni, kubantu."[Ii] Lolu hlobo lolwazi namagama, njengamanje, luyaphila futhi lusezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zezenhlalakahle ezihlinzeka ngokunakekelwa kubantu abakhubazekile. Ngandlela thize, kusamele sicabangele ukuzibamba ezindinganisweni ezifanayo.
Yiqiniso, umuntu angase aphikise ngokuthi abantu abakhubazekile abekho 'enkundleni yokudlala' enabantu abadala abasebenza ngokugcwele (njengokungathi bonke abantu abadala abasebenza ngokugcwele basezingeni elilinganayo), ngakho-ke bayalugunyaza lolu hlobo lokusekelwa lukahulumeni. Kodwa futhi, cabanga ngezwe lapho kwakungekho Medicaid noma Social Security ukuxhasa lezi zinhlaka zikahulumeni nezingezona zikahulumeni. Ukuphikisa, kunalokho okubikezelwayo, kungase kube into ehambisana nokuthi, "Yebo, kuyihlazo ngalabo bantu abakhubazekile, kodwa akulona iphutha lomkhokhintela ukuthi bazalwa benjalo. Izikhathi eziningi, ukukhubazeka okunjalo kuyiphutha. umphumela wabazali abangazibophezeli ngesikhathi bekhulelwe. Akumele uhulumeni abeke phansi umthetho wokungaphenduleki kwabantu kanye nezinkinga zomuntu siqu." Uzwakala unonya? Kunjalo, kodwa ingabe kukude kangako nezimpikiswano esizizwa nsuku zonke ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinye izindaba eziphathelene nohlobo oluthile lokungalingani? Kodwa futhi, iqiniso lokuthi i-Medicaid ne-Social Security-futhi, yebo, inani elikhulu lama-ejensi azinikele ekuhlinzekeni ukunakekelwa kulaba bantu (futhi, ikakhulukazi uxhaso lwe-Medicaid, Medicare, kanye Nezokuphepha Komphakathi) -sekuyisikhathi eside ikhona. kubonakala sengathi isenzo sohulumeni nabakhokhi bentela ukubamba iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni amakhono abantu abakhubazekile Ukugwema. Akekho ongalokotha aphikisane nakho manjeโngisho nanjengoba lezi zinhlelo zikahulumeni okwamanje zidinga imali futhi zihlangabezana nesidingo esikhulu.
Sesikushilo lokho, isithiyo esikhona manje ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana okungasho lutho, kwesinye isikhathi okuqinile okukhona njengamanje (yingakho ngizama ukuphikisa iSocialism ngokukhuluma ngenani elincane labantu elithathwa ngokuthi likhubazekile ngokwentuthuko). Ngakho-ke, ukwandisa inani lokuxhunywa, ukwanda kwalokhu kuxhumana, kanye nokujula kwalokhu kuxhumana kuzokwenza izimpikiswano ezingakwesokunxele zibe nenhlokomo njengoba umphakathi uya ukwamukela ngokwandayo, futhi-ngolunye usuku-uyokwenza ukuguqukela ku-socialism ngokufanayo kubonakale sengathi bekungenakugwenywa.
Ngakho-ke, isu kumele lihlukanise phakathi kwesikhathi eside nesifushane. NakumaSocialists, ngingasho ngithi, kumele kugcizelelwe kakhulu emikhankasweni enenqubekela phambili, noma ngabe iholwa ngamaqembu angewona amaSocialist. Lokhu kunqoba kwesikhashana kungasiza ekuguquleni umkhumbi wonxiwankulu ngokushintsha lokho okwamukelekayo, lokho 'okujwayelekile', nalokho 'okulungile'. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola ngemuva kwezinhlelo "eziluhlaza" ezidikibalisa ngokusobala noma ngokusobala/okucwasa ukusetshenziswa kungaba yimbangela efanelekile yamaSocialists, noma ngabe le nhlangano ingase iholwe yilabo abangenazo izifiso zokulwa nonxiwankulu ngamabomu.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ngokufanayo ukuthi amaSocialists angakhohlwa izinjongo zawo zesikhathi eside. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho uhulumeni eklama izinhlelo zokusiza izingane zithole imfundo enhle, kufanele siqaphele. Nakuba lawo angakwesokunxele angase asekele umsebenzi onjalo, amaSocialists kufanele azithibe lapho uhlobo losizo lukahulumeni luhilela, ngokwesibonelo, ukukhokhela izingane imali ukuze zenze kahle ezifundweni, njengoba kuye kwenziwa ezikoleni zaseDolobheni laseNew York.[Iii] Lokhu kuveza ngempumelelo ukukhulekela imali kanye nokukhuthaza izinto ezibonakalayo ukuthi amaSocialists, esikhathini eside, kumele asebenze ngenhliziyo yonke ukuze aqede. Ngakho-ke, ukusekela uhlelo olunjalo kungaba nomthelela ongemuhle esikhathini eside. Yilolu hlobo lwezibalo okufanele amasocialist asebenze ngalo njengoba eqala ukufaka amandla engeziwe ezimpini ezincane, ezinganqotshwa, okungajwayelekile ukuthi zibonakale njengeSocialist ngokwemvelo.
Kunjalo, abanye osocialists bazobikezela ukuthi lesi sikhundla singase sihambe kancane njengoba sizohamba kancane ekukhiqizeni imiphumela ephusile. Kodwa kulaba bantu mangisho lokhu: AmaSocialists kufanele akwenze ngokuphikisana lokho okwenziwa ubunxiwankulu emakhulwini eminyaka ngenkani, ngempoqo nangokusakaza. Ngakho-ke, kufanele sizuze ukwethenjwa, ukuhlonishwa nokwethembeka, hhayi kwalabo okwamanje abahlezi phezulu ezindaweni eziphakeme, kodwa kwabaningi osekungamakhulu eminyaka bemukela igama ngalinye onxiwankulu abashumayela ngalo njengevangeli nokucabanga, futhi igama ngalinye esilikhulumayo ukuhlubuka nokuvukela umbuso.
[i] Kusukela "Ikusasa Lephupho LaseMelika", The Nation, 5/25/2009, k. 13
[Ii] From "Yakha Manje" p.46
[Iii] Ukubonakaliswa okucacile kwalokho engikushoyo, omunye umsekeli wohlelo waphawula, "Sisemphakathini wonxiwankulu futhi abantu bagqugquzelwa yimali kuzo zonke izinhlanga nezigaba, pho kungani kungenjalo?" Itholakala @http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/19/nyregion/19schools.html